Ambiri mafaniziro a mphesa sadzaima kuti apeze chirichonse chokhudza mitundu yatsopanoyo, ndipo ngati mukufuna, imbani pa chiwembu chanu. Mu
Kawirikawiri, mitundu yatsopano imakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, opambana kuposa onse oyambirirawo.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, lero, mtundu wosakanizidwa wamphesa wopangidwa ndi amateur amalima, omwe amadziwa bwino zambiri za chikhalidwe, akhala otchuka kwambiri.
Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi mphesa ya "Furor", yomwe yatchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso zake.
Komabe, cholinga cha nkhaniyi sichidzangotanthauzira zosiyana siyana, komanso momwe mungachilimire bwino pa chiwembu chanu.
"Furor" - mphesa kwa malo anu: zizindikiro zazikulu
Mphesa yamphesa iyi ndi imodzi mwa zolengedwa za amateur breeder, wotchuka kwambiri muzing'ono zozungulira za winegrowers - V. Kapelyushny. Pogwiritsira ntchito mungu wosakanikirana ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe simukuidziwa, mitundu yosautsa yomwe imawombera Laura wotchuka kwambiri, adapeza mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Furor. Chotsatira chake, icho chakhala chimodzi mwa mafayilo apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amalingalira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Kukhazika mtima pansi mphesa iyi ndi yolondola zodabwitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikule osati m'madera akummwera omwe amadziwika bwino ndi chikhalidwe ichi, komanso pakati pa Russia, komanso pamene akukhalabe. Ambiri amene amakonda mawonekedwewa amatchedwa "Furor" mphesa zamtsogolo.
Chomwe chiri chapadera kwambiri pa maburashi a mphesa za Furor: kufotokozera kukula, mawonekedwe ndi makhalidwe a zipatso
Fomu yowakanizidwayi imayenera kutchulidwa kuti ndi mphamvu pakati pa mitundu ya mphesa. Pambuyo pake, masango ake amatha kufika kukula kwakukulu panthawi yakucha, yomwe ili yofunika kwa nzika zamba.
Olemekezeka ndi mawonekedwe awo osakanikirana ndi omasuka, chifukwa zipatsozo zimayikidwa pa izo sizolimba. Kutalika kwa burashi imodzi kungakhale 20-25 sentimita.
Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zochitika za mphesa "Furor" ndi zipatso zake. Zochita zawo zimangokhala zochititsa chidwi: pafupifupi kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 4, ndipo m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi 2.8. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi amodzi kumasinthasintha pakati pa 25-30 magalamu. Zonsezi zimatsimikizira kuti izi zipatsozo ndi zazikulu ndipo mukhale ndi mawonekedwe opota, opera. Mtundu wa khungu lawo panthawi ya ukalamba wathunthu umakhala wakuda kwambiri, uli ndi pang'ono.
Makhalidwe abwino a mtundu wosakanizidwawo ndi ofunika kwambiri, amadziwika ndi mchere wambiri, womwe uli ndi madzi ambiri. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kukoma kumagwirizana komanso kosangalatsa, makamaka chifukwa cha kukoma kwa nutmeg.
Mavitaminiwa amakonda makamaka dzino labwino, chifukwa ali ndi luso lotha kusonkhanitsa shuga. Makamaka, panthawi ya kukula kwawo, chiwerengerochi chikukwera kufika 21-23%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mlingo wa acidity nthawi zambiri sungakhale 7 g / l.
Furora zipatso zimakondweretsa ngakhale omwe amadana ndi zikopa za mphesa. Pambuyo pake, mphesa iyi idyidyidyidwanso ndipo, chifukwa cha nyumba yake yowuma, sizikumveka bwino.
Kodi zinsinsi zonse za zokolola za mphesa "Furor" ndi ziti?
Kubala zipatso kwa mbeuyi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri moti chitsamba sichimatha ngakhale kukwaniritsa zipatso zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pake. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, chitsamba chikusowa nthawi zonse normalization.
Sikuti zokhazokha zosafunikira ndi masango amachotsedwa, komanso mbali ina ya mphukira zobala zipatso, mapasa onse ndi mphukira zomwe, poyerekezera ndi ena, zimafooka kwambiri. Ndi zonsezi, chitsamba chokula molimba "Furora" mopanda mantha, mukhoza kusunga maso 35-40.
Kuphulika kwa mphukira za zosiyanasiyanazi ndipamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mwayi wawo waukulu umakhalapo chifukwa chakuti umadutsa m'mawu oyambirira.
Ponena za nthawi ya nthawi, yomwe chitsamba chimafuna kupanga mapangidwe ndi kucha zipatso, mawonekedwewa amatchulidwa mofulumira kwambiri. Zomera za mphesa zotchulidwazo zakwaniritsidwa kale mu masiku 105-110. Chifukwa cha izi, kale m'masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa August, mukhoza kuyamba kulawa zipatso za zokolola zatsopano.
Komabe, atangomaliza mphesa za kukhwima kokhazikika, sikutheka kuziphwanya. Mabungwe ali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri kupitilira kwa nthawi yaitali pomwe kuthengo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, makhalidwe ake onse amakhala ofanana, okhudzana ndi maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, ndi kulawa.
Ubwino wokula fomu ya mphesa: mwachidule za zofunika kwambiri
Kuyenera kwa mphesa "Furor" kumeneko kulibe zambiri. Imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi mtundu wakuda wa khungu, onse kukula kwa zipatso ndi kukoma komwe sikuli kwa mphesa zoterozo. Koma kupatula izi, iye ali:
- Ndondomeko yabwino ndi zabwino zokometsera mabulosi.
- Kukoma kwabwino, kudyedwa ndi khungu.
- Zokolola zakutchire ndi kuphweka pa kubereka: monga mbewu yokhazikitsidwa, ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi malonda a mitundu yonse yodziwika lero.
- Transportability of zokolola, momwe zipatso zimasungidwa bwino pa tchire, popanda kugwa kapena kuvulaza.
- Ngakhale kukoma kwake kodabwitsa kwa zipatso, iwo sakhala osakhudzidwa ndi zowawa.
- Kuperewera kwa zipatso, ngakhale kuti pali zipatso zochuluka zedi, izi zingachitike.
- Maonekedwewa akutsutsa chisanu cha chisanu, chimene ku Russia nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopanda chifundo, chimakhalanso pamwambamwamba. Zowonongeka kapena masamba sizinawonongeke pa -24 † †. Koma ndi kuthekera kwa kwambiri frosts, chitsamba ndi bwino kuphimba.
- Good kukana fungal matenda, kuphatikizapo powdery mildew, oidium ndi imvi nkhungu.
Kawirikawiri, mphesa ya "Furor" imaonedwa kuti ndi yabwino kuti ikule mumtundu umodzi, pa malo osungirako masewera, komanso chifukwa chodzala mafakitale m'mizere. Chofunika kwambiri komanso chosavuta kubadwa.
Zowonongeka ndi zoperewera za mtundu wosakanizidwa "Furor"
Koma sizodabwitsa, komabe wochuluka kwambiri komanso wokolola kwambiri ankaganiza kuti chimodzi mwazovuta za mphesa iyi. Pambuyo pa zonse, kuti musangotuta zokolola zambiri, koma zabwino ndi zazikulu, mudzafunika kutumbirira kwambiri pamtambo, kuchotsa zonse zosafunikira ndi zofukula. Zochita zoterezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe masamba omwewo ndi kutsegula masango ku dzuwa.
Chitsamba chodetsedwa chimakhalanso cholimbana ndi matenda a fungal, chifukwa ndi bwino mpweya wokwanira.
Komanso, ngakhale kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa madonthowa, m'zaka zina (pamene zipatsozo zikugwedezeka) zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbeu. Pachifukwa ichi, kuwawona iwo pamtunda wanu kuli bwino kuti ayambe kuzunzidwa mwamsanga.
Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kupanga msampha wosavuta: onjetsani makapu ndi madzi okoma kwambiri pafupi ndi chitsamba, momwe muyenera kuwonjezera zinthu zina zoonongeka kuti ziwombedwe. Ponena za chitetezo ku tizirombo, koma mphesa "Furor" imasowa kupopera mankhwala, omwe sagwiritse ntchito ntchito yanu yambiri komanso nthawi monga njira zina zonse.
Mphesa "Furor": malangizo a kubzala nokha pa chiwembu
Kwa omwe adayamba kuyambitsa kubzala mphesa, njirayi ikhonza kuwoneka yovuta komanso yovuta. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kusankha mbande kapena musakonzekeretse cuttings, moyenera kukumba dzenje, musati muwerenge ndi feteleza ndikupatsanso chitsamba ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Tidzayesera kunena zambiri momwe zingatithandizire pazolondola, koma mwachindunji pofotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Kusankha chitsamba cha mphesa malo ndi zinthu zabwino za kukula
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yobzala mphesa - zikhalidwe zakunja, zomwe zingathandize kuti zikhale zachilengedwe, ndipo zimawaletsa kwambiri. Choyamba, mphesa ziyenera kubzalidwa bwino, makamaka kuchokera kumbali yawo ya kumwera. Chifukwa chaichi, chitsamba chidzakhala chokwanira komanso kutentha ndi kuwala kwa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kucha.
Ngati tilingalira mfundo yakuti Ndikofunika kuteteza mphesa kuchokera kumpoto. (zikhoza kukhala zoopsa panthawi yamaluwa), ndiye mbali ya kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumba yanu kapena malo ena okhalamo adzakhala abwino kwa mbewuyi.
Komanso, ogulitsa vinyo amagwirizanitsa kwambiri mtundu wa dothi limene zomera izi zabzalidwa. Inde, mosasamala kanthu kuti chomerachi sichimawombera, ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zabwino, ndi bwino kusankha nthaka yabwino.
Chifukwa cha izi, sikofunikira nthawi zambiri kuti azidyetsa kuthengo.
Mphesa zimakula bwino pa chernozem kapena ku dothi lina. Chikhalidwe chofunika cha nthaka ndi kuya kwa madzi pansi. Ngati ayandikira pamwamba mamita 3, ndi bwino kukumba dongosolo la ngalande pamodzi ndi dzenje la mpesa kuti madzi asayambitse mizu.
Komanso, mpesa umakonda mapiri ndipo amafunikira malo ambiri kuti amere mphukira ndi mizu. Zangwiro chiwembu chodzala wamtali chitsamba "Furora" - 3-4x5-6 mamita. Timasankha nthawi yolima minda
Zotsambazi zingabzalidwe popanda mavuto onse m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Pankhaniyi, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyana-siyana zowzalera - kuchokera kumtengowo, musanadzalemo mbande zobiriwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthambi.
Zosakaniza za 1-2 zaka zimakololedwa m'dzinja, koma panthawi yomweyi kudula kudulira kumawongolera. Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri amaona kuti ndibwino kwambiri kubzala ndi kusinthanitsa mphesa.
Komabe, pakali pano pali vuto lalikulu kwambiri - chitsamba chikhoza kuvutika ndi chisanu popeza sizidzakula padziko lapansi, koma zidzasungidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zina zimakhala zomveka kusunga sapling, monga cuttings, kufikira masika ndikubzala kokha ndi kufika kwa kutentha.
Poyamba, nthawi yobzala mphesa idzakhala mkatikatikati mwa nthawi yophukira (osati mofulumira kwambiri, kotero kuti imayamba kukula, koma osati mochedwa kwambiri, kotero kuti iyo isaimitse). Koma m'chakachi mbande zoterezi zingayambe kubzalidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa March ndi pafupi mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, poganizira zozizwitsa za kasupe ndi nyengo ya dera lanu.
Kenaka mutengapo kubzala kwa mbande zobiriwira. Iwo amakula kuchokera ku cuttings, omwe mu February adatsitsidwira m'madzi kuti apeze rooting kapena obzalidwa m'nthaka ngati chomera. Popeza kuti kale ali ndi masamba obiriwira, kubzala kwawo muyenera kuyembekezera nthawi yotentha kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zina imapezeka m'masiku oyambirira a June.
Anthu okwera ndege angathe kufalitsa mphesa pafupifupi chaka chonse. Ndipotu, mphukira za mphesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazimenezi, zomwe zimaikidwa m'manda pang'ono. Muli bwino, amayamba mizu mwamsanga, chifukwa chake mukhoza kufalitsa mphesa mwanjirayi nthawi zambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mphesa mitundu ya vinyo.
Zikuyenera kubzala bwino mphesa
Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndi kukonzekera kwa feteleza ndi dzenje limene amaika. Pa chifukwa ichi, kuya kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 80, ndipo ndiyene m'lifupi.
Mbali zake zazikulu ziyenera kukhala nthaka yachonde ndi humus. Manyowa amchere, monga nitrogen, superphosphates ndi potaziyamu mchere, amawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono. Zonsezi ziyenera kusakanizika bwino ndikuziika mu dzenje, ngati n'kotheka, zimagwirizanitsa ndi kutsanulira mbeu zina za nthaka yopanda umuna kuteteza mizu ku feteleza. Gombe mu dziko lino latsalira kwa masabata awiri kuti zonse zitheke ndipo pokhapokha muyenera kuyamba kubzala mmera.
Kusankhidwa kwa ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yofunikira. Chofunika kwambiri tcherani khutu ku mizu, umboni wa mkhalidwe wabwino womwe udzakhala mtundu woyera wa mizu.
Musanabzala, imayikidwa m'madzi kwa kanthawi. Pambuyo pake, mmerawo ukhoza kutsetsereka mu dzenje, koma pa mlingo wa mizu ya mizu (ndiyeneranso kulingalira zotsalira za nthaka). Ayenera kudzazidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu, komanso kuti asachoke pamabotolo a ndege pafupi nawo.
Mutabzala mphesa Chitsamba ndi madzi ndi 20-30 malita a madzi. Komanso, musaiwale za thandizo kwa iye, mwinamwake chitsamba chidzakwera pamodzi ndi kukula. Sungani nthaka pozinga ndi moss kapena utuchi.
Kodi mungamangirire bwanji phesi kumsika?
Kuchita izi moyenera ndi moyenera ndi kofunika:
- Konzani kudula pasadakhale, 2-3 masentimita m'litali, kudula mbali yake pansi.
- Kuti perefi idulidwe ndikuchepetsanso gawolo mu madzi, komanso kuti mulowetse mu njirayi ndi zokopa za mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mizu (kukonzekera "Humate").
- Konzani katundu, kuchotsa chitsamba chakale mpaka masentimita 10 a hemp, kuyeretsa mdulidwe pamwamba ndikupanga choyera ndi chosaya kwambiri.
Pambuyo pokonzekera, katemera womwewo umadutsa. Zili mu mfundo yakuti phesi imayikidwa mugawidwe wa katundu ndi gawo lake lochepetsedwa ndi kulimbika mwamphamvu. Ndibwino kudyetsa katundu wa thonje x / b, omwe ali ndi mphamvu komanso pambuyo pa chaka kuti awononge okha. Komanso, katunduyo akulimbikitsidwa kuvala ndi dothi lonyowa, lomwe lidzapulumutse ku matenda ndikusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pambuyo pake, katunduyo amathiriridwa mochulukira, chithandizo chimasinthidwa, ndipo nthaka imayendetsedwa. Ndi kubereka kotereku, chitsamba chidzakula mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti kale chili ndi zida zambiri zosatha, nkhuni zokhwima bwino, ndi mizu yopangidwa bwino.
Momwe mungakulitsire chipatso cha chitsamba champhesa cha Furor mothandizidwa ndi chisamaliro: mwachidule za chinthu chachikulu
- Kotero kuti chitsamba chikhoza kukhala ndi zakudya zokha zomwe zimasowa chinyezi. Ndipotu, kuchuluka kwake kungawoneke bwino pa chipatso, koma kumakhalabe ndi dothi lachinyezi ndi zina zowothirira, komanso kukulitsa nthaka pamtengo.
- Chabwino zimakhudza zokolola za mphesa kudya, zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza zomwezo monga mukukonzekera dzenje. Ndondomekoyi ikuchitika nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira.
- Kudulira mphesa za mphesa "Furora" inachitiranso m'dzinja, kuchotsa mabowo 6-8. Zimathandizanso kuwonjezera kukula kwa chipatso.
- Kum'mwera kwa Ukraine ndi Russia, mphesa iyi siingakhoze kuphimbidwa, koma m'madera ozizira ndi bwino kulakwitsa. Onetsetsani kuti mubisala mitengo yaying'ono mutabzala.
- Chithandizo cholimbana ndi matenda a fungalaka chikufunika chaka chilichonse pofuna kupewa. Chitsamba chimapulitsidwa 2 nthawi isanafike maluwa komanso nthawi ina panthawi yopanga zipatso zamtsogolo pa inflorescences.
