Katsitsumzukwa - chomera chodzala ndi chodziwika kwa munda aliyense.
Ku Ulaya, dziko lapansi linayamba kuonekera zaka zopitirira mazana awiri zapitazo.
Koma zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, katsitsumzukwa kamene kanakudziwika kwenikweni - kumapezeka panyumba pafupifupi aliyense wolima.
Koma lero malo a chomera chodabwitsa ichi sagwedezeka konse.
Mu maonekedwe, katsitsumzukwa kakufanana ndi fern, koma kwenikweni imayimira banja la katsitsumzukwa.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ina ya katsitsumzukwa, yomwe imatchedwa katsitsumzukwa ikhoza kudyedwa. Monga lamulo, iwo amakula pamadera apadera ngati chomera cha masamba. Mphukira yachitsamba cha chomera ichi ndi edible ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya katsitsumzukwa kamene imadziwika ndi sayansi, koma ndi ochepa okha omwe ali oyenera kukula kunyumba.
Mavuto abwino a katsitsumzukwa kunyumba
Chofunika kwambiri cha katsitsumzukwa ndiko kumusamalira kunyumba. Yesetsani kupereka "wokhalamo" wokhala ndi zovuta zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, ndipo musaiwale za kuthirira kwa nthawi yake. Koma kuti mukhale wokongola ndi wobiriwira, tsatirani malamulo ena, ndi kuzungulira chomeracho mosamala.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Malo abwino oika katsitsumzukwa m'chipinda ndiwindo lawindo lawindo, lomwe liri kumpoto chakumadzulo kapena kumpoto chakummawa.
Katsitsumzukwa - chomera chokonda kwambiri. Ngati chipinda chili kumbali yakum'mwera, mphika uyenera kuikidwa pambali pawindo. M'nyengo yozizira, katsitsumzukwa ka mkati kamakhala kopanda kuwala kwachirengedwe, kotero pa nthawi ino ya chaka iyenera kuyendetsedwa pafupi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Kulima kwachilendo ndi malo abwino kwa chomera ichi. Pambuyo pogulidwa kapena pambuyo pa nthawi yonse, mbewuyo siidakonzedwe kuti ikhale ndi kuwala kwakukulu.
M'malo mwake, katsitsumzukwa kakuyenera kukonzedwa. Gawo lachidule. Ikani malo pamalo amdima ndipo pang'onopang'ono muyandikire pafupi ndi magetsi. Ngati mwasankha kuika katsitsumzukwa kumalo kapena kumunda kwa chilimwe, musaiwale kutenga masiku angapo kuti musinthe ndi kuzoloŵera chomera.
Mavuto otentha
Ponena za ulamuliro wa kutentha kwa katsitsumzukwa, m'nyengo yotentha, chizindikiro chosavuta kwambiri chidzakhala kuyambira +22 mpaka +25 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumakhala pakati pa +12 ndi +15 ° C. Kutentha kwa "mitengo ya Khirisimasi yosavuta" sikulekerera, motero nthawi yotentha yotentha amafunikira kuwombera zina ndi kupopera mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madigiri 0 m'nyengo yozizira kungachititse kuti zimayambira masamba onse a singano.
Mbali yosamalira katsitsumzukwa katsitsimutso kakukula
Katsitsumzukwa kumafunika koyenera, kupopera mankhwala nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati chomeracho chidzakula ngati maluwa okongoletsera mkati, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuchita popanda kukonzekera mbewu. Komanso musaiwale za kutentha mu chipinda, chiwerengero chake chiyenera kukhala 18 ° C.
Kuthirira bwino nthawi zosiyanasiyana
Pamene mukusamalira katsitsumzukwa, musaiwale kuti chomeracho chimakhala chinyezi kwambiri komanso nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito nyengo (kumayambiriro kasupe - m'mawa) amafunikira madzi okwanira ndi ochuluka. Iyenera kuthiriridwa kasachepera katatu pamlungu ndi madzi omwe anakonzedweratu kwa tsiku.
Kuthirira katsitsumzukwa kumafuna madzi ochulukirapo omwe potsowa madzi okwanira pamwambapo akhoza kuuma ndipo pakati ndi zakuya zigawo zidakali zowonongeka.
Kuyanika kwa nthaka kuyenera kupeŵedwa, ndipo kuchepa kwa madzi mu sump sayenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zingachititse kuvunda kwa mizu. Sungani chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku poto pafupi theka la ola mutatha kuthirira.
Ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn ayenera pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira. M'nthawi yamasiku, nthawi imene mphukira imakhala pansi imayikidwa mukatikati mwa mphika, nthaka chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika. Kuti akwaniritse vutoli, zangokwanira kusamba katsitsumzukwa kosaposa 2 pa sabata.
Ndikofunikira! Mu kugwa, gwiritsani ntchito njira yochepetsera madzi: imaphatikiza kuthira madzi osati mu mphika wokha, koma mu poto. Chinthu chachikulu - musaiwale kuti zitsimikizirani kukhetsa madzi owonjezera.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Katsitsumzukwa kokonda khungu kamakhala bwino mu chipinda chokhala ndi msinkhu wambiri. Ngati mumatsuka botolo lake tsiku ndi tsiku, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo ayankha izi. Zoterezi zidzawonekera polimbikitsa mtundu wa masamba ndi kuwonjezera korona.
Ngati chomeracho chili mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, ndiye kuti mkhalidwewo ukhoza kuwongolera bwino ndi chithandizo cha phala. Lembani ndi mchenga wonyezimira kapena miyala yowonongeka ndikuyika chophika chomera pamenepo. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mvula yonyowa ngati madzi okwanira, koma pakadali pano ndikofunikira kukumbukira za kufunika kwa malo ake pachaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kuwonjezera chinyezi mu chipinda mothandizidwa ndi kawirikawiri akhoza - kungodzaza ndi madzi ndikuyiyika pafupi ndi katsitsumzukwa.
Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza pamwamba pa nthaka
Katsitsumzukwa kokhala ndi zofunikira nthaka yosavuta, yachonde, yosasunthika komanso yosagwirizana. Pankhaniyi, katsitsumzukwa ndi chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri, chifukwa nthaka yolima imayendetsedwa kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, ingotengani mbali ziwiri za humus ndikuonjezerani izi mulu umodzi wa mtsinje wa mchenga ndi masamba.
Komanso, alimi amapanga nthaka yosakaniza kuchokera ku nthaka yobiriwira, nthaka ya mchenga ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Ngati sizingatheke kuti dothi lizisakanikirana, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito chipinda cham'mwamba chonse, chimene chimagulitsidwa ku sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa. 
Kukula katsitsumzukwa kumafuna nthawi zonse feteleza:
- Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yachisanu (vegetative), katsitsumzukwa kakuyenera kudyetsedwa masabata awiri alionse ndi njira zowonjezera feteleza zamadzimadzi (mwachitsanzo, "Rainbow" kapena "Hyacinth"). Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira mlingo womwe watchulidwa mu malangizo a mankhwala enaake.
- Mu mphika ku katsitsumzukwa kamodzi pamlungu, mukhoza kuwonjezera zapadera za feteleza kapena zamchere zomwe zimapangidwira zomera zamkati.
- Kusakanikirana kwa dothi limodzi ndi zitosi za mbalame m'nyengo ya chilimwe zimapereka kuchuluka kwa thanzi, mphukira zazing'ono.
- Nthawi zonse kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa a mphukira kukula kukula Mphukira "Bud" kusungunuka m'madzi (1 gm ya mankhwala pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi) adzapanga katsitsumzukwa korona wathanzi, mwatsopano ndi yowala kwambiri.
Konzani kudulira
Katsitsumzukwa kathanzi sakusowa kudulira. Kumbukirani kuti kudulira mphukira zabwino za mbewu kungathe kulepheretsa kukula.
Sakanizani ngati mphukira yonyezimira komanso yonyezimira ikuwonekera, komanso kuchotsani mphukira iliyonse. Kudulira kumathandizira kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Katsitsumzukwa kudulira kawirikawiri kumachitidwa kasupe, panthawi imodzimodzi ndi kumuika kwa chomera.
Mukudziwa? Ambiri akale chikhalidwe amaonedwa kuti katsitsumzukwa mankhwala pharmacy wamba, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa asparagus.
Kubwezeretsa ndi kusakaniza kusakaniza
Pambuyo pake pamene chomeracho chimakafika zaka zisanu kuziika kumachitika pachaka. Pakadutsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, mizuyi sichikulirakulira komanso Katsitsumzukwa kamakonzedwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Pakuika, m'pofunika kuchepetsa mizu ya mbewu pang'ono. Nthaka yosakaniza yofunikira kuti mbewu ikhale yokonzeka. Kuti muchite izi, ingosakanizani zigawo zotsatirazi: dothi la sod, nyemba zamasamba ndi mchenga.
Musaiwale kusakaniza nthaka yabwino. Ikani zowonjezera pansi pa mphika ndikuzidzaza ndi kusakaniza kwa nthaka. Kusakaniza koteroko kuyenera kukhala ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wa mtsinje ndi magawo awiri a nthaka yochepa.
Pambuyo pomaliza kwa transplantation, katsitsumzukwa ayenera madzi ambiri, ndipo patatha sabata kudyetsedwa.
Mutabzala, samalani mpweya wokwanira - izi ndizofunika kuteteza acidification ya nthaka.
Kubzalanso katsitsumzukwa kunyumba
Kudzala katsitsumzukwa kumaphatikizapo njira zitatu zazikulu. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi alimi ogwira ntchito ndi oyamba kumene. Chinthu chawo chachikulu ndi chakuti onse amakhala pakhomo.
Chigawo cha Rhizome
Pa chaka chotsitsa katsitsumzukwa katsitsidwe, malinga ndi kukula kwake, Mmerawo ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Pambuyo pake, amatha kumalo okwera otsika. Lamulo lalikulu - pamene mukugawa, musaiwale kudula gawo la katsitsumzukwa, monga mizu. Njira yotereyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa katsitsumzukwa.
Tsinde la cuttings
Njira yoberekera ikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Dulani maluwawo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10 m'litali. Mtsinje wa rooting umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti uzule cuttings.
Komanso, chidebe chokhala ndi cuttings chiyenera kukhala ndi polyethylene pofuna kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Pambuyo pake, chidebecho chimayikidwa pamalo okongola ndi kutentha kwa +20 mpaka +22 ° C. Musaiwale kuti mlengalenga ndiyambitsitseni tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zonsezi, ndondomeko ya rooting imatenga pafupifupi masiku 30. Pambuyo pake, katsitsumzukwa chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo osatha.
Mukudziwa? Katsitsumzukwa kamasinthasintha mosavuta ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kufalikira kwachangu kufulumire. Ntchito yofalitsa katsitsumzukwa kuzungulira dziko lapansi imatsogoleredwa ndi mbalame, zomwe zimadya zipatso za zomera ndikufesa mbewu kwa makilomita mazana.
Njira ya Mbewu
Pambuyo popanga mafuta, katsitsumzukwa kamapanga zipatso zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu. Pofuna kumera chomera cholimba, kufesa mbewu ziyenera kupangidwa mwamsanga mutatha kukolola. Kawirikawiri, mbewu zimakololedwa kuyambira mu January mpaka March.
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yobzala iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi mchenga wa mtsinje ndi peat. Kusakaniza kwadothi kuyenera kuthirira bwino, ndipo pambuyo pake mu nthaka yothira kale yofesa mbewu.
Kenaka chidebecho ndi mbewu zomwe zili ndi filimuyi ndikuyika pamalo ozizira ndi kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C. Mafilimu akugwa pa filimuyo amasonyeza kuti mbewu zimayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka pamalo odzala.
Pambuyo pake zimatha kufika masentimita 10 mu msinkhu, zimafunikira swoop pansi (kuikidwa ndi mizu). Monga lamulo, zomera zazikulu zimaikidwa pamalo atsopano mu June.
Katsitsumzukwa ndimasangalatsa kwenikweni kwa wamaluwa. Sonyezani chidwi chake, ndipo chomeracho chidzakondweretsa inu ndi okondedwa anu!
