Liatris - kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro

Duwa lotchedwa Liatris ndi maluwa ochokera ku mitundu yosatha; ndi gawo la banja la Asters kapena Asteraceae. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imakula ku Mexico, North America, ndi Bahamas. Pali mitundu ingapo 20 ya mbewuyo.

Kufotokozera kwa lyatris: mitundu ndi mitundu

Maluwa osatha a Liatris adagunda m'minda m'zaka za zana la 18. Masamba ake amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette, pomwe mphukira zolimba zimatuluka ndi inflorescence zomwe zimakula kuchokera pa 0.6 mpaka 1 mita. Masamba azikhalidwe zomwe zili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamdima wandiweyani. Masamba amodzi ndi ochepa. Sili m'mabungwe okhazikika nthawi zonse, omwe sawalepheretsa kuti azitchuka ndi olima. Maluwa amatengedwa mu spikelets, kutalika kuchokera 15 mpaka 30 cm.

Kodi ma lyatris amawoneka bwanji

Pali magulu angapo azikhalidwe.

Liatris spikelet

Amakongoletsa mabedi amaluwa ndi maluwa mu June-Julayi. Mtundu wawo umatengera mitundu ndipo ndi pinki, yoyera, yofiirira, ya lilac, ya lilac, ya azure. Phulusa limafanana ndi chubu, yokutidwa ndi maluwa yaying'ono kutalika kwake konse. Zimayambira zimakula mpaka 80 cm, yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi masamba. Mantha a inflorescence a spikelet liatris afika 25 cm kutalika.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya spiky yomwe idapangidwa pamtundu wa Spicata lyatris (spicata) imaphatikizapo:

• Floristan Violett (Floristan Violett) - wokhala ndi utoto mu utoto wosiyana wa buluu ndi utoto;
• Florian Weiss - zimayambira pachikhalidwezi zimafika 90 cm, inflorescence zazikulu zimakhala ngati makandulo oyera-oyera;
• Liatris Kobold (kobold kapena cobalt) - ali ndi maluwa amtundu wa lilac-pinki, wopezeka pazokhazikitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa 40 cm.

Liatris nembanemba

Ili ndi masamba akuluakulu komanso ambiri, ma pedicel - fluffy komanso oyera. Ma inflorescence powoneka amafanana ndi mipira yokhala ndi maluwa ochepa a lilac ndi ma pinki. Mitundu ya Filmy imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe, popanga mapangidwe a Alpine kapena mabedi amaluwa amodzi.

Mitundu yotchuka ya Liatris membranous imayimiridwa:

• September Ulemerero - wokula mpaka 1 m, wokhala ndi maluwa akulu a pinki tint;
• Lyatris Alba (alba) - mitunduyo imatsimikiziridwa ndi miyala yayikulu ya ngale ndi fungo losavomerezeka.

Liatris grungy

Zokhala zazitali kwambiri, zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zosankha mpaka mamita 2. Chikhalidwe chake chimakhala ndi mphukira ndi masamba amphamvu ndi kamvekedwe kobiriwira. Pamitengo yayitali pali maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiirira. Oimira mitunduyi akuphatikizapo Uyat Spyr, yemwe ali ndi masamba oyera. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi pofiirira wofiirira. Mbali yake yosiyanitsa imawonedwa kuti ndi inflorescence yowala komanso yowala komanso kukonda kuthirira pang'ono, kubereka mosavuta.

Liatris Kobold

Malo okula, dothi

Kubzala ndikusamalira lyatris kumayamba ndikusankha malo abwino. Amakonda dothi lachonde lomwe limavomerezeka mosavuta komanso pang'ono momwe asidi amachitikira, pamaudindo a 6,6,5. Chikhalidwe chimakonda malo okhala pomwe dzuwa limayala tchire kwa maola 6 kapena kupitilira.

Mitundu yokhala ndi moyo wautali sizilekerera madambo komanso dothi lolemera - m'malo amenewo kuli pachiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa tuber zowola. Mukabzala m'mbale zokhala ndi maluwa, gawo lapansi limapangidwa ndi peat, dongo ndi perlite (mchenga).

Kubzala mbewu za lithiamu poyera

Mbewu yofesedwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwa mvula - siyikhudzidwa ndi chisanu. Asanayambe ntchito, amawanyowa kwa maola 8 m'njira yonyowa. Tsambali likufukusidwa, humus imawonjezeredwa kwa iye ngati ndowa imodzi pa m2 iliyonse. Zipatsozo zimapangidwa m'nthaka ndikuzama masentimita 1.5, mutabzala mbewu, zimayenera kuwazidwa. Ndi njira yogawa mbewu, chikhalidwecho chidzakulanso kwathunthu kuposa zaka 2-3 mutabzala.

Mbewu za Lyatris

Tikugulitsa Liatris poyera

Chikhalidwe chitha kubzala mbande, nyama zazing'ono masiku 50-60 zibzalidwe pansi. Mbewuzo imagwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika, isanayesedwe ndi kufesedwa mumiyala ndi dothi lapansi.

Kubzala kumachitika mu Januwale kapena Marichi, mutabzala, mbewuzo zimayikidwa masentimita 1. Zotetezazo zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena zokutira pulasitiki ndikuzitumiza kuchipinda chofunda chomwe chili ndi kutentha kwa 22-25 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro.

Pambuyo pakupanga masamba awiri oyamba, nyama zazing'ono zimabzalidwa mumiphika osiyana, mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake zimatumizidwa ku chidebe chokulirapo. Kuyika pansi pa thambo lotseguka kumachitika pambuyo powopseza kuti kubweranso kwa chisanu chamadzulo kwatha. Mukabzala pakati pa tchire muzisunga 20 mpaka 25 cm.

Tikufika

Kuthirira ndikumasulira nthaka

Chikhalidwechi sichidzapulumuka chilala chochepa, koma ndi cha okonda chinyezi. Madzi osefukira amakhala owopsa pakukula kwa zowola pamizu. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mukanyowetsa nthaka kumatengera kukula kwa mbewuyo - chitsamba chimodzi chimakhala ndowa yamadzi. Madziwo amatsanulidwa mpaka kulowa pansi.

Kukula ndi kumasula kwa nthaka kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikuwonjezera nthaka. Chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa mizu, imatha kuwululidwa kawirikawiri, makamaka ikagwa mvula yambiri.

Njira zolerera

Pali njira zingapo zopezera achinyamata.

Wosangalatsa

Zida zimagulidwa mu shopu yamaluwa kapena kudzigulira mwaulemu m'dzinja. Ndondomekoyo, tchire la zaka 2-3, kuchokera kutalika kwa 2 cm, ndiloyenera. Kubala kumachitika mchaka kapena Seputembala-Okutobala, isanayambike nyengo yozizira.

Ngati zingafunike, timinofu tating'onoting'ono timatha kumere m'maso. M'matanki amabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 15 mu dothi losakanikirana, lomwe limaphatikizapo peat, mchenga wamtsinje ndi humus. Tchire liyenera kupereka ngalande zabwino. Matanki amatumizidwa ku chipinda chozizira komanso chamdima mpaka mphukira yoyamba itawonekera. Pambuyo pa mphukira yachinyamata, imabzalidwe pansi panthaka.

Kugawanitsa

Chitsamba chimakumbidwa kwathunthu, chimagwedezeka kuchotsedwa padziko lapansi ndikutsitsidwa ndi fosholo. Muzu umagawika m'magawo awiri a 2-3, makamaka yunifolomu. Zidutswa zobzalidwa zidabzalidwa m'nthaka yomwe idakonzedweratu, yothira manyowa ndi kuya mozama wofanana ndi chitsamba chakale. Maluwa akuyembekezeredwa nthawi yomweyo kapena nyengo yotsatira, kutengera nthawi yosankhidwa.

Kugawanitsa

Kudyetsa ndi kumuika

Kubzala ma Liatris ndikusamalira pabwalo kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika katatu pachaka, pogwiritsa ntchito njira za potaziyamu phosphate. Pakusintha mthunzi wa masamba kuti akhale wotumbululuka, feteleza wa nayitrogeni uyenera kuyikidwa. Chikhalidwe sichimafunikira zinthu zina zofunikira.

Kuika ntchito kumachitika molumikizana ndi kugawikana kwa shrub wamkulu m'magawo atatu aliwonse kapena anayi. Mukanyalanyaza izi, ndiye kuti tchire pamapeto pake zimacheperachepera zaka zingapo. Thirani ndikuchitika molingana ndi algorithm:

• wamkulu amachotsedwa pansi ndikuchotsa mizu ndikuchitsuka;
• gwiritsani ntchito mpeni wakuthwa kuti mugawane magawo - khosi lozungulira lomwe lili ndi mizu liyenera kupezeka patsamba lililonse;
• nyama zazing'ono zobzalidwa m'maenje okonzekera, mpaka mainchesi 10, ndikuyang'ana mtunda wa 25-35 cm;
• maenje akudzaza ndi lachitatu ndi humus ndi dothi, lokakamira;
• kuchita kuthirira ndi mulching.

Thirani mbewu

Kudulira kwa Liatris

Mitundu ina ya mbewu imatha kukula mpaka 1 m, yomwe imafuna kumangiriza. Ndodo zolimba zimayendetsedwa pafupi ndi shrubber ndipo chingwe cholumikizidwa kapena waya chimakoka. Mfuti zimamangirizidwa pazomwe zimapangidwira. Ngati njirayi siyichita, ndiye kuti nyengo yoyipa kapena yolemetsa, kulemera kumatha kuthyoka, ndipo chitsamba chitha kufa.

Kudulira kumalimbikitsidwa mutatha maluwa a inflorescence amodzi. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kuti chitsamba chonse chiziwoneka bwino. Nyengoyi ikakula, anthu ambiri olima maluwa amakonda kuchita kudulira.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Matenda kwenikweni samakhudza chitsamba, mavuto akulu amatulutsidwa:

• Zomera zowola - zomwe zimachitika mbeu itabzalidwe m'malo okhala ndi dothi lolemera, lopanda phokoso
• powdery mildew - matendawa amakhudza masamba nthawi yamvula nthawi zonse.

Matenda oyamba ndi fungus nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamatchi ofooka kapena akale. Kutsatira malamulo aulimi ndi kugawa kwa nthawi yayikulu anthu ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera matenda osiyanasiyana.

Tizilombo zoyipa za chikhalidwe ndi izi:

1. Makoswe mbewa omwe amakonda kutsekemera kwa ma tubers. Akatswiri amakonda kubzala zitsamba m'mabasiketi apadera omwe adayikidwapo kale m'nthaka.
2. Chimbalangondo - Tizilombo toyambitsa dothi timakonda kutchera mbewa yachikhalidwe.
3. Wofatsa - mawonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mvula komanso nyengo yoyipa.

Vole Mouse - Lyatris Pest

Momwe mungakonzekerere kuzizira

Pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira, tchire zonse zimadulidwa. Amapulumuka mosavuta miyezi yozizira ndipo safunikira malo apadera. Mbali yotsalayo imakutidwa ndi masamba owuma kapena humus, yoyikidwa mpaka 15 cm.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi chisamaliro pambuyo

Pakapangidwa masamba a chikhalidwe, imaponya mivi ndi inflorescence. Maluwa a lyatris amayamba kutulutsa kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba. Kutalika pafupifupi kwa peduncle iliyonse ndi masentimita 40-50. Kunja kumafanana ndi spikelets zopangidwa ndi magulu angapo amitundu.

Kutalika kwa nyengo yamaluwa kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 30, pamasamba angapo - mpaka miyezi 1.5-2. Nthawi imatengera malo obzala shrub, koma nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe a masamba amapezeka mu June kapena Julayi. Pakutha kwa nyengo, mabokosi okhala ndi mbewu amapangidwa, yokutidwa ndi mulu wawung'ono.

Pambuyo maluwa ndi kuwola kwa masamba kumalizidwa, gawo lakudulalo limadulidwa, pamwamba limayikiridwa ndi nthambi za spruce, peat kapena kompositi. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira kwambiri, pogona pofunika.

Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake

Zoyera ndi zina zamtunduwu zamatumbo zimatchuka pakati pa opanga mawonekedwe. Zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa:

• mabedi amaluwa;
• dimba la maluwa;
• phiri la mapiri;
• kulembetsa malire.

Chikhalidwechi chingabzalidwe ngati chimodzi kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina yofanana. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi maluwa akutchire, kubzala pamtengowo. Njirayi imachepetsa nthawi ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira dimba la maluwa, ndikuwapatsa nyumba maonekedwe osazolowereka.

Popanga bedi lamaluwa, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za kuphatikiza mithunzi. Mitundu yambiri ya Liatris imapakidwa utoto-woyera, wachikasu ndi mitundu ina, mutha kuwonjezera masanjidwe achikasu kapena ofiira.

Liatris monga gawo la kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe

Kulima m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta

Liatris amatha kumera ku Siberia, Urals ndi Far East. Ochita maluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala m'malo ozizira omwe ali ndi mitundu yosaphatikizidwa ndi chisanu: Albu kapena Burning Star. Mbali yokhayo yolima ndi nthawi yochepa maluwa komanso kusakhalapo kwa kucha kwa mbewu.

Chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kukonzekera chisanu nthawi ya chisanu: Kubwera kwa Seputembala, kumadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu, ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yozizira, amakwaniritsa zotsalira. Pamaso chisanu, chikhalidwecho chimaphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma ndi agrofibre apadera.

Liatris moyenerera amasangalala ndi chikondi cha akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa komanso akatswiri azokongoletsa malo.

Kutalika kwakutali ndi kuchuluka kwake kumawalola kukongoletsa mapulani awo, kupanga njira zatsopano zopangira.

Kutsatira malamulo omangidwa kumapewetsa matenda ambiri, kupewa kuwononga zitsamba ndi mbewa ndi zimbalangondo. Njira zoyenera zipangitse wokwelerayo kuti akhale wokongola komanso wapadera.