Ngakhale alimi apamwamba, alimi ambiri amapitirizabe kubereka mahatchi osowa zokolola kapena kusaka. Bulu, monga chinyama china chilichonse, chimafuna chisamaliro choyenera kwa eni ake, motero lero tidzakambirana za momwe tingasamalire bwino akavalo ndikukambirana zazing'ono zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuyendetsa vuto.
Kusamalira mahatchi yoyenera
Mkhalidwe wa kusunga mahatchi m'khola sikuti ndi chinthu chomalizira chomwe thanzi la kavalo ndi zothandiza zimadalira. Poyamba, tidzakambirana za chipindacho, ndipo tidzakambirana za msipu wa mahatchi.
Ng'ombe yokhazikika
Alipo Machitidwe 3 okonza mahatchi: khola, mu khola kapena gulu.
Bedi la akavalo (chipinda chosiyana) linabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku USA, kumene mahatchi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga iwo mwanjira imeneyo. Galu mizu ndi yovuta kuyeretsa ndipo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Mahatchi amamva bwino, chifukwa amatha kusintha malo. Komabe, ndi chikhalidwe cholakwika, chinyama chikhoza kusungidwa (palibe zitsulo kapena mawindo pakati pa zidutswa). Pankhani iyi, kavalo adzasonyeza kusasamala kapena kukwiya, kukana kudya ndi kumwa.
Khola ndilo mtengo wotsika mtengo, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa chipinda chokhala ndi mtundu wa stall. Phindu lapadera ndi lakuti nyama sizidzasungulumwa, ndi dongosolo, malo osungira ndalama ndi ndalama zimasungidwa.
Kusunga magulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mahatchi a msinkhu womwewo. Gawo limodzi likusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pa akavalo 20 mpaka 100, omwe angasunthire mwaulere mkati mwa chipinda cha chipinda. Njira iyi ndi yoyenera kusungirako mahatchi ambiri omwe alibe mtengo.
Nyumba yodyetserako ziweto ndi zovuta kwambiri kuti muthe kuchoka ku fodya ndi zotsalira za chakudya, kotero mtundu uwu wa zinthu sungatchedwe bwino. Njira yokha ya chipinda chotere ndi ufulu wa nyama: amatha kuyenda mkati mwake, kukhala ndi miyendo ndi kusewera.
Ponena za kukonza mahatchi m'nyengo yozizira, njira yabwino kwambiri ikanakhala ngati stash, chifukwa ili ndi malo okwanira ndipo ndi osavuta kuyeretsa. M'nyengo yozizira, n'zosatheka kuyendera chipinda, choncho ngati muli ndi bakiteriya kapena matenda a tizilombo, zigawo zina pakati pa zigawo sizilola kuti matendawa afalikire kupitirira "chipinda".
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mtundu wa mahatchi: Aarabu, Akhal-teke, Vladimir heavy truck.
Tsopano chifukwa cha kukula kwa khola. Kutalika kwa denga sikuyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mamita atatu.Zomwe zipangizozo zimapangidwira, zimakhala bwino kuti mpweya uzikhala wamtali mamita 3.2-3.5. Ngati mumanga chinsalu, ndiye kuti kavalo aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi 3.5 4 mamita.
Kuunikira Masana mu khola ayenera kukhala owala, omwe amaperekedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mawindo okwanira. Kupanda kuwala kwa masana sikukhudza maso okha, komanso mkhalidwe wa chiweto.
Kupuma. Chofunika chokhala ndi khola lililonse ndi mpweya wokwanira wopanda mpweya wabwino. Kawirikawiri, mawindo amapangira mpweya wabwino pansi pa denga kapena pamwamba pa zitseko zokhoma.
Paulo akukhazikika. Malingana ndi kupezeka kwa zipangizo, pansiyo ikhoza kukhala matabwa, matope kapena konkire. Ndizowonjezereka kugwiritsa ntchito konkire, yomwe mungathe kukoka mizati mosavuta kuti muyambe kutalika ndi kutalika kwake.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene mahatchi amasungidwa., ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe ziyenera kusungidwa kuti nyama zikhale omasuka.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1993, panali mitundu ya mahatchi 427 padziko lonse lapansi, kale lomwe la USSR pafupi ndi asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo anabadwanso. Kubereketsa kumagwiritsa ntchito mahatchi 18% okha.
Mzere
Kwa chuma cha njira ndi malo, mahatchi ali m'khola amakhalabe mwa njira yopondereza. Ngakhale kuti dongosolo lokonzekera silikutanthawuza kugawidwa kwa quadrature yaikulu kwa munthu mmodzi, mukufunikira kutsatira malamulo a "easel" zomwe zilipo kuti nyamayo ikhoze kupuma ndikukhala ndi malo oyenera.
Malo okwezeka ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 m². Malinga ndi kukula kwa kavalo, amasiyana ndi kutalika kwa malo amodzi. Kutalika kwazitali kwa mahatchi ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito (150x156 cm) ndi 2.9 mamita, m'lifupi - 160 masentimita. Kwa mahatchi akuluakulu (kuposa 150x156 masentimita) kutalika kwa khola ayenera kukhala osachepera 3.1 mamita, masentimita 180 cm.
Kupyolera. Kutalika kwa feeders kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwazitali, kuya - pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndi kutalika kwa pansi pa 100-110 masentimita.
Ndikofunikira! Odyetserako, mosasamala kanthu za zinthu, ayenera kukhala m'mphepete mwa mapewa kuti apewe kuvulala kwa chinyama.Zikhomo zakumwa zimatha kukhala payekha komanso ngati mvula yomwe imadutsa mumtunda.
Kusamalira kavalo kumaphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo. Pafupipafupi, mafinya a akavalo pafupifupi 10 pa tsiku ndikutulutsa pafupifupi malita 7 a mkodzo. Choncho, ngati kuyeretsa tsiku ndi tsiku sikuchitika, ndiye kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyamba kuchulukana mu zinyalala. Mahatchi amdima amatha kukhala ndi ammonia, omwe ali mu mkodzo ndipo amalowa mumlengalenga panthawi yopuma.
Poyeretsa, muyenera kupeza zotsatirazi: mafosholo, mafoloko a manyowa, fosholo yazitsulo, fupa lolimba komanso galasi.
Sulani khola kuchokera ku zakudya zamtundu ndi zinyama zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Pa nthawi yokolola, udzu wouma ndi manyowa amachotsedwa. Kamodzi pa sabata nkofunikira kukonza zonse zowonongeka (m'malo mwa zinyalala).
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi yokolola, kavalo angachite mantha kapena kuwonetsa nkhanza, choncho, nkofunikira kuti mutengeko kwa kanthawi kwinakwake, kapena kumangiriza ku chithandizo kuti nyamayo isadzivulaze kapena inu.
Nyama yolima ndi kuyenda (kuyenda)
Mahatchi, mosasamala kanthu kumene amasungirako, ayenera kutuluka mumlengalenga ndi kutambasula miyendo yawo, chifukwa palibe nyama yomwe ingakhoze kuyima nthawi zonse pamalo amodzi ndi kukhalabe mawonekedwe abwino. 
Muyenera kuyendetsa kavalo wanu nthawi zonse ngati mukuyembekezera kugwiritsa ntchito kusaka kapena ulimi. Komabe, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti kuyenda kumakhala koyenera kwa nyama, osati kuyesa koopsa, kotero yang'anani kutsatira malamulo:
- perekani kavalo kutentha pambuyo pa khola musanayambe ntchito kapena kukwera;
- nyamayo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha, mwinamwake, ngati munthu, ikhoza kutenga chimfine ngati ikuwombera zambiri;
- mahatchi sangathe kutengedwa panja ngati kutentha kuli pansi -20 ° C, ndi zina zotero kuti muzizigwiritse ntchito molimbika kapena kuyendetsa pagalimoto;
- gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi kamodzi pamabata masabata awiri, mwinamwake minofu ya mlingo iyamba kuwonongeka ndipo hatchi sichidzatha kupirira katundu.
Mukhoza kuyenda mahatchi onse mosiyana ndi kumanzere. Nyama imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuyenda kofulumira, kosasunthika, komwe kumalimbitsa dongosolo la minofu, kumatulutsa m'mapapu, komanso kuchepetsa dongosolo la manjenje.
Zochita zilizonse zimayatsa makilogalamu, ndipo kupezeka kwake kungayambitse kulemera kwakukulu. Choncho, yesetsani kuti ziweto zanu zikhale ndi mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu komanso zikhale zothandiza.
Kudyetsa ndi kuthirira akavalo
Maonekedwe, maganizo, chitetezo, mphamvu ndi chipiriro zimadalira chakudya choyenera, motero, kuwonjezera pa kusamalira bwino nyama, chakudya choyenera n'chofunika, chomwe tidzakambirana m'gawo lino.
Kudyetsa chakudya
Zakudya zodyetsa zimadalira osati mtundu wokha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kavalo. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwerengera zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku, tiyeni tiyang'ane mayunitsi a muyeso wa chakudya chamagulu.
Pofuna kudziwa momwe zakudya zimakhalira ndi thanzi, chakudya chogwiritsira ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chili chofanana ndi 1 makilogalamu oats oat kapena 1414 kcal.
Chigawo chodyetsa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za chakudya china. Popeza ubwino wa chakudya chilichonse ndi chosiyana, ponena za gawo la chakudya, mukhoza kudziwa molondola mlingoyo.
Tsopano tikhoza kulankhula za kudyetsa akavalo. Nkhuku yamawanga akuluakulu tsiku lililonse amafunika kudya makilogalamu 1.8-2.7 pa 100 kg zolemetsa kuti muzitha kulemera ndi kuchita ntchitoyi. Nkhumba yachinyama imakhala ndi 2.2-2.8 senti, ndiko kuti, kwa makilogalamu 100 oflemera thupi.
Ndikofunikira! Mares amafunika 20% magulu opangira chakudya panthawi yopsereza kusiyana ndi kavalo wokhala ndi ntchito zambiri.Sikokwanira kudziŵa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, monga mukufunikira kudyetsa kavalo ndi zakudya zowuma ndi zobiriwira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mavitamini. Choncho, kambiranani za momwe mungadyetse mahatchi.
Avereji tsiku lililonse chakudya cha kavalo wamkulu wolemera makilogalamu 450 mpaka 500:
- oats - 4.5-5 makilogalamu;
- hay - 11-12 makilogalamu;
- nthambi - 1 makilogalamu;
- kaloti - 2-3 makilogalamu.
Mu zakudya ayenera kukhala zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimayambitsa mavitamini ndi mchere. Kaloti ndizo "malonda" kwambiri, chifukwa amasungidwa bwino ndipo ndi otchipa, ndipo ntchito zake sizomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kwa zipatso zambiri za nyengo ndi masamba oposa.
Ndikofunikira! Kaloti ali ndi vitamini A, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino.Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kavalo aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi briquette-lizun, yomwe ili ndi mchere wamchere.
Mutatha kuthana ndi chakudya, ndikuuzeni momwe mungadyetse kavalo komanso nthawi yanji.
Mtengo wa oats tsiku ndi tsiku umagawidwa mu magawo atatu ofanana ndipo amaperekedwa m'mawa, masana ndi madzulo. Hayi amapereka nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 4-5 nthawi. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti udzu uyenera kukhala osachepera 40% ya zakudya zonse.
Ngati hatchi ikugwira ntchito tsiku lonse, kudyetsa kumachitika maola awiri alionse. Panthawi yochepa yopuma, chakudya chodyetsa chimadyetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yayitali kapena kumapeto kwa ntchito, nyama imapatsidwa madzi ndi kudyetsa oats, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, kapena kuyang'ana.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo poyetsa oats kapena kuika, nyama imasowa mphindi.Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe mungadyetse kavalo. Pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika pamoyo, mukhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuwonjezera chakudya chilichonse chobiriwira chomwe nyamayo imakonda.
Momwe mungakonzekere madzi okwanira
Kusamalira mahatchi kumaphatikizapo kutsirira kwabwino ndi kwakanthaŵi yake, zomwe zimangokwaniritsa zosowa za madzi, komanso zimathandiza kuti mazira a akavalo akule chakudya chouma.
Nyama imayenera kupatsidwa 60-80 malita a madzi patsiku (malingana ndi katundu ndi kutentha).
Madzi ayenera kuperekedwa musanayambe kudya ndi oats kapena chakudya chamagulu. Ngati mphika wapadera wokhala mowa umayikidwa mu khola, musaiwale kusintha madzi mmenemo tsiku lililonse ndikukwera mmwamba ndi madzi abwino.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, kusowa kwa madzi kumawonjezeka, monga chakudya chouma chimakhala ndi chakudya.Kuthirira kumachitika asanadyetse, mu mpweya wabwino. Ngati chinyama chikukana madzi, ichi ndi chifukwa choyezetsa matenda.
Malangizo othandizira mahatchi
Tinagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za ndende komanso zakudya. Chotsatira, muyenera kufotokoza zachinsinsi za chisamaliro cha munthu aliyense, chomwe chimakhudzanso thanzi labwino ndi zinyama.
Kusamba ndi kusamba
Kuphatikiza pa kuyeretsa koyeretsedwa mu khola, nyama iliyonse imayenera kuyeretsa ubweya ndi kusamba iyo kusamba kuti iteteze ku matenda a khungu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma bwanji kutsuka kavalo? Kusamba sopo nthawi zonse kapena shampu yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Choyamba, detergent imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ubweya wonse, kuphatikizapo mchira ndi mane. Kenaka mukhoza kupita ndi burashi kuchotsa miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso zowonongeka. Pukutani chithovu ayenera kutentha kwa madzi kuchokera payipi kapena kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kutsukitsa bwinobwino mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwinamwake kukwiya kapena kusuta sopo / shampoo ikhoza kuchitika.
Ndibwino kuti mupange njira zamadzi osachepera 1 pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, tiyenera kukhala osamala, ngati kusiyana kwa madzi otentha ndi mpweya wozizira kungayambitse chimfine.
Monga mukudziwira, nkofunika kuyeretsa kavalo kuti mukhale ndi maonekedwe abwino ndikuchotseratu zinyalala pa malaya, kotero tikuuzani momwe mungachitire bwino.
Kuyambira kale, makolo athu akhala akuswana nyama zosiyanasiyana: mbuzi, nkhosa, gobies, akalulu.
Kuyeretsa kwa kavalo kumayamba kuchokera kumutu, kenako kumapita kumapewa, kufota ndi miyendo. Pamene mukuphwanya, kukwapula khungu la kavalo, kuyesera kupeza zowonda kapena zilonda. Ndondomekoyi sizongotonthoza zinyama zokhazokha, komanso zimakupatsani zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi thanzi lake. Gwiritsani ntchito kuyeretsa Zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- burashi;
- bulashi bristled yofewa;
- brush yaitali tsitsi kapena mane ndi mchira chisa;
- Siponji 2;
- nsalu kapena ragi wina aliyense.
Mosiyana ndi kusamba, kuyeretsa kumachitika chaka chonse. Yesetsani kukhala osamala panthawiyi, mwinamwake hatchi imamva kupweteka ndipo idzawopa njira zoterozo kapena zingakuvulazeni.
Kuwombera ndi kusamalira ziboda
Poyambirira, ndi kofunika kumvetsetsa pamene kuli koyenera kugubuduza kavalo.
- Nyama imagwira ntchito pa nthaka yolimba.
- Kavalo ankanyamula katundu
- Kavalo ali ndi matenda aliwonse a ziboda
- Kukhalabe mawonekedwe ndi ntchito
Ndikofunikira! Kuwombera kavalo kokha kokha khalani katswiri, chifukwa nsomba zapamwamba zokhomedwa pamtanda zingathe kufooketsa chiweto chanu kapena kuti zikhale zosatheka kuyenda. Choncho, musayesetse kapena kuyesa dzanja lanu pa izi popanda kukhala ndi chidziwitso choyenera ndi chidziwitso.
Pokhala ndi kavalo wa akavalo, taonani momwe mungasamalire nsombazo, ndi mahatchi ndipo popanda iwo.
Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuyang'ana zibodazo, kuwayeretsa ku dothi kapena miyala, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, perekani mafuta odzola. Pakatha masabata asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera pa ziboda, m'pofunika kuchotsa minofu ya regrown, kuti pasakhale malo.
Ndibwino kuti aphunzitse mwanayo kuti azidyetsa miyendo kuti ayesedwe kuyambira ali wamng'ono, mwinamwake m'tsogolomu mudzayenera kugwira ntchito yazomwe mumakhala bwino pofufuza kapena kuyendetsa bwino.
Musaiwale za kuyitana veterinarian kuti muyese kafukufuku, chifukwa matenda aliwonse omwe amagwirizana ndi miyendo ndi ovuta kuyang'ana pachiyambi, popanda maphunziro kapena chidziwitso chofunikira.
Mukudziwa? Anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mahatchi pankhondo ku Mesopotamia m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. M'zaka za m'ma BC BC. ndipo adawonekeranso amuna okwera pamahatchi.
Mmene mungasamalire mano anu
Mofanana ndi ziboda, dokotala wodwala yekha amatha kudziwa molondola momwe amachitira mano komanso kukhalapo kwa mavuto alionse. Ndikofunika kumuimbira kuti aone ngati mliri wamlomo uliwonse miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi chaka. Wakale kavalo, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kutcha veterinarian.
Tilembera makhalidwe omwe amasonyeza mavuto a mano:
- kusadziletsa pakamwa;
- kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono kapena kukana kwathunthu chakudya;
- nyama imaluma kapena imatchera pang'ono;
- kumbuyo kwa kavalo kuli kovuta kwambiri.
Zochiritsira zanyama
Nyama iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za moyo, mtundu ndi zakudya zimayenera katemera matenda ena.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa kuti muwathandize nyama: Amprolium, Nitoks 200, Solikox, Gammatonic, Baytril, Enroksil, E selenium.
1. Katemera motsutsana ndi anthrax. Ndondomekoyi imachitika chaka ndi chaka ndipo ndi odwala okhaokha. Palibe katemera waufulu, kotero kuti simungapeze katemera nokha.
2. Kafukufuku pa SAP, INAN, matenda a matenda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pachaka, monga mndandandawu umatchula matenda owopsa kwambiri opatsirana.
3. Katemera motsutsana ndi leptospirosis. Maphunziro a matendawa ndi katemerawa amachitidwa motere: kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, kuyesa magazi kumachitika m'minda yoweta; Yambani kutsogolo musanayambe kutumiza / kutengera nyama; ndi kukayikira leptospirosis.
4. Katemera wolimbana ndi fuluwenza. Amachitidwa kamodzi pachaka mutatha kuchipatala kawiri kapena katatu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali katemera wambiri wotsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo ndi bwino kuti tipeze vet kuti tiwathandize.
5. Katemera motsutsana ndi dermatophytosis. Nyama zimatemera kamodzi pachaka, kuwonjezera pa kukonza koyambirira, komwe kumachitika patapita masabata awiri. Kuti mutenge njirayi, muyenera kuitana dokotala, mwinamwake mungapeze katemera olakwika, kapena muzilitseni molakwika.
6. Katemera motsutsana ndi rhinopneumonia. Malingana ndi derali, katemera wotsutsa matendawa akhoza kuvomerezedwa kapena pempho la mwiniwakeyo. Однако если вы планируете разведение лошадей в домашних условиях, тогда проведение процедуры является обязательным. Ринопневмония является частой причиной выкидышей на поздних сроках беременности.
7.Вакцинация против столбняка. Ngati katemera wotumizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti ndondomeko iyenera kuchitika kamodzi pa zaka 2-3, ngati pakhomo, kamodzi pakatha zaka 3-5. Katemera wotsutsa matendawa ndi ovomerezeka, mosasamala kanthu za dera kapena zinyama.
8. Katemera woteteza matenda a chiwewe. Sikoyenera, koma ziyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kupewa nyama yambiri. Chofunika kwambiri kwa minda yomwe ili m'madera okhala ndi chilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kavalo wanu atenga nawo mpikisano, ndiye cheke ikuchitika kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Pali katemera ochuluka omwe akufunikira kuti chiwonongeko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamatha "kugwira" pamene tikuyanjana ndi ziweto, kotero pochita mahatchi, muyenera kutsimikiziranso ndi vet.
Malamulo onse otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi ndi ofunika kwambiri pochita mahatchi. Kuwasamalira, yesetsani kupereka chinyama chinthu chokoma, kutenga nthawi zambiri paulendo, ndipo mutha kupeza bwenzi labwino lomwe mungakondwere naye.
