Eucharis ndi chomera choyimira maluwa chochuluka kuchokera ku banja la Amaryllis. Imapezeka ku Central ndi Latin America. Mitundu yayitali kwambiri imakhala ku Eastern Andes, kumadzulo kwa Amazon, chifukwa chake eucharis nthawi zina amatchedwa "kakombo wa ku Amazonia." M'madera ozizira, mmera umakula ngati duwa lamkati. Mtundu wachifundo komanso wokongola wamaluwa amakula maluwa akuluakulu oyera-ngati chipale, ndipo mkati mwa nyengo yopendekera amasangalala ndi masamba "okongoletsedwa", ndichifukwa chake amatchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa.
Mawonekedwe
Eucharis ndi mbewu yosatha, yobiriwira. Udzu wake umaphukira ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40-60 masentimita. Dzungu limayimiriridwa ndi babu lalikulu kuzungulira kapena bulalo yotalika pafupifupi masentimita 4-6. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amtundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala amakula ngati mawonekedwe a rosette kuchokera pansi lokha. Masamba akhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Ponseponse, masamba 2-7 amakula kuchokera ku babu imodzi, osapitirira 55 masentimita ndi kupitilira 20 cm. Mitsempha yothandizirana ndiyofanana ikuwoneka bwino pamalo oterera.
Eucharis limamasula nthawi zambiri mu February ndi Epulo. Thupi lachiberekero cham'madzi lotalika masentimita 80 limamera kuchokera pakatikati pa babu. Pamwamba pake limakongoletsedwa ndi ambulera inflorescence, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba 3-10. Maluwa amatembenukira. Iliyonse ya iwo ali ndi chubu chachitali, chopyapyala chokhala ndi ma penti ozungulira, otsegula. Mphepete zawo zalongosoledwa. Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yapangidwe m'miyala iwiri. Pakatikati pake pali korona wokonzedwa ndi zitsamba zomwe zimamera kwa iye. Duwa lililonse limakhala mpaka masiku 10. Mitundu yake yamiyala imayera yoyera, ndipo korona wokhala ndi stamens amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikasu.
Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zipsa - minofu yazipinda zitatu zokhala ndi njere zazing'ono zazitali. M'malo abwino, maluwa amatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza 1-2 zina pachaka.
Mitundu ya Eucharis
Mu mtundu wa eucharis, asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu 20 yazomera. Zitatu mwa izo ndizotchuka kwambiri.
Eucharis ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Chomera chotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olimitsa maluwa chimapangika mababu okhala ndi masentimita 3-6. Masamba oblong okhala ndi mapesi ataliitali amapaka utoto wakuda. Ambulera yotulutsa maluwa obiriwira oyera ngati masamba 3-6 okhala ndi mainchesi ofika masentimita 12 pachimodzimodzi ndi masentimita 60-80. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino. Mitengo yoyera imazungulira korona yoyera ndi mabatani otchuka a bulauni. Maluwa amatha kutha kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe komanso koyambilira kwa dzinja.
Eucharis ndi yoyera. Chomera chokhala ndi babu wooneka ngati dzira mpaka 5 cm m'mimba mwake chimakula mopingasa, petiolate chimakhala chotalika masentimita 40 ndipo osaposa masentimita 15. Tsamba lamasamba limapendekera ku petiole ndi kumapeto. Duwa lofiirira lomwe limakhala lobiriwira limatha ndi ambulera yabwino kwambiri ya zipatso 6 - 6 yoyera chipale chofewa yomwe imaphukira mu Marichi. Zithunzi zojambulidwa ndizotseguka ndipo zimazungulira korona woyera.
Eucharis Sandera. Chomera chachikulu chofalikira chimadyetsedwa ndi mababu obisika ndi mainchesi 7. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala pafupifupi 30 cm ndipo mpaka 18c. 18 Petiole imafikanso masentimita 15.3 maluwa akuluakulu kapena mpaka 6 ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa pakabedi kowongoka masamba. Mitambo yoyera ngati chipale chofewa imazungulira korona wachikasu. Kutulutsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana mu February.
Njira zolerera
Eucharis akhoza kufalikira ndi mbewu kapena kupatula ana. Popeza kakombo wa ku Amazon amabereka ana ambiri, osamalira mundawo nthawi zambiri amatengera mbewu zomwe zimamera kuchokera pa mbewu. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu zakhwima zatsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimafesedwa m'nthaka ya peat mutangokolola. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikuyiyika m'chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Ndikutentha kochepa, mbande zimawoneka mwachangu. Pukutirani mpweya ndikuthira pansi dothi nthawi zonse. Mbewu zikamera, mbande zimazolowera pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Ndikwabwino kuthilira mbewu nthawi zambiri, koma pang'ono. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yopukutira ndi gawo lachitatu. Achinyamata a eucharis akamakula timapepala totsimikizika 3-4, ndi chisamaliro chachikulu amasinthidwa kukhala mapoto awiri azomera 2-3. Maluwa akuyembekezeka zaka 4-5.
Ndi chotengera cham'madzi cham'madzi, ana ang'onoang'ono angapo amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi babu la mayi. Amasiyanitsidwa mosamala wina ndi mnzake, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu yopyapyala, ndipo adabzala mumiphika yosiyana ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga. Pambuyo kumera kwa mababu, amadzaza nawo mu dothi akulu akulu. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera kwambiri, ndipo kuyatsa kumayatsidwa. Maluwa a ana amapezeka zaka 2-3, koma zitsanzo zazikulu zimatha kutulutsa mchaka chomwecho.
Zambiri zodzala ndi chisamaliro
Eucharis, ngakhale ndi yamitundu yachilendo, imakonda kunyinyirika kunyumba.
Thirani Maluwa achichepere amafunikira kukonzanso kwa dothi pachaka, ndipo mbewu zazikulu zimatha kukhalapo mumphika umodzi mpaka zaka zitatu (nthaka yapamwamba yokha ndi yomwe ingathe kusinthidwa). Zonunkhira zonse zimachitika mu Marichi, kumapeto kwa nthawi yopuma. Mphika uyenera kukhala wocheperako, chifukwa mu chotengera cholimba maluwa amatuluka nthawi zambiri. Zomera 10 zitha kubzalidwa mumphika umodzi ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 30 cm. Mukabzala panthaka muyenera kuyang'ana pamwamba pa babu. Dothi la eucharis limapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- dothi louma;
- kompositi
- mchenga wowuma;
- tsamba lamasamba.
Zida zowongolera zimatsanuliridwa pansi pa thankiyo. Mutabzala, dothi limapangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuthiriridwa.
Kuwala Eucharis amafunika kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana kwa maola osachepera 3-4 patsiku. Itha kuyikidwa pazenera la kumadzulo kapena zenera lakumawa. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimapanga mthunzi kuchokera dzuwa dzuwa.
Kutentha M'chilimwe, pakulima kwachangu, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Mu Novembala-Januware, iyenera kutsitsidwa kuti + 13 ... + 15 ° C. Kenako ikubwera nthawi yomwe duwa limapangidwa, ndiye kuti kutentha kuyenera kukhalabe pa + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Zomera zimatha kulimidwa muzipinda zozizira, chifukwa sizimayankha bwino kutentha. Nthawi yomweyo, imatetezedwa mosamala ku zojambulajambula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Ndikosayenera kutulutsa maluwa kunja.
Chinyezi. Eucharis amakula pafupipafupi ndi chinyezi wamba, koma poyamikira amayankha kupopera ndi kusamba kwakanthawi. Nthawi yamaluwa, njira zamadzi ndizochepa. Ngati chinyezi chimayamba maluwa, kumera kumayamba.
Kuthirira. Kwa eucharis, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nthawi yolumikizirana pakati pa ulimi wothirira, kuti dothi lakumtunda likhale ndi nthawi yopumira. Nthawi zambiri, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa (mpaka kawiri pa sabata). Nthawi yonseyi, chomeracho chimathiriridwa madzi kambiri, komabe, matope osaloledwa samatha kufota.
Feteleza. Kudyetsa eucharis kumafunika pokhapokha maluwa ndi masamba. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala apadera am'mimba pazomera zamaluwa. Amadzala madzi ndikuthira m'nthaka patali ndi mphukira. Atafota maluwa, feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kudulira. Ubwino wa eucharis pamwamba pa ma amllllis ena ndikuti umasungirabe kukongoletsa ngakhale utatha maluwa. Masamba ake owala bwino obowo amawala ndi dzuwa ndipo sagwa nthawi yayitali. Maluwa omaliza atafota, ma pedunances amadulidwa. Mwina kuyanika masamba 1-2, koma osatinso.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Zomera zoperesa zimakonda kufalitsa matenda a fungal, makamaka ndi kusowa komanso chinyezi chambiri cha nthaka. Eucharis nthawi zambiri amadwala imvi ndikuwola. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kudula madera onse omwe akhudzidwa ndikuchita chithandizo cha fungicide (Champion, Topaz, sulfate yamkuwa).
Kuchokera pa majeremusi, kupindika, zipsera ndi nthangala za akangaude zimavutitsa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala pamwambo wofooka. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za tizilombo, amathandizidwa ndi tizilombo (Fitoverm, Actellik).
Ngati mukufunika kuthana ndi vuto ngati masamba achikasu ku eucharis, izi zikuwonetsa matenda a mbewu. Izi zimachitika ndikusintha kowopsa kwa mndende. Babu limavutika ndipo thanzi la duwa limasokonekera. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimaphatikizapo dothi louma kwambiri kapena kuwonjezereka kuthirira, kukhudzana ndi zojambula, kapena kusintha kwanyengo mwachangu. Kupereka mtengowo moyenera ndikutchinjiriza pakusintha kwina, mutha kubwerera ku mawonekedwe ake akale.
Ngati eucharis sichimatulutsa, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nthawi yopumira yoyenerera. Kuti muchite izi, duwa limakonzedwanso m'chipinda chozizira, chamdima, kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikuletsa feteleza. Pambuyo pa masabata 4-5, duwa limabwezeredwa m'malo abwinobwino. Kugwedezeka koteroko nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa maluwa ambiri.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Eucharis ndi mbewu yabwino komanso yabwino. Imafalitsa mphamvu zopindulitsa, ndipo nthawi yamaluwa imawonjezera chisangalalo cha pabanja komanso kulimbikitsidwa kwa uzimu. Zomera zimachotsa malingaliro osalimbikitsa. Zimapangitsa ana kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri, kukulitsa chidwi chawo ndikuwonetsa luso latsopano. Duwa limalidi chizindikiro cha woteteza makutu. Palibe zodabwitsa ku Colombia kuti adakonzedwa mu mkwatibwi wa mkwatibwi kuti ateteze msungwanayo ndi banja lamtsogolo ku nsanje ndi mikangano.
