Dzungu ndi masamba abwino kwambiri omwe ayenera kumera m'munda uliwonse. Kodi ndikofunika bwanji kukonzekera njere? Kodi kukula mbande chikhalidwe? Mayankho a mafunso awa m'nkhani ino.
Dzungu - Chomera chakale cha herbaceous, chomwe chinabweretsedwa kwa ife kuchokera ku America. Khalani dzungu chifukwa cha chipatso chake. Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, dzungu liri ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mtundu.
Zothandiza za dzungu
- Nkhumba za mankhwala a zitsamba zouma, ndiye mafuta amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Mbeu za dzungu zimakhala ndi mavitamini ochepa, mavitamini E, amatha kupeza zinthu za potaziyamu, zamkuwa, zinki, manganese, selenium, ndi zina zotero, mapuloteni ndi shuga.
- Mphungu ya dzungu imakhala ndi mapepala a peptide omwe amathandiza kuti thupi likhale lokhazikika komanso kuchotsedwa kwa poizoni m'matumbo.
- Ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito dzungu kwa anthu odwala kwambiri kunenepa: masamba otsika kwambiri; Vitamini T, yomwe ili mu dzungu, imathandizira kufulumizitsa kuchepa kwa thupi ndi kuyamwa chakudya mofulumira; katundu wa diuretic wa dzungu amatsimikizira kuchotsa madzi owonjezera kuchokera mu thupi.
- Kwa matenda a impso, dzungu limalimbikitsidwa ngati diuretic.
- Dzungu ndi lolemera mu beta-carotene ndi lutein, zomwe zimapindulitsa pa masomphenya a anthu.
Mbali za kukula kwa maungu
Dzungu ikhoza kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka, ndipo ingabzalidwe kudzera mu mbande. Koposa zonse, zimakula m'madera otentha kwambiri. Kukonzekera dothi kubzala maungu kumayamba kugwa. Pambuyo pokolola zotsamba zamatumba, nthaka imamasulidwa ku namsongole ndi zotsalira zamasamba.
Nthaka itamasulidwa ndi mphero kapena thumba, masabata awiri kapena atatu amakumba mpaka 25-30 masentimita mozama. Pakumba, mizu ya dandelion, nthula, wheatgrass, mphutsi za cockchafer ndi wireworm ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala pa webusaitiyi.
Manyowa amalowa m'nthaka nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa pamwamba ndi ziwalo zapansi, dzungu liri ndi chosowa chochuluka cha zakudya.
Manyowa opangira (pa dothi lolemera) kapena 15-20 masentimita (pamtunda wowala) amaikidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 10-15. Ndi zochepa zokha za feteleza, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo musanabzala mbewu mwachindunji.
Tsiku loyamba kubzala dzungu, amakumba nthaka, nayitrogeni feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba pa mlingo wa 15-20 magalamu a feteleza pa 1 sq. Mita. Pambuyo kukumba derali lakhala lokhazikika ndi kuyamba kubzala mbande kapena kubzala mbewu.
Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya mitengo ya zipatso.
Nkhani yosangalatsa yodzala munda //rusfermer.net/sad/plodoviy/posadka-sada.
Malangizo a chisamaliro cha munda pano.
Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya mitengo ya zipatso.Timabzala mbewu za dzungu
Pofuna kubzala mbewu za dzungu, ndi bwino kusankha mbeu zolemera zonse zomwe zimayenera kutenthedwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 60 (maola 2-3). Izi ndi zofunika kuti abwenzi amere mbande. Kuonetsetsa kuti kumera kumayambiriro, kuti amvetsetse chikhalidwe kuti awononge chilengedwe, mbewu zomwe zisanafese zimayikidwa tsiku limodzi mu njira yothetsera zowawa:
- Krezacin yothetsera - piritsila piritsi imodzi yogwiritsa ntchito stimulator ndi 100 ml ya madzi;
- yankho la potassium humate - kuchepetsa ndi 4 ml ya stimulator mu 200 ml madzi;
- Njira ya Epine - madontho 2-7 a stimulant pa 100 ml ya madzi.
Ngati mulibe mankhwalawa, mungagwiritse ntchito phulusa kuti mutenge nyemba zamagazi: 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda, tengani supuni ziwiri za phulusa, tsatirani tsiku limodzi, nthawi zonse yesani yankho lanu, kenaka fulani ndi kuthira mbewu mu thumba la gauze. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimatsuka ndi madzi.
Mbeu ikatha, mukhoza kuyamba kumera kapena kumera. Mukhoza kumera mbeu zamagazi m'nyumba mwa kuzikulunga mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza izi ndikuziika mu sauvu.
Pamalo mungathe kumera mbeu za dzungu mu bokosi lomwe lili ndi utuchi wonyezimira. Phulani mapepala a mapepala pamatope (mvula) m'magawo 23, pa iwo - mbewu za dzungu, kenako zikhomo, kenako ziwonetseni zamadzi ndi kuphimba chirichonse ndi filimu. Bokosi limasiyidwa m'malo otentha.
Nthawi yolima mbewu
Malinga ndi zikhalidwe za mitundu ya dzungu, komanso za nyengo za dera, pali mawu osiyana chifukwa chodzala chikhalidwe. Kubzala kwa bokosi lalikulu ndi lalikulu kumayamba pamene nthaka yatentha kufika madigiri 10 (kuya kwa masentimita 10-12 cm), ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri 15. Nthawi yoyamba kufesa ayenera kupereka chomera ndi kutentha kwa biofuels, komanso chitetezo ku chisanu filimu.
Kubzala maungu pamtunda
Mukamadzala supuni ndi zazikulu zamatumba pamalo otseguka, ziyenera kuikidwa mu nthaka mozama masentimita asanu ndi asanu (5-8 masentimita).
Mbewu ya mitundu yayitali ya chikhalidwe imafesedwa mzere (mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo ukhale pafupi 1.5-2 mamita, ndi pakati pa mizere - 1.4 - 2 mamita).
Dzungu mitundu ya maungu ingabzalidwe pamtunda-kuswana njira molingana ndi chiwembu: 80 * 80 cm kapena 1.2 * 1.2 mamita. Mtunda wa pakati pa mbewu ya dzungu uyenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita. Pambuyo pa mbeuyi athandizidwe ndi zitsime, ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi chisakanizo humus ndi nthaka zofanana.
Kudzala mbande za dzungu pamalo otseguka
Ndondomeko yakucha ya dzungu kuyambira pakufesa ndi yaitali, makamaka mochedwa-kucha ndi thermophilic mitundu ya chikhalidwe. Ntchitoyi imatha masiku 120-140. Pofuna kutenga dzungu loyamba, mukhoza kukula mbande zake. Window sills mu nyumba ndi abwino izi, ndi zofunika kuti zenera sills bwino anayatsa.
Komanso mbande zimakula mu greenhouses, greenhouses kapena pansi pa filimuyi. Kusunga bwino kumachitika bwino zaka khumi zapitazi kapena mwezi wa May. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti chomeracho chidzakhala chokonzekera kuti chikhale chotsegulira.
Kubzala dzungu mbande
Monga zitsamba za mbande, mungagwiritse ntchito matumba a mkaka kapena mapeyala osakanikirana ndi mamita 10-15 masentimita. Kukonzekera nokha kwa nthaka ya zakudya: Tengani malo a humus ndi sod mu chiŵerengero cha 4: 1. Onjezani magalamu 4 a mchere wa potaziyamu ndi ammonium nitrate mu chidebe cha osakaniza, komanso magalamu asanu a superphosphate. Mutatha kusakaniza ndi wothira bwino (makamaka 3-4 nthawi). Izi zosakaniza zimathiridwa muzakonzedwe zopangidwa ndi pang'ono.
Pakufesa, nthaka yomwe ili mumadziyi imathiriridwa ndi madzi otentha, pakati pawo amapanga kupweteka kwa 2-3 masentimita, yomwe imayikidwa mbewu imodzi ya dzungu. Ntchito yokonzekera mbewu ndi yofanana ndi yomwe imafesedwa mwachindunji pansi. Miphika pamwamba pa chivundikirocho ndi pulasitiki ndi kuyika pawindo lazenera kuti imere.
Biringanya: kukula ndi kusamalira - nkhani yothandiza kwa wamaluwa.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere tomato panja //rusfermer.net/ogorod/plodovye-ovoshhi/vyrashhivanie-v-otkrytom-grunte/vyrashhivaem-vysokij-urozhaj-tomatov-v-otkrytom-grunte.html.
Biringanya: kukula ndi kusamalira - nkhani yothandiza kwa wamaluwa.Kusamalira dzungu
Pambuyo pofesa dzungu ayenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pa 18-25 madigiri. Masamba oyamba atangoyamba, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo kutentha kumachepetsedwa ndi madigiri 3-5 (izi zimachitika mkati mwa masiku 4-5). Mu nyumbayi izi zingatheke podutsa m'chipinda. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mbeu zimatetezedwa kuti zisamayende.
Ngati mbande idayamba kutambasula, patsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu kapena khumi mutatha mphukira, tembenuzani bondo pansi pa bwalo ndikuiyika pansi, ndikuphimba ndi nthaka ku masamba a cotyledon. Munda wa mmera uwu umakula pa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa madigiri 20-22, ndipo usiku usiku 15-18 madigiri. Kusamba maungu sikuyenera kukhala wambiri komanso kawirikawiri. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kungachititse kuti "kugawanika" kwa chikhalidwe.
Dyetsani chomeracho chiyenera kukhala kawiri. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu kapena lachisanu kutuluka kwa mphukira. Kukula mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kungakhale bwino ngati mutatenga 100 ml ya slurry, nkhuku manyowa kapena mullein ndi magalamu asanu a munda mumasakaniza madzi okwanira 1, kusakaniza zonse bwino ndikutsanulira dera lanu ndi njirayi.
Kuvala kachiwiri kumachitika ndi zovuta zonse zamchere feteleza pa mlingo wa 3-4 magalamu a feteleza pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Iyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo musanabzala mbewu pamtunda.
Masiku angapo musanawotchedwe, ziyenera kukhala zovuta. Muzitsamba zokonzeka kuzizira, tsinde ndi lochepa ndipo lili ndifupipafupi internodes, ndipo palinso masamba opangidwa bwino a masamba a mdima wobiriwira.
Kubzala mbande m'nthaka kumachitika mozama kwambiri kuposa momwe ankakhalira mu mphika, ndikuwaza kwa masamba a cotyledon. Izi zimapangitsa kuti apangidwe mizu yowonjezera. Pamene chodzala mizu imayendedwe ndi dothi, pamene ikupewa mapangidwe a voids.
Kuti zipatso za dzungu zisadzavunduke kuchokera ku dothi la dothi, ziyenera kutetezedwa motere: Mwala 4 umayikidwa pamtunda, pamwamba pake pali bwalo lalikulu kapena bolodi, pomwe nkhumba imayikidwa. Iwo amachita izo kokha pamene akadali wamng'ono.
Dziwani kwa wolima minda - Nkhaka: kukula ndi kusamalira.
Ubwino wouma bowa kunyumba, werengani pano //rusfermer.net/forlady/konservy/sushka/sushka-gribov-v-domashnih-usloviyah.html.
Dziwani kwa wolima minda - Nkhaka: kukula ndi kusamalira.Pamene kucha kwa zipatso zapadera kumabweretsa zokolola. Mwamsanga musanayambe chisanu, muyenera kuchotsa zipatso zonse za dzungu.
Dzungu ayenera kukhalapo pakudya kwa munthu aliyense. Kumbukirani izi! Tikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha malangizo athu mudzakulitsa dzungu lalikulu ndi lokoma, limene mudzakonzekera mbale zothandiza kwambiri.
