"Caspar" - Mitundu ya ku Denmark yoyamba kucha, imene yakhala ikudziwika pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apadera. Amayi ambiri amaika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, chifukwa samataya mawonekedwe awo ndipo amakhala odekha pambuyo pa kusungidwa, zomwe sizili choncho ndi mitundu yambiri. Taganizirani phwetekere "Caspar", maonekedwe ake ndi kufotokozera.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Kaspar ali ndi tchire chokwanira chomwe sichidutsa mita imodzi mu msinkhu. Koma, ngakhale kukula kochepa kwa tchire, iwo amadzazidwa kwambiri ndi zipatso. Mphukira ya phwetekereyi nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa kulemera kwa mbeu.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a tomato "Caspar" motere:
- Kutseka koyambirira. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira yoyamba isanayambe kukolola, pasanathe miyezi inayi. Mbewu imayamba kusonkhanitsa kumapeto kwa June - oyambirira August.
- Zonse. Zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano komanso zam'chitini.
- Zingakhale zowonjezereka mu nyengo yotentha komanso pamalo otseguka, popanda kutaya makhalidwe abwino.
- Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana siimayambitsa matenda ambiri amene amachititsa mitundu ina ya tomato, ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo.
- Osasankha kuti nthaka izikhala. Zitha kukhala zosiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana, posamalira bwino nthaka.
- Lili ndi khalidwe la kusunga bwino. Zipatso zimalekerera kayendetsedwe kopanda kutaya mawonekedwe a maonekedwe okongola, opanda opunduka ndi osasintha makhalidwe a kukoma.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba tomato anawonekera ku Peru, kumeneko ndi kumene iwo anayamba kukula kuti asamamwe, ngakhale anthu a ku Ulaya asanatuluke m'dera lino.
Zochita ndi phindu la kukula
Chofunika kwambiri cha phwetekere "Caspar" ndi zokolola zambiri. Chitsamba chimodzi pa nyengo chikhoza kubala pafupifupi 2 kg ya zipatso. Mungathenso kuwonetsa ubwino wotsatira wa zosiyanasiyana:
- kudzichepetsa kukulitsa chikhalidwe;
- akhoza kuchita popanda kukanikiza;
- Sifunikira malo akulu ndi malo omasuka kulima.
Zina mwa zofooka za mitundu zingathe kudziwika kuti ndizoopsa "Caspar" nsonga zowola, zomwe zimakhudza zomera pamene adakali pa siteji ya mapangidwe a mbande.Kufotokozera za zipatso za phwetekere "Caspar"
Zipatso za tomato "Caspar" ali ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- Iwo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amafanana ndi tsabola wa Chibulgaria, ndipo amakhala ndi "spout".
- Zipatso zomwe zili pang'onopang'ono zowonongeka zimasiyana ndi mthunzi wobiriwira, pamene zipatso zokhwima zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira.
- Tomato ali ndi acidity pang'ono ndi yotchulidwa kukoma.
- Nthanga ya phwetekere ndi yandiweyani ndi yowopsya; kudya zipatso zatsopano, ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
- Popeza masamba a tomato amasiyana mosiyana, samataya ndipo samayenda, kutaya khungu.
Kukula tomato wosadulidwa
Kukula tomato yabwino ndikupeza zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kuganizira zina mwazithunzi zomwe zikukula, komanso kusamalira zomera. Talingalirani iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi
Kufesa mbewu za kukula mbande ziyenera kukhala kumapeto kwa March. Musanafese, mbewuzi ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu njira yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate, (kukhala ndi mthunzi wa pinki pang'ono). Mbeu izi zitatha ndi mankhwala a potassium permanganate, ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi ozizira. Tomato ndi osamvetsetsa ku gawo lapansi. Ndibwino kuti mugwirizane ndi gawo lapansi la pansi, loam, humus ndi kompositi, kapena ingogwiritsani ntchito peat nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mosasamala kanthu kuti dothi linagulidwa m'sitolo kapena liphatikizidwa mosasamala, ndi bwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, popeza tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikukula mwamsanga.Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka kuchokera m'munda kapena mabedi. Sodland ndi yabwino kokha kuchokera kumadera kumene udzu wosatha umakula. Humus iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ili ndi zaka zitatu. Nthaka ikakonzedwa, m'pofunika kufesa mbewu zowonongeka ndi kuziphimba ndi dothi kuti nthaka isanjike ndi 1-2 masentimita. Pamene masamba atatu akuwonekera pa mbeu iliyonse, chisankho chiyenera kuchitidwa. Ngati mubzala mbande mu mapiritsi a peat, ndiye kuti simungasankhe, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kukula mbande. Kuthirira mbande ndi kofunikira ngati dothi la pamwamba liti limalira.
Mitundu ya tomato yakucha kumaphatikizaponso mitundu "Kuthamanga", "Mfumu", "Sanka" ndi "Kuphulika".Ndikofunika kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti kuti musamapangitse nthaka. Ndi bwino kudyetsa mbande katatu pa kukula, pakuti izi nthawi zambiri zovuta fetereza kwa mbande ya tomato ndi abwino. Mbewu isanakonzekere kubzala pamalo otseguka, iyenera kukhala yovuta kwa milungu iwiri. Pa nthawiyi, nkofunika kutenga zotengera ndi mbande kumsewu, kumangoyamba maola awiri pa tsiku, ndiyeno tsiku lirilonse kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe mbeu zimathera pamsewu ndi ora limodzi.
Kubzala mbande pansi
N'zotheka kudzala mbande pamalo otseguka masiku 70 mutabzala mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yofika imadalira nyengo ndipo imayenera kuchitika pamene chisanu sichiwonetsedwanso, nthawiyi imatha kumapeto kwa May.Posankha nthaka yabwino ya tomato, mpweya wokwanira, kuyima kwa madzi ndi kubereka ziyenera kuganiziridwa, zizindikiro zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zokwanira. Kumalo omwe akukonzekera kudzala "Caspar", akulangizidwa kuti azilima masamba monga nkhaka, anyezi kapena kaloti. Mitsuko ya kubzala mbande iyenera kukumbidwa molingana ndi 50 cm ndi 70 masentimita, ndiko kuti, payenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 50 pakati pa tchire ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri pakati pa mizera. Pafupifupi 7 mbande za phwetekere amabzala pa mita imodzi.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Caspar amafunika kuthiriririra nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda pang'ono. Ndibwino kuti musapitirize kuthirira ndi kuthirira, ngati n'kotheka kuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda ndi zowola. Kuthirira kumayenera kudzachitika panthawi ya kuyanika kwathunthu kwa dothi la pamwamba. Kuvala "Caspar" kumalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere, zomwe zimakhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kusakaniza koteroko kungadyidwe pafupifupi 4 nthawi pa nyengo. Kudyetsa koyamba kuyenera kuchitika pakapanga chipatso. Zotsala katatu feteleza ziyenera kupangidwa pambuyo pa mwezi woyamba.
Mukudziwa? Nyamayi si masamba, monga ambiri amaganizira, mu zipatso za botani amaonedwa kuti ndi zipatso. Mu 1893, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mayiko a zamalamulo, Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri ku United States linazindikira kuti tomato ndiwo ndiwo zamasamba, ngakhale kuti khoti linanena kuti zipatsozo zinali za zipatso, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi zomera.
Choncho, n'zosavuta kukula Kaspar pakhomo, chinthu chofunikira ndikuganiziranso zina mwazomwe mukulima mbande ndikutsogoleredwa ndi malangizo odzala ndi kuwasamalira.
