Makhalidwe a orchids ndi nkhalango zam'derali zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba wandiweyani wandiweyani. Kufika kunyumba kwathu, n'kovuta kuti kukongola kwazitentha kusinthe ndikusintha makhalidwe ake achilengedwe. Chifukwa chaichi, orchid amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa maluwa osamvetsetseka kwambiri panyumba, omwe amasamalidwa bwino. Iwo ali oposa zinyumba zina zamkati zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ichi ndi chiani?
Pali mitundu itatu ya matenda omwe ma orchid amawoneka. Izi ndi fungal, bakiteriya ndi tizilombo. Fusarium amatanthauza matenda a fungal. Mankhwala ake adzakhala othandiza kokha kumayambiriro koyamba, isanayambike kuti mizu iwonongeke.
Fusarium ndi matenda a zomera ndi Fusarium bowa (Fusarium). Bowa limapitirira kupyolera mu spores (conidia). Matendawa ali m'gulu la matenda opatsirana komanso owopsa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowetsa m'mundawu kudzera mumtunda, chigawo chozungulira pafupi ndi tsinde, rhizome, kapena kudzera m'mbewu ndi mbande. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zowola fusarium: mizu ndi tsinde.
Chithunzi
Onani zithunzi zina za ma orchids omwe ali ndi Fusarium:
Kodi zimawoneka bwanji?
Zizindikiro zoyamba ndi maonekedwe a zofiira zoyera-pinki kapena mipira yaying'ono pamtunda wa mizu komanso pa tsinde. Zizindikiro zina za matenda ndizowonekeratu pamadera onse a chomera.
- Muzu. Kumayambiriro kwa matenda a mizu, imakhala yofiira, monga momwe fusarium imayambira, mazira amaonekera pa iyo (yofanana ndi zochitika za tight ligation). M'kupita kwa nthawi, malo obwezeretsedwa a muzuwo amdima ndi kufa.
- Masamba. Tembenuzani chikasu, wophimbidwa. Matendawa amayamba kuchokera pamwamba pa chomera ndikufalikira maluwa onse.
- Tsinde. Amapeza mtundu wofiira, amatha kutaya, amawonda.
- Dulani malo. Mphete zakuda zofiira zimaonekera bwino pamakona a zombo.
Nchifukwa chiyani tingagwidwe ndi chomera?
Nthaŵi zambiri fusarium imakhudza ma orchids ofooka. Chomera chitetezo chingathe kuchepetsedwa pa zifukwa zingapo: Kuchokera ku chisamaliro chosayenera ku nthaka yosayenera. Zotsatirazi zikuwonekeratu kuti ndibwino kuti matendawa apite patsogolo.
| Zochitika | Kufotokozera |
| Kutentha kwa nthaka kotsika mu mphika |
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| Kuthira kwakukulu | Kupuma kwa mnofu, mpweya wochepa ndi kuwala kosauka ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti maonekedwe a microflora azioneka. |
| Pali peat kapena thovu zambiri pansi | Zinthu zimapangitsa dothi kukhala losavuta. M'nthaka yotereyi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kubereka kwa bowa sikukhazikika. Gawo la peat ndi thovu siliyenera kupitirira 20% mwa zigawo zonse. |
| Gawo la Saline | Mchere umatha kudutsa kuchokera ku feteleza komanso chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira ndi madzi omwe amapezeka pampopu. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha salinization, muyenera kubzala orchids zaka 2-3, ndipo kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yokha imatsitsimutsa chikhalidwe cha madzi ofunda. |
Kodi choopsa n'chiyani?
Bowa la fusorium limayambitsa zitsulo zazikulu za orchid (pazu, pa masamba ndi mu tsinde). Chotsatira chake, kutaya madzi kwa madzi ndi kutaya madzi kumachitika. Mbali zobiriwira zimdima, mano amawoneka pa iwo. Ngati kachilomboka kakhudza mbali yokha pamwamba pa chomera, zingathetsedwe. Ngati zowola zafalikira kuzu, orchid idzafa.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala ochizira a fusarium
Tengani orchid omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe otetezeka a anthu kapena poizoni ndi mankhwala. Koma algorithm yokonzekera duwa la processing ndi chimodzimodzi kwa njira iliyonse.
- Kusungulumwa kwa orchid odwala, kuika kwaokha maluwa ozungulira.
- Tengani chomera chotuluka mumphika, sambani ndi madzi kutentha.
- Zonse zovunda zimadulidwa mosamala. Ikani magawo owazidwa oponderezedwa atayikidwa mpweya.
- Orchid wouma. Ndipo tsopano mungayambe mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Thandizani maphikidwe
| Dzina | Ntchito |
| Kulowetsedwa kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa |
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| Kulowetsedwa kwa marigolds (Chernobrivtsev) | Kwa malita awiri a madzi ofunda mumafunikira 3 tbsp. maluwa owuma. Onetsetsani masiku awiri, gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu. |
| Wood phulusa | Masentimita 2-3 atsanulire madzi otentha, amaumirira mpaka masiku awiri. Madziwo amachititsa kuthira orchid. |
| Kusakaniza kwa Chinsinsi |
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Fusarium imakula mofulumira ndipo imakhala yoopsa kwambiri kwa ma orchids.. Ngati patatha masiku 2-3 palibe zotsatira zabwino kuchokera ku maphikidwe a anthu, ndibwino kuti pasachedwe ndikuyamba kusintha mankhwala.
Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Ayenera kutenga fungicides.
Ndikofunika kuyamba mankhwala pokhapokha mabala kapena zipatso za orchid zikuchiritsidwa. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi patatha maola 1-3 mutatha kuyeretsa zomera kuchokera kumadera omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Mungathe kutenga:
Topsin.- Benomil.
- Readzim
- Previkur.
Topsin.Fundazol amasangalala ndi mbiri yabwino.:
- Kukonzekera njira yothetsera, sakanizani 1 g wa Pulozole powder mu madzi okwanira 1 litre.
- Bweretsani chithandizo katatu, nthawi yayitali ndi masiku khumi.
- Orchid imayenera kuikidwa mu mphika watsopano. Musanabzala kuti muteteze dothi mukhoza kupopedwa ndi yankho la Readzole. Ikani mphika pamalo otentha ndi kuwala kokwanira.
- Siyani maluwa osungirako milungu itatu. Panthawiyi, madzi okha ndiwo mizu, chinyezi sichiyenera kugwera pamtundu wobiriwira. Kwa ulimi wothirira, mukhoza kutenga fungicidal yankho (kupeza madzi, kuchiritsa chomera mkati).
Njira zochiritsira zochiritsira - kutsekemera, kulengedwa kwa malo otentha - ndi matenda a fungalesi sangathandize, ngakhale kuvulaza. Kutentha kwapamwamba kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri kuti zipangidwe zowonjezera za Fusarium spores.
Ngati bowa limakhudza mizu ya orchid, chomera chiyenera kuchotsedwa pamodzi ndi nthaka. Mphika ukhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma atangoyamwa mu njira yothetsera 5% zamkuwa zamkuwa. Fusarium bowa ndi olimba kwambiri: pochiza 70% amawonongedwa, ndipo otsala 30% omwe amatha kukhala otukuka ndi kukhala okhudzidwa pazifukwa zabwino. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'nthaka komanso m'matumbo a orchid kwa nthawi yaitali..
Kupewa
Pofuna kupewa fusarium, ndikwanira kutsatira malamulo osavuta kudziwika.
- Kukhazikitsa nthaka chinyezi ndi mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito chipinda komanso kumasula nthaka.
- Kusunga chikhalidwe cha kutentha kwakukulu (osachepera 15 madigiri).
- Musanayambe kuziika, tengerani nthaka gawo lapansi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Musamazunze madzi okwanira. Pewani chinyezi chokhazikika.- Kuonetsetsa kuunika kokwanira, kutsatira malamulo a feteleza ndi feteleza.
- Ndizosafunika kuti nayitrojeni ikhalepo m'nthaka, popeza chigawocho chimachepetsa chitetezo cha orchid ndipo chimachititsa kuti ziwonongeke.
- Yang'anani nthawi zonse orchid ndi pamwamba pa nthaka mumphika wa matenda.
Musamazunze madzi okwanira. Pewani chinyezi chokhazikika.Choncho, fusarium ndi matenda oopsa a fungali. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'maluwa otchedwa orchid kudzera m'mizere yobiriwira, kudzera mu mizu kapena nthaka yoipitsidwa. Chithandizo chimafuna kuchitika mwamsanga. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mizu, zomera zimamwalira. Kupewa kotetezeka - chisamaliro choyenera komanso kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zoyenera.
