Fungo labwino, kukongola kwa chipatso ndi kukoma kwa madzi - zonsezi ndi mitengo ya apulo ya Fuji

Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya maapulo, ndipo Fuji wina wotchuka komanso wokoma amadziwika ku Russia ndi kuzungulira dziko lapansi.

Fungo labwino, thupi loyera, khungu loyera, sing'anga-kakulidwe pakati - zonsezi ndi zoyenera chikondi cha wamaluwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imaperekedwa ku China, USA ndi Austria, ngakhale kuti inali kudziko la Japan. Koma kwa zaka zambiri zapitazi, Fuji wakhala akugonjetsa misika ya ku Russia ndi Ukraine.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Fuji - nyengo yamapulo yosiyanasiyana, idalengedwa makamaka kukolola m'chaka ndi kusungirako ozizira.

Zipatso za kalasi zikhoza kusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kasupe, ndipo ngakhale lotsatira kukolola. Pofuna kuteteza maonekedwe a maapulo, ayenera kuikidwa m'firiji kapena m'chipinda chozizira.

Ndi zophweka kusungiramo maapulo, ndi oyenera kuyendetsa mtunda wautali ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Koma kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, muyenera kudziwa mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera pollination ya Fuji.

Kuwongolera kwa mtengo wa apulo

Mtengo suli wodzipitsa mungu, umasowa mitundu ina. Ndibwino kwambiri monga Gala, Grani Smith, Ligol, Golden, Everest, Red Delishes.

Koma Fuji palokha ndi diploid, yomwe imatanthawuza kuti imatha kuyambitsa mitengo ina ya apulo.

Kutchuka kwa mitundu yosiyana sikunapangidwe kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndipo nchifukwa ninji iye, adalenga m'dziko lomwe liri kutali kwambiri ndi Russia, adzalandiridwa? Ndipo osati kuzindikira kokha, komanso ma epithets monga "achilendo" ndi "oyeretsedwa".

Tsatanetsatane wa Fuji

Chithunzichi chimagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa apulo wa Fuji, ndipo pansipa pali kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa mtengo.

Mitundu ya Fuji ikuwoneka ngati mtengo wamtali, wamphamvu, wokhala ndi korona wabwino wokhala ndi nthambi zamphamvu.

Pofika kumapeto kwa autumn, iwo amakhala ndi maapulo osasangalatsa, akuluakulu opanda madima kapena mtundu wosagwirizana.

1. Kupaka kwake kumaphatikizidwa ndi mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi fruiting wambiri mu nyimbo ya periodic. Pofuna kupewa izi, gawo la ovary likhoza kukonzedwa.
2. Mtengo wa apulo uli ndi mphamvu zowonjezera. 4-6 mamita amafika mosavuta pansi pa zinthu zabwino.
3. Korona imapangidwira mofulumira, mosavuta, makamaka yaikulu, koma molakwika, pamene nthambi zimakula mosiyana. Izi zikhoza kukonzedwa ndi mapangidwe a mafupa a korona - ndiye amatha kukhala ozungulira kapena ozungulira, okongola bwino. Kumapeto kwa autumn, Fuji ndi nthambi yopanda kanthu yomwe ili ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri.
4. Gwetsani kuwala kofiirira, ndi pang'ono imvi tint, osati kwambiri makwinya. Mphukira yazing'ono imakhala yowala, yosalala, imakhala ndi mphodza pang'ono.
5. Masamba ndi otupa a lanceolate kapena oval, ndi mapeto ake. Pubescence ikhoza kuwonedwa kokha pamene mbaleyo ikukula. Maluwa nthawi zambiri, mapesi akuthawa pang'onopang'ono.

Zipatso zimaonedwa kuti ndi zokongola kwambiri pamsika.. Tidzawona chifukwa chake.

1. Fomu yoyenera, yosalala bwino.
2. Buluu lowala kapena lofiira lomwe limakopa chidwi.
3. Thupi ndi loyera, mtundu wa kirimu. Yowutsa mudyo, okoma kapena wowawasa-okoma, crispy, ndi fungo lokoma.
4. Chimake ndichikulu, zipinda za mbewuzo ndi zoonda, zopepuka.
5. Kulemera kwakukulu (200-250 g).

Zowala zosiyana, zosiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe ndi kukoma, zinali zosavuta kutulutsa. Koma mpaka pano, obereketsa amaikapo pamtanda wina, kale mtsogolo, mitengo yatsopano ya apulo.

Chithunzi

Mbiri yobereka

Kalasi yomwe inalandira ku Japan mu 1920. Olima minda anadutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Red Delicious and Rolls Janet. Kwa iwo kunali kofunika kuti apange mtengo wotero wa apulo kuti udzapulumuka mosavuta pa nyengo ya chisanu ndi miyezi yowuma.

Zotsatira zake ndi zokoma, zatsopano zomwe zimakopeka atsopano mafani kuchokera pakati pa akatswiri ndi ogula. Ku United States kunabweretsedwa kokha m'ma 80skumene adapeza kutchuka. Anayamba kulingalira zosowa, zachilendo ku kukoma kwake.

Odyetsa amatha mitundu ina yofanana. Pa nthawi yomweyo alimi amafuna kusunga katundu wa mtengo ndi kukoma kwa chipatso.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochokera ku Japan inayamba kukula m'mayiko onse, okhala ndi makhalidwe ake m'madera osiyanasiyana. Otsitsa adalenga makina omwe ali otchuka ku Russia komanso m'mayiko ena.

Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera

Poyamba, zosiyanasiyana zinakula ku Japan, koma tsopano zikukula padziko lonse, ngakhale m'madera ozizira.

Mitengo yozizira, yomwe imakhala yoyenera ku Russia, imatha kugwira zipatso pa nthambi mpaka kuzizira.

Ngakhale palibe masamba otsala pamtengo, zokolola ziri zoyenera kukolola ndendende mu nthawi yotereyi. Nkofunika kusankha chingwe choyenera cha kulima - chidzadalira nthawi yakucha, kukana nkhuni ndi zipatso ku zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

Tsopano pali mabala angapo a apulo. Ife (ku Krasnodar Territory) tikukula mitundu yofiira Fujik, ku Italy - Kiku.

Ngakhale mbewu iliyonse imakhudzidwa ndi dera limene limakula, zotsatira zake zonse zimachokera. Komanso, abambo a Fuji ankafuna kupanga zipatso monga momwe zingathere.

Pereka

Ophunzira a Gulu la Fuji adzayamikira zokolola zambiri. Kawirikawiri, kusonkhanitsa kungayambike kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October - kumayambiriro kwa November, pamene nthawi yayamba kuonekera. Mtengo umakula bwino chaka chilichonse chachiwiri mu mawonekedwe ofunika, kotero kuti mbewu imachotsedwa pafupifupi nthawi ya autumn.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Chisamaliro sichisiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya apulo, pali zinthu zochepa zokha zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kusankha kwake.

1. Kubzala Fuji kuli bwino kumbali yakumpoto, kumene mtengo uli ndi dzuwa lokwanira nthawi zonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wabwino umayenera.
2. Nthaka iyenera kupindulitsidwa ndi zakudya ndi zovekedwa, pangani malo okhala amtendere.
3. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, ndibwino kuti muthe kuchotsa mbali ina ya mazira oyamba omwe amatenga mphamvu kwambiri ku mtengo wa apulo. Kenaka mtengowo sungadzale ndi zipatso, ubwino wa mbeu udzakhala wochulukira, zomwe zikutanthauzanso kukoma ndi kukula.
4. Koma chisamaliro sichikudya komanso kudulira ovary. Fuji ngakhale sukulu yosagonjetsa, koma yowonongeka ndi matenda awo.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Fuji, ngakhale kuti amatha kuzizira, akhoza kuwonongeka ndi mabakiteriya ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Choyamba ndi choopsa chifukwa mtengo sungapulumutsidwe kawirikawiri, kupewera kumathandiza.

1. Powdery mildew ndi matenda a bakiteriya akhoza kuvulaza zosiyanasiyana, kotero chitetezo ku tizirombo ngati zimenezi n'chofunikira kwambiri. Kuchokera ku bakiteriya kuwotcha kupulumutsa dzuwa, lomwe limakonda kwambiri mtengo. Kuchokera ku mankhwala oyenera omwe ali ndi mkuwa.
2. Ngati mtengo wayamba kale ndi mabakiteriya, zidzakhala bwino kuti udzuke, chifukwa matendawa adzafalikira kwa maapulo ena.
3. Nkhumba sizitha kuwononga mtengo wa apulo ngati matendawa satha. Mitengo yaing'ono imakonda kwambiri. Kupewa - Kupopera mankhwala ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi. Ngati Fuji ali kale kachilombo, gwiritsani ntchito fungicides.
4. M'zaka zotentha, Fuji akhoza kukhala mu aphid akuvulaza kwambiri. Iwo amayamba kumenyana nawo mu kasupe, pogwiritsa ntchito peritroids, m'chilimwe - phospho-organic kukonzekera.
5. Kuti muteteze chomera musanadzalemo, kuchepetsa mizu mu 1% yothetsera mkuwa wa sulfate kwa mphindi 3-4, ndiye tsambani ndi madzi.

Mitengo imafunika kudulira mwaukhondo, kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa.

Kawirikawiri, chitetezo ndi kupopera mbewu zimapulumutsa Fuji kuti asatayike zipatso ngati atakonzedweratu pothandizidwa ndi njira yapadera. Mukhoza kuwagula m'masitolo aliwonse a m'munda.

Fuji ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo yomwe nyengo yotentha yotentha sizimawoneka nthawi zonse. Maapulo adziwonetsera okha m'mayiko osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwabwino ndi fungo.

Amasonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa autumn, ndipo mumatha kuzizira mpaka nthawi yokolola.. Kulimbikira kwa zipatso kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kunyamula, kotero kuti apulo okonda ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana afika kale ndi Fuji.