Amanyalanyaza mosamalitsa ndipo amalekerera mosiyanasiyana mitundu ya Russian yozizira yosiyanasiyana ya pepala ya Rogned

Dzina lina lachikazi Rogned limatchedwa mapeyala osiyanasiyana a mapeyala omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'minda yomwe ili pafupi ndi Moscow.

Ndi anthu ochepa chabe omwe amadziwa kuti chilango cha mtsikana wamng'ono wa Polotsk, dzina lake Rogneda, adakhumudwa kwambiri. Sizinangokhalako mwangwiro kuti chiwembucho chinayambira maziko a opera a dzina lomwelo ndi A. Serov.

Koma zipatso za mapeyala sizifanana ndi masewero a mbiriyakale - zinakhala zokongola, zokoma ndi zonunkhira, ngati kamtsikana kayeziyezi zobiriwira.

Rogned Pear - kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, chithunzi cha zipatso, ndemanga ndi ndondomeko za wamaluwa pamapeto pake.

Mbiri yobereka

Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala, hybrid inalengedwa mwachangu monga nyengo yozizira Central, North-West ndi Volga-Vyatka ku Moscow Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazeva.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1987, wakhala akuyesedwa, ndipo mu 2001 iye anaphatikizidwa bwino mu Register Register ndipo analimbikitsa kunyumba minda ndi minda zamalonda, ndipo monga lonjezo kwa kuswana.

Wovomerezeka m'minda pakati pomologov - Gennady Petrovich Rylov (Mlengi wa oyamba m'dziko lathu laling'ono) amadziwa mapeyala osiyanasiyana monga imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri pakati pa Russia pa zovuta za makhalidwe obadwa nawo.

Ndipo chachikulu ndi chimodzi mkulu wachisanu hardiness, amadziwika m'badwo wachitatu kuchokera ku pepala la Ussuri ndi mitundu ya mitundu ya anthu yomwe yakhazikika kumpoto kwa dera la Leningrad - dziko la Finnish chikasu.

Zosangalatsa kwambiri zolimba zachangu zikuwonetsanso: Orlovskaya Kukongola, pokumbukira Zhegalov, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Talgar wokongola ndi Tyoma.

Malingana ndi chigawo cha nyengo yomwe imalimbikitsidwa, oyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Rognedu amadziika okha monga:

• kumapeto kwa chilimwe;
• oyambirira autumn;
• m'dzinja.

Kukoma kwake kumatchedwa "Rognedu" kwa mitundu ya mchere, komanso kugwirizana ndi quince (Ba-29) kumapanga njira yokonzanso zinyumba zapakhomo ndi ntchito yodalirika, ngakhalenso wachisanu chokha.

Zodalirika kwambiri pazinthu za kupulumuka ndi mbande mpaka zaka ziwiri: mizu yawo siidapweteke pamene ikukololedwa mu malo odyetserako ziweto ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusintha kumalo atsopano.

Zowononga zizindikiro

Kodi ndizinthu zotani zomwe "Rogneda" adawona GPRylov ngati zopindulitsa?

Choyamba:

• chisanu kukana ndi kuvulaza chisanu;
• zovuta kutsutsa mitundu yambiri ya matenda Rosaceae;
• Kuyamba kolowera ku fruiting (kwa chaka chachitatu);
• kukoma koyambirira ndi zolemba za nutmeg;
• zokolola zazikulu (50 makilogalamu pamtengo);
• kukongola kwamtengo wapatali ndi khalidwe labwino la kusunga zipatso (mpaka miyezi iwiri pamtunda wotsika);
• zofuna zochepa pa chikhalidwe cha ulimi;
• kuswana chiyembekezo.

Kudzichepetsa kungadzitamandire: Bere Russkaya, Silent Don, Fairy Tale, Svarog ndi Larinskaya.

Kuchokera ku kholo la ku Ulaya "Rogneda" zipatso zokhala ndi choloŵa chololedwa. Ndipo pakukonza mayesero kunawonetsera khalidwe lina lobadwa nawo: fruiting zosasintha.

Pedigree ya wosakanizidwa watsopano

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Rogned pear, kufotokozera ndi chithunzi chake chomwe chidzakhala chocheperapo, chinapangidwa mwa kudutsa mitundu yomwe ilipo pamadera angapo poyamitsa mungu. Yoyamba, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, inalembera ku chipatala cha Khabarovsk mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala oyambirira - "Tyoma".

Anapirira kupirira kwa nyengo Ussuri pear ndi Baltic wosakanizidwa wa mtundu wosankhidwa - "Chikasu cha Finnish". Pogwirizana ndi izo, mitundu itatu ya ana omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ofananawo anali okonzedwa: "Minda", "Olga" ndi "Lida".

Zosakanizidwa zatsopano zonse zinali ndi zoyambirira (zipatso za apulo-ngati)Pambuyo pake, nsonga zonse za mapeyala zinayamba kugawidwa m'magulu awiri (mwa mawonekedwe a zipatso):

• kuzungulira ("lukashovki" - dzina la wofalitsa);
• anawombera (dzina lakale la Chirasha la mapeyala, kukopedwa kuchokera ku chinenero cha Chi Polish).

Choncho, makolo a Rogneda anatsimikiziridwa zaka zambiri. "Lukashov"-" Tyoma ".

Anapereka kwa wosakanizidwa watsopano:

• mawonekedwe a chipatso;
• mphamvu yakukula ndi kubala zipatso kumpoto kwa gawo la Ulaya, Siberia ndi Far East. M'dera la Amur limakula ngati mawonekedwe a stanza, yomwe imakhala yabwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira yotentha;
• kupitilira alumali moyo;
• kukolola kwakukulu kwa zipatso;
• mphamvu yowonetsera nthawi ya maluwa yokhala ndi ubereki (monga njira).

Wina wachiwiri wa Rogneda anali I.V. Michurin amakonda kwambiri kusamba - mitundu ya Belgium. "Forest beauty", yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe osapitirira 30 omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana siyana.

Zovomerezeka za ku Ulaya zinapereka mtundu wosakanizidwa:

• zokolola zazikulu kwa zaka 15-20 za msinkhu wobereka;
• mikhalidwe yogula malonda;
• Kusamalidwa kwa nthaka ndi mapangidwe a nthaka;
• kulekerera kwa chilala;
• chisanu hardiness;
• kukhazikika.

Rogned zosiyanasiyana tsatanetsatane

1. Malingana ndi matanthauzo atatu a kukula kwa zipatso, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovuta limatanthawuza kwa sing'anga champhamvui.e. kukula kwake ndiko mkati mamita 10. Mtengo wa mtengo ndi wofanana.

   Crohn anafika, nthawi zina pyramidal, koma osati wandiweyani, chifukwa chachidziwikire cha kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Thunthu ndi nthambi za chigoba zimakhala zofiira, zosalala.

2. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira, zofiira kwambiri, zokhota pang'ono, zimafalitsa pang'ono mpaka kumapeto. Fruiting amapereka ana aang'ono.
3. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi masamba obala komanso obala omwe amawoneka mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake. Yoyamba imapanga chivundikiro chamtengo cha mtengo, chachiwiri - maluwa osabala kapena obala.
4. Zosiyanasiyana "Rogneda" zikufotokozedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana monga wokhazikika komanso osowa nyamakazi. Maluwa kudzibala yekha kumadalira kukula kwake kwa mphutsi komanso mphamvu zawo zozizira. Kuperewera kwa mungu ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwa ziwalo zamwamuna za maluwa ndi njira yopitilira kudzipha.

   Mapeyala "Kumbukirani Anzin" ndi "Chizhovskaya" akulimbikitsidwa mitundu yomwe imakhudza zipatso za maluwa a Rogneda - kaŵirikaŵiri amadziwika kuti akuswa nyengo yozizira ya hardiness yomwe imakhala yochokera ku laboratories yoswana ku Moscow Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazeva.

   Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Rogned" yokhala ndi chonde ndipo iyenso ndi yovomerezeka polliner.

   Nkofunikira: Kuti mphamvu ya feteleza ikhale yothandiza, tizirombo ta mungu timayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yofanana ndi mungu wosakanizidwa. Olima munda amalimbikitsanso chitsimikizo chokwanira kuti mukhale ndi malowa mpaka mitundu itatu ya mapeyala omwe amasiyana ndi kucha.

• Masamba a peyala - wobiriwira wobiriwira, wobiriwira, wofiirira, wooneka ngati mazira; atayima pakatikati; m'mphepete sizinapangidwe; onetsetsani ndi tsinde la makulidwe a sing'anga.
• Zipatso ndizochepa, kuzungulira (mpaka 120 gr.)Ali ndi khungu lofewa bwino, koma lamene, koma amaluma mosavuta. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi wovuta: wachikasu-chikasu ndi bulawuni chowoneka pa nthawi ya kukula.

  Machada ambiri obiriwira a mdima amawala kudzera mu chivundikiro cha zipatso. Maselo a miyala samadziwika kwambiri pofufuza.

  Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, mafuta ochepa, a beige, omwe ali ndi mitsempha yambiri, shuga (7.5%) ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zamadzimadzi (0.1%), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipatsochi chikhale chokoma kwambiri.

  Mapeyala a kalasi iyi ndi ofanana zolemba zowala za nutmegzomwe zimawapatsa fungo labwino lakumwera congeners. Dessert Mitengo ya zipatso imayesedwa pa mfundo 4.1 pa chilakolako chokoma.

• Mtengo umalowa mu gawo la kubala pa zaka 3 za moyo.
• Zipatso zoposa zaka 20 popanda mwakhama nthawi zonse.
• Kuchita bwino kwa zaka kumasinthasintha, nthawi zina kufika pamtunda - 100 makilogalamu pamtengo. Choncho, muzaka zothandiza kwambiri ngakhale akulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa 50% mwa mavalasi pambuyo kugwa kwachirengedwe.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala imasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Samara Kukongola, Bere Bosk ndi Tatiana.

• Zipatso zakucha zimapezeka kumayambiriro kwa August kapena zaka zake zitatu (tsiku lenileni limadalira dera lakulima, kumene mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatchulidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kumayambiriro kwa autumn kapena yophukira).
• Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi cholowa chizoloŵezi chogwaChoncho, kukolola n'kofunika mpaka mutakula mokwanira. Zipatso zokolola zimasungidwa kwa sabata imodzi pansi pazochitika zonse Miyezi iwiri - muzigawo za firiji.
• Mapeyala a zosiyanasiyana amenewa amachepa ndi matenda a fungal, kusakanikirana ndi nkhanambo ndi nkhungu zakuda.
• Zotentha kwambiri m'nyengo ya kuyembekezera zinatsimikiziridwa zosiyana yozizira hardiness "Rognedy".

Nkofunikira: Peyala ndi yopanda ulemu, ngakhale dothi lolemera dothi kapena mchenga akhoza kukhala yoyenera, chinthu chachikulu ndi nthawi yake yodyetsa chomeracho ndi zinthu zakuthupi.

Chithunzi

Zizindikiro za kukula

1. Peyala salola kulekerera. Choncho, ayenera kupeza kamodzi kokha malo abwino m'munda. Kum'mwera madera a peyala okonda kutentha nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa Kumadzulo kwa dzuwa pafupi ndi makoma a nyumba.

   Wolimba "Rogned" amamva bwino komanso kumpoto chakum'maŵa kapena kumpoto kwa malowa, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti chipale chofewa chomwe chimaphimba chomeracho mpaka masika sichimakhala chonchi pamene chimasungunuka (peyala sichifuna chinyezi chokhazikika).

   Kusungunuka pang'ono kwa chivundikiro cha chisanu kumapulumutsa peyala kuti asawotchedwe ndi dzuwa lomwe limayambitsa mitengo ya zipatso kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Momwemo, izo zidzamuchitira iye. mbali yowonjezereka ya munda, wotetezedwa ku mphepo zonse.

2. Njira yamakono yobzala peyala ndi yofanana ndi yobzala mtengo wa apulo:
   
   • miyezo yofanana ya dzenje (m'mimba mwake 50cm, kuya - 0.7m);
   • kubzala nyemba pamtunda wa nthaka ndi humus;
   • mpanda kumpoto;
   • Kuyala molondola kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malo a khola la mizu (5 masentimita pamwamba pamphepete mwa dzenje);
   • mapangidwe a mizu yozungulira;
   • kuthirira;
   • mulching ndi peat.

   Langizo: Kudyetsa mbande kawirikawiri kumayamba kuchokera pakanthawi kolowera ku fruiting gawo (pambuyo pa zaka 2-3).

3. Kwa peyala, zigawo zinayi zonse za zovuta zowonongeka zikuyenera:
   • kuthirira (mpaka kasanu pa mwezi pa chidebe m'mawa ndi madzulo); Chofunika kwambiri ndiko kuthiriririra nthawi ya kucha zipatso ndi kuika masamba a m'tsogolo kukolola; kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumasinthidwa ndi nyengo, kuyandikana kwa madzi pansi komanso kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira;
   • kuchepetsa: pakufika - pa 1/3; chaka chilichonse asanatsegulidwe impso; kudulira nthambi zachinyengo; kupatulira kuti achoke mphukira zamphamvu;

   Nkofunikira: Ndi kudulira kulikonse sikungapitirire ¼ nthambi zambiri!

   • kumveka pamwamba (urea, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, rock phosphate, potaziyamu kloride, potaziyamu sulphate, phulusa, ammophos, nitroammofoska) mlingo woyenera pa nthawi yovomerezeka ya zomera;
   • kupopera mbewu monga njira yothetsera mankhwala a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timachita ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi fungicides, komanso njira zowonjezera (infusions, solutions, etc.).
4. Korona wa peyala imakula chaka chilichonse ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40, kotero ndikofunika kupereka tsogolo la nthambi zake mutabzala mtengo. Choncho, m'pofunikanso kukhala malo odyera "Rogneda" 15 mamita mita imodzi m'munda. Ndipo ngati mutabzala mitengo motsatira, ndiye Pakati pa thunthu lapafupi liyenera kukhala mamita 4-5.

Peyala "Rogned" savuta, monga mukuonera, moyo wanu, koma idzakongoletsa munda ndipo idzasangalatsa banja. Pakati pa mitundu yodzichepetsa ndiyeneranso kumvetsera mitundu: Krasnobakaya, Hera, Cathedral, Krasulia ndi Lada.