Mitundu yamafuta apricot: kubzala komanso kusamalira

Mitundu ya apricot Dessertny idalandidwa ndikuyang'anira ntchito yosankhidwa, yomwe ikuyang'ana pakupanga mitundu yoyenera kulimidwa kumadera apakati Russia. Mukasamala moyenera njira zamalimidwe polimitsa apurikoti mu ziweto zapakhomo, mutha kupeza zipatso zambiri zonunkhira.

Kufotokozera kwa Dessert Apricot

Wolemba kulengedwa kwa mitundu ya Desertny ndi a A.N. Venyaminov, yemwe adachita ntchito zoweta zambiri mothandizana ndi L.A. Dolmatova ku Voronezh Agricultural Institute. Kutengera mitundu ya masankhidwe a Michurinsky adatengedwa - Best Michurinsky ndi Comrade. Mafuta osakanikirana ndi mitundu iyi anali mungu wochokera ku Western Europe - Louise. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino ndi zoyambira komanso kuti zikhale ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira komanso kukoma kwabwino.

Mitundu ya mchere imafika mpaka 5m kutalika

Mitengo mpaka 5 m kutalika imadziwika ndi kukula kwamphamvu. Amapanga korona wakuda wozungulira. Ngakhale zimakana kukana kuzizira, masamba a maluwa amatha kudwala masika usiku wozizira. Kubala mutabzala kumawonedwa pakapita zaka 4.

Kulemera kwa mchere umodzi wa apricot kumatha kufika 30 g

Mitundu yamkati yamaluwa opepuka a lalanje ndi khungu loonda imakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Kulemera kwakukulu nthawi imodzi kumafikira 30 g. Amalekerera mayendedwe bwino. Fupa latsika. Ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono komanso kulemera kwapakati pa 2.5 g.

Mitundu ya Dessert yasunga zothandiza ma apulosi ena. Muli ma acid - citric, malic, ascorbic. Ma apricots ali ndi phindu pa ntchito zamtima chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa potaziyamu mwa iwo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, chifukwa zamkati zimakhala ndi pangamic acid, kapena vitamini B₁₅. Komanso, wowuma, inulin, carotene, zinthu za pectin amapezeka pakuphatikizika. Kuphatikiza pa kudya zatsopano, zipatso za ma apricot zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kupanikizana, kupanikizana, compote.

Apurikoti "Zakudya". Pankhani ya kukoma, m'malingaliro anga, zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimatha kulimidwa m'matawuni. Mtengo udapulumuka nyengo yozizira ya 2006, inde, ndizowonongeka, nthawi yotentha idabwezeretseka ndipo mpaka chaka chino chaka chilichonse ndi zokolola zochuluka. Nthambi zolemetsa mbewuzo "zigonere" pansi ..., kuti muchepetse nthawi yopuma, muyenera kupanga kukhwima ... Kucha zipatso kumayambiriro, mtengo umakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera yozizira. Tsoka ilo, chaka chino si chake ... kasupeyu sanamlole kuti awulule zomwe angathe kuchita. Mwina muyenera kukonzekera kukolola kwakukulu 2015. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, gawo lakum'mwera la mtengowo limakhala labwinobwino, ndipo nthawi zonse zokolola zimachulukana kuposa mitengo yomwe imayatsidwa dzuwa. Ndikuganiza kuti ndikuti maluwa amatuluka pang'ono kumayamba mochedwerapo kuposa ena ndikuchitika m'malo abwino.

Igor Ivanov

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Kudzala mchere wa Apricot

Mukabzala apurikoti, kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwabwino kopulumuka, zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika.

Kusankha mbande

Zomera zobzala ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi njira zingapo:

• Mizu yokhazikitsidwa bwino mu mmera, wopangidwa ndi mizu yayikulu komanso 2 kapena 3 popanda kuwonongeka komanso kutalika pafupifupi 25 cm.
• Thunthu loyera, kupezeka kwa chingamu kumakhala kovomerezeka pamakungwa ake.
• Kukhalapo kwa kukulira pa tsinde, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mmera wadutsa njira ya katemera. Imayamba kubala zipatso mwachangu ndikuwatsimikizira kuti ilandiridwa zipatso zogwirizana ndi mitundu, mosiyana ndi mbande.
• Zaka za mmera, zofanana ndi zaka ziwiri.
• Kutalika kosiyana kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.5 m.
  

  Zaka zodzala zikuyenera kukhala zaka ziwiri

Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba

Apricot Dessert amafunika malo abwino. Mtengo umakonda dothi lotayirira:

• kupepuka
• sandam loam;
• khalani ndi chidwi.

Sayenera kukhala acidic. Chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri ndi pH7. Kukula kofowoka kwa mbande kumawonedwa m'malo otsika ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kudzikundikira mpweya wozizira. Njira yabwino ikakhala yoteteza kumphepo zamphamvu, makamaka kumpoto.

Kukumba maenje obwera

Kukonzekera maenje obzala apricot kumayamba kugwa. Mukamapangira zolemba zawo, kumbukirani kuti mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala 6 m, ndipo mzere - mamita 4. Kukula kwa dzenje kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa mizu ndikuphatikiza malire ochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kuya kwake ndi 70 cm ndi zofananira zofananira ndi kutalika.

Kukula kwa dzenje la apricot kumayang'ana kukula kwa mizu yake

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Mbali yakumtunda ikumba kukumba maenje akuyika payokha. Onjezerani manyowa kuti awononge - chidebe cha mmera uliwonse. Ngati dothi ndi dongo, pangani mchenga. Ziwerengero zake zikuyenera kukhala zofanana. Thirani 30 g wa potaziyamu mchere ndi 100 g ya superphosphate mu dzenje limodzi.

Gawo lapansi lakutidwa ndi kanema kuti lisaume.

Tikufika

Kumapeto kwa Epulo, miyala yokhala ndi miyala yoyaka imayikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo ndipo dothi lokonzekereralo limathiridwa ngati fomu. Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziyikidwe kwa maola 10 mu njira yothetsera mizu yothandizira, mwachitsanzo, Epina. Chepetsa mankhwala mogwirizana ndi malangizo.

Mwala wosemedwa umayikidwa pansi pa dzenje

Mmera umakhazikika molunjika, kufalitsa mizu, ndikudzaza zolowa, mukumanga gawo lililonse ndi dzanja lanu. Amaonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu ndi lokwera masentimita 5 kuposa nthaka popeza nthaka imangowonjezereka, ndiye kuti khosi la mizu lidzakhala pamlingo wa nthaka, chifukwa chomwe mbewuyo singakhale yozama kwambiri.

Mmera umakhazikika mokhazikika mdzenje lobzala.

Zochita pambuyo pofika

Mzere wothirira umapangidwa panthaka, ndikuthira dothi lozungulira m'mbali mwake. Kutsirira kumachitika, ndikuyembekeza kuti pa apricot iliyonse mufunika zidebe ziwiri za madzi. Kenako pamwamba pa thunthu ndi mulched. Khomalo limakodwa mu nthaka ndipo ma apricot obzala amamangiriridwa.

Kubzala mu kasupe kumapereka masinthidwe abwino ndi mmera. Chomera chaching'ono chizikhala ndi nthawi yolimba nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, yomwe imakhala chitsimikizo cha nyengo yachisanu yopambana.

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Ma apricot opaka ndiwo amtundu wazopatsa thanzi. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha pollinator yokhala ndi nyengo yofananira ya maluwa kuti ipange zipatso. Mitundu yolimba kwambiri nthawi yozizira ndi yoyenera izi:

• Chiwerewere;
• Ana
• Lel.

Ma apulosi otsekemera amatha kubzala palokha popanda nthangala, amatengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zazikulu, zopsa.

Apurikoti atha kukhala wamkulu pambewu

Ndondomeko

1. Mbewu zimatsukidwa kuchokera pa zamkati ndikuuma.
2. Popeza kuti kumera mafupa amafunika kudutsa nthawi yosinthika (kukhudzana ndi kutentha kwina), zotchingira zimakonzedwa momwe chidutswa cha njerwa zosweka chiikidwa.
3. Mbewu zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga wonyowa ndikuyika chidebe chokonzedwa.
4. Kuchokera kumwamba imatsekedwa kuti iteteze motsutsana ndi makoswe, ndikuyika pansi. Ngati pali mbewu zochepa, zimayikidwa limodzi ndi mchenga muchikwama cha pulasitiki ndikusungidwa mufiriji.

Mbewu za apricot zosakanizika ndi mchenga wonyowa ndikudikirira mbande

M'mwezi wa Epulo, amakumba chiwembu chobzala, kuwonjezera pa 1 mita² theka chidebe cha kompositi. 50 superphosphate ndi 30 g ya ammonium nitrate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu nawonso amawonjezeredwa. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, onjezani 60 g wa laimu. Mbewu zolandirira mbande, zomwe zimakonzedweranso malo ena, zimayikidwa mu malo okukhalamo, mtunda pakati pake uyenera kukhala 40 cm.Pakati pazipatso ndi masentimita 15. Mafupa amatha kubzala pomwepo pamalo osatha. Zikakhala choncho, mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 50 cm. Mphukira yachinyamata ndikutulutsa tsamba lachisanu ndi gawo limodzi ndi Thiophos. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa, namsongole ndikuchotsedwa.

Zochita za dessert apricot care zimaphatikizaponso zinthu izi:

• Mukukula kwakubzala katatu, kupangira chilichonse m² Malita 48 amadzi. M'nyengo yotentha ndi youma, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachuluka.
• Kupanga korona, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuchotsa nthambi zosweka, zouma komanso zowonjezera.
• Mitengo imadyetsedwa munthawi yake, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Chisanu chikasungunuka nthawi yachilimwe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amawonjezeredwa. 200 g wa urea kapena nitrate amabalalika pansi pa mtengo uliwonse, kenako kuthirira kumachitika. Mutha kuthira feteleza wama mineral ndi organic, mutatenga ndowe za mbalame, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 10. Pansi pa mtengo uliwonse, malita 15 a michere amathiridwa. Kuvala kwachiwiri kwamasika kumachitika kumapeto kwa maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amabalalitsa mtengo kuzungulira phulusa la lita.
  

  Apurikoti amafunika kudulira nthawi zonse

M'nyengo yotentha, 2 tbsp. l phosphorous ndi potashi feteleza. Mu nthawi yophukira, munthawi yomweyo ndikumasulira nthaka, 125 g ya superphosphate 40 g ya potaziyamu wa potaziyamu amamwazikana pansi pa chomera chilichonse.

Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, chakudya chikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu:

• Masamba okugwa. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti atenthedwe, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amayala zinyalala za manyowa.
• Pukulani mosasunthika ndikuwazunguliza mizere yozungulira.
• Chitani zodulira mwaukhondo.
• Kutsatsa kwa prophylactic kwa korona kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Fundfole.
• Mitengo ikuluikulu imaphatikizidwa ndi yankho la laimu.
• Thirani ndi mulch kuchokera ku peat kapena kompositi ndi dothi lakuchulukirapo kuzinthu zikuluzikulu pafupifupi 15 cm.
• Zinthu zofunda kapena zinthu zina zotenthetsera kutentha zimakulungidwa kuzungulira tsinde la apricots ang'ono. Mutha kuwaphimba ndi nthambi za spruce ndikuwaphimba ndi nsalu yopanda nsalu. Mitengo yokhwima nthawi zambiri imakhala yozizira.
  

  Ndikwabwino kubisa apricots ang'onoang'ono kuti nthawi yozizira atiteteze kuzizira

Tizilombo zazikulu za apricot ndikulimbana nazo

Ngakhale kuthira kwa Dessert kosiyana ndi tizirombo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mitengo pafupipafupi kuti musaphonye zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda. Pali mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo tomwe titha kuwononga mbewu:

• Ndondomeko yaula. Mapaka amphaka, kudya zamkati mwa zipatso, amatha kuchepetsa zipatso. Kuti muthane nawo, mkati mwa Julayi, kutsitsi la Entobacterin komwe kuli ndende ya 0,5% kumachitika.
• Leafloader. Mu kasupe, mbozi zimadya masamba achichepere ndi masamba. Spani mbewuzo masamba asanatsegule ndi Nitrafen, ataphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 2%.
• Ma nsabwe. Tizilombo toyamwa, tomwe tikuyamwa timasamba, tokhala ndi chotupa chachikulu chimafooketsa mitengo. Pakukonzedwa, Metaphos imathandizira pozungulira 1.5%.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Tizilombo ta Apricot

Matenda akuluakulu a apurikoti ndi njira zowathetsera

Mwa matenda omwe amapezeka pa Dessert ya apricot, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:

• Cytosporosis. Pokana ndi nthendayi ya fungus, pachizindikiro choyamba, madzi a Bordeaux amagwiritsidwa ntchito - 4%. Nthambi zowonongeka zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
• Kuyaka kwamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri imawoneka ozizira komanso chinyezi chachikulu. Korona amafakidwa ndi Topazi, ndikuchotsa mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa.
• Maonekedwe a bulauni. Matendawa amayambitsa kuuma masamba, omwe amayamba kugwa molawirira. Mtengo umathandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi a Bordeaux - 4%.

Monga njira yothanirana ndi matenda, kuyeretsa kwake kwa masamba, zipatso, nthambi. Kuvala kwapafupipafupi, kudulira ukhondo, ndi kuchulukana kwa zochulukirapo kumathandizira kuti matenda a mitengo asagonje. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira yothanirana ndi mitengo ndi 2% yankho la Nitrafen kapena 0,4% Kuprozan musanaphule. Nthawi yakula, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Kuprozan kumachitika mobwerezabwereza, ndipo 0,5% yankho la Phthalazan ndi Tsineba imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Matenda a Apricot

Maganizo a Dessert Golubev osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza Dessert

Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo komanso malo olimbitsa thupi a Saratov A. M. Golubev adayamba kuwereketsa chakumapeto kwa zaka 70-80 za zana lomaliza, mbande zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachokera kumwera.

Zotsatira zake, adasankha mitundu iwiri yapamwamba, yomwe idalandira mayina ogwira ntchito a Dessert ndi Canning. Anakhala opereka zitsanzo zina - Kolobok, Farao, Original. Kuti athetse chisokonezo ndi kupezeka kwa ma Dessert osiyanasiyana a Apricot a Venyaminov, Alexander Mikhailovich adasinthanso mitundu yake kukhala Dessert Golubev. Wopereka wamtunduwu amapereka kukoma kwa choyambirira ndi chipatso.

Dessert yama Apurikoti, yomwe imalimidwa m'malo ogulitsira chilimwe ndi malo okhala nyengo yabwino, imabala zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimacha mwachindunji pamtengowo. Ndikusankha bwino kubzala komanso kukonza chisamaliro, anthu ambiri adzapulumuke ndi kukolola koyenera.