Buttercup - therere losalala lokhala ndi maluwa okongola modabwitsa. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe aminda omwe ali ndi mitu yayikulu. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Ranunculaceae. Mtunduwu suyimiriridwa osati ndi mitundu yokongoletsera, komanso namsongole wokhala ndi caustic ndi madzi owopsa. Mabuluwa ndiofala nyengo zotentha komanso nyengo yozizira ku Northern Hemisphere. Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso madzi abwino. Dzina lasayansi la ranunculus - "ranunculus" - limachokera ku liwu loti "chule". Amaperekedwa kuti athe kulima komwe anthu okhala ndi moyo amakhala.
Kodi buttercup amawoneka bwanji?
Buttercup ndiwosatha kapena pachaka wokhala ndi mphukira zowongoka mpaka 20-3000 cm. Imakhala ndi mizu yotupa, pamachitidwe omwe ma kanjedza, kangaude amapangika. Pa thunthu lakukhazikika pali masamba enanso omwe ali ndi mbale zolimba kapena zopindika. Imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira. Masamba samasiyana masikono akulu, nthawi zambiri kutalika sikupita 6 cm.
Mu June-Julayi, maluwa okongola amaphuka pamwamba pamitengo. Amatha kukhala osavuta kapena terry, ofanana ndi maluwa a maluwa ndi maluwa. Chiwerengero cha maluwa ndi angapo 5 (mochepera 3). Dongosolo la corolla limatengera mitundu ndipo limatha kukhala 2-10 cm. Utoto wa maluwa ndi wosiyana kwambiri (womveka kapena wamotali): nsomba zowala, zofiirira, zachikasu, lalanje, kirimu, zoyera. Pakatikati pake pali zolembapo zazifupi ndi mafimbi. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Maluwa odulidwa amayimilira mu bokosi kwa pafupifupi sabata.
Pambuyo kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo, zipatso zovuta zimapangidwa - mizu yambiri. Kucha, amaphulika palokha, kumasula nthangala za fleecy convex. Pa chipatso chilichonse pamakhala anthu angapo.
Yang'anani! Madzi a buttercup ndi owopsa. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu loti "owopsa", lotha kuwononga nyama ndi munthu. Zitha kubweretsa mkwiyo pakhungu ndi poyizoni, chifukwa chake ntchito zonse zimachitika ndi magolovesi, komanso osaloleza nyama ndi ana kuti azikongoletsa.
Mawonedwe apakale
Pakalipano, mitundu yoposa 400 yazomera ikuphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa buttercup, ndipo mndandandawo ukupitilirabe.
Acid buttercup (khungu usiku). Herbaceous osatha 20-50 masentimita okwera amakhala ndi zimangwa zomera. Nthambi imapezeka kutalika konse kwa mphukira, koma osati kawirikawiri. Pansi pake ndi yokulirapo, pafupifupi yolimba. Timapepala tokwera tosiyana kwambiri, tokhala ndi timzera tating'ono. M'mwezi wa June, maluwa osavuta achikasu omwe amakhala ndi miyala yambiri 5 amawonekera. Pakatikati, sizidutsa 2 cm.
Golide buttercup (wachikasu). Wokhala mitengo yopanda chimbale imamera kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Pali pafupifupi masamba opanda tsinde. Rosette yoyambira imakhala ndi masamba okhala ndi matayeti azitali zazitali zazitali. Pamwambapo pali masamba owoneka bwino. Maluwa ocheperako achikasu amakhala ndi calyx yokhala ndi belu lopanda mawonekedwe. Amaphukira mu Epulo-Juni.
Zowonda buttercup. Zomera zosatha zokhala ndi mphukira zokulirapo za 15 mpaka 40 cm muutali zimazikika mosavuta pakumera ndi nthaka. Pesi limakutidwa ndi mulu waufupi. Masamba obiriwira a Petiole amakula kutalika kwake konse. Maluwa osavuta achikaso achikasu amakhala ndi mitundu 5. Zawululidwa kale kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Buttercup ndi chakupha. Chomera chaching'ono kapena pachaka chokhala ndi mpunga wolimba, chophukira chimakula kutalika kwa 10-70 cm. Pa mphukira ndi masamba otseguka katatu ndi mbali zopindika. Ma ovoid wide lobes ndimtundu wakuda wobiriwira. M'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, ma ambulansi ochepa okhala ndi maluwa owala pang'ono (7-10 mm) maluwa otambalala amawoneka pamwamba pa mphukira.
Ranunculus asiaticus (asiaticus). Wosatha wokhala ndi tsinde lokhazikika mpaka masentimita 45 wamera masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino. Mu Julayi, maluwa amatulutsa maluwa, omwe amakhala okhaokha kapena zidutswa za 2-4 mu inflorescence. Amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo amakula masentimita 4-6.
Gulugufe wayaka. Chomera chosatha chopanda chopanda kubala kapena cholimba chimakula 20-50 cm kutalika. Nthambi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a Rhomboid kapena chowulungika. Masamba apansi amalumikizidwa ndi mapesi ataliitali, ndipo apamwamba ali pa tsinde. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (0.8-1.2 cm) amakula okha ndipo ndi achikuda achikuda. Madzi a mbewuyo ndi oopsa ndipo amakwiyitsa khungu.
Madzi amchere. Wokhala m'madziwe akunyanja aku Australia chifukwa cha mphukira zokwawa ndizochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5 mpaka 20. Chomera chimawoneka chokongoletsa kwambiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mazithunzithunzi am'madzi.
Buttercup ndiwochulukitsa. Herbaceous osatha 40-80 masentimita kutalika kwake kuli komata, nthambi zopindika ndi kupindika pang'ono. Masamba opindika nawonso amakhala. Idakulitsa lobesolate lanceolate ndi mapepala oyenda. Maluwa osavuta achikasu amakongoletsa chomeracho kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka August.
Buttercup Sayan. Chomera chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba opindika 20-30 masentimita chimakula masamba ozungulira kapena wooneka wamtima wazifupi masentimita 2-3. Omwe amatsika amapezeka pa petioles lalitali, apamwamba amakhala osalala. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maluwa amtundu wachikaso wokhala ndi cholandirira tsitsi amawonekera.
Buttercup Kashubian. Chomera chosatha chokhala ndi tsinde lolunjika mwachokhacho kumtunda, kutalika kwa 30-60 cm. Masamba onse ndi ozungulira kapena owoneka pamtima ali pa petioles pamunsi pa mphukira. Masamba akumtunda ndi amisamba, yaying'ono. Maluwa amodzi amtundu wachikaso m'maso mwake ndi masentimita 2-3. Amaphukira mu Epulo.
Kukongoletsa munda buttercup
Gulu lazomera limakongoletsa kwambiri komanso limadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri:
- Buttercup Masha. Chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lophuka mpaka 30-30 cm wamtali, chimamasula pawiri maluwa okhala ndi petals yoyera ndi malire owala.
- Terry buttercup (peony). Maluwa akuluakulu olimba ndi pafupi ndi pafupi.
- Chifalansa Maluwa owoneka kawiri okha amakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya petals.
- Chipereya. Maluwa ochepa osavuta kapena awiriawiri.
- Freaky. Amaluwa ndi maluwa owala, otambalala.
Njira zolerera
Buttercup kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kugawanika kwa nthiti. Popeza ma buttercups ambiri okongoletsa sapereka zakudya kwa ana, mbewu zogulidwa ndizofunikira pakufesa.
Mbande zoyamba kubadwa. Mwa izi, kale theka lachiwiri la February mbewu zofesedwa m'mabokosi ndi mchenga peat kapena lotayirira dothi dothi ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi loonda. Amathiriridwa bwino ndikuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zowonekera. Nyumba yobiriwira imasungidwa pamalo owala ndi kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Mphukira zimawoneka bwino mu masiku 15-20. Kuchokera pano, phukusi limachotsedwa ndipo potoyo imasamutsidwira kuchipinda chofunda (+ 20 ° C). Kuwala kuyenera kusinthika, koma kwakukulu. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito phytolamp. Masamba 4-5 akaonekera pa mbande, imakwiriridwa mumipoto yosiyanasiyana ya peat.
Chaka chilichonse, mizu yatsopano imamera pamizu. Akakumba mu Seputembala, amasiyanitsidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mizu sikhala mumsewu. Amakonda chipinda chozizira (+ 19 ... + 21 ° C). Chapakatikati, ma cones amabzalidwa pabedi lamaluwa.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Mabulosi abzalidwe m'munda kumapeto kwa Meyi, m'mene chisanu chitha. Sankhani madera amdzuwa kapena pang'ono ndiotetezedwa kuti musakonzekere. Kudziwitsidwa nthawi zonse ndi dzuwa mwachindunji ndikosayenera, chifukwa maluwa amakhala osakhalitsa komanso ochulukirapo.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono. Kupezeka kwapafupi kwa nthaka yapansi pamatsutsana. Ndikofunika kusankha dothi lotayirira mwachilungamo. Malowa amakumbidwa pasadakhale ndipo maenje akukonzekera kuzama kwa mizu. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mchenga kapena vermiculite pang'ono umathiridwa pansi pa dzenje lililonse. Kuwala ndi bwino kuchita ndi mphika kapena mtanda waukulu wam'madzi ndi khosi lamizu.
Tizilomboti timanyowa m'madzi otentha kwa maola 12 m'madzi ofunda omwe ali ndi potaziyamu permanganate ndi chothandizira kukula. Zobzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 8-10. Nthaka imapangidwa ndikuthirira madzi ambiri.
Kusamalira mbewu kwina sikulemetsa kwambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi mabedi akumasamba, chotsani namsongole ndikuphwanya kutumphuka padziko lapansi.
Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Pokhapokha ngati kulibe mpweya, bedi la maluwa limamwetsedwa kawiri pa sabata. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti, mbewu zimafunikira kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi kuti ma tubers akhwime ndipo osavunda. Ndi mvula ya nthawi yayitali, minda yodzala ndi zojambulazo.
Masiku onse 15-20, buttercup amadyetsedwa ndi mchere wama mineral. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, mankhwala a nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pakubwera kwa masamba, amasintha kupita ku potaziyamu-phosphorous.
Kupangitsa maluwa kukhala abwino, nthawi yomweyo dulani maluwa opuwala.
Gulugufe ndiwofesa mbewu za thermophilic, chifukwa chake satha kuzizira panja. Mukugwa, nthaka yonse ikayamba kuuma, timizere timakumbidwa. Zouma m'malo opumira komanso kusungidwa mu nsalu kapena miphika ndi keke.
Ranunculus nthawi zambiri samadwala, makamaka ndi fungus matenda omwe amayamba ndi kusefukira kwamvula nthawi zonse. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi kutsika kwa maluwa ndi maluwa omwe sanaphuke. Komanso, zoyera zofiirira kapena zoyera zimawoneka pamasamba ndi zimayambira. Ngati matenda atapezeka, ndikofunikira kusiya kwakanthawi ndikutsatira mankhwalawa.
Mitengo ya akangaude ndi maula zimakhala mumtengowo kuchokera ku majeremusi. Ngati ndizosavuta kuchotsa oyamba mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo, ndiye kuti ndizovuta kuchotsa nematode. Amapezeka m'matumbo a buttercup. Mutha kubowolerana mbewuyo ndikutsuka bwino ndi mizu pansi pa shafa lotentha (50 ° C).
Zothandiza katundu
Ngakhale ranunculus imawonedwa ngati chomera chakupha, m'miyeso yaying'ono imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zolimbitsa thupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka ndi mankhwala wamba. Madziwo amakhala ndi ma saponins, mafuta ochulukirapo, ma tannins, glycosides, ascorbic acid. Kuyamwa kumathandizira kupanga hemoglobin ndikuthandizira dongosolo lamanjenje. Kunja, masamba atsopano ndi mafuta odzola okhala ndi decoctions ndi kulowetsedwa kwamadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda olowa, gout, lupus, scabies, calluses.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musapitirire kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, m'malo mongodzikonzekeretsa. Komanso, chithandizo cha buttercup chimaphatikizidwa mwa amayi apakati komanso oyembekezera, komanso anthu omwe amakonda kuchita ziwengo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Tunda wamtchire kapena buttercups yosavuta ndi mitundu yayikulu, yowala imakhala chokongoletsera chabwino cha bedi la maluwa osakanikirana. Kutengera kutalika kwake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kapena pakati pa dimba la maluwa, komanso m'miyala yamapiri, kumapiri a alpine kapena m'malire a mix. Mitundu ina imalimidwa bwino mumiphika, monga zokometsera nyumba. M'munda wamaluwa, buttercup nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mabelu, maluwa owaza chimanga, makamu, zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse.
