N'zosatheka kulingalira munda wopanda peyala "Elena"

Peyala - imodzi mwa zipatso zakale kwambiri zopangidwa ndi munthu.

Mitengo yokonda moto imakula makamaka m'madera otentha.

Kuwuluka kwa mitundu yamakono yopanda chisanu kwawonjezera kukula kwa mapeyala kumalo osungunuka.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Mapeyala "Elena" akuphatikizapo oyambirira m'nyengo yozizira. Zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa September. Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa zipatso mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi atatu mutatha kucha, mwinamwake iwo amagwa pansi.

Kusungidwa atachotsedwa kuchoka pamtengo (popanda kutaya kukoma ndi maonekedwe) m'chipinda chozizira mpaka miyezi inayi.

Mitengo yachisanu imaphatikizaponso mapeyala: Yanvarskaya, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya, Feeriya, Nika ndi Lyra.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Zosiyanasiyana mapeyala "Elena" (ali ndi dzina lachiwiri - "Gehine") limalimidwa kumwera ndi Central Black Earth madera a Russia.

Kuti mupeze zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri, chiŵerengero cha kutentha kwachangu mmalo olima mitundu yosiyanasiyana chiyenera kukhala kuyambira 2600 mpaka 3000 ° C

Mitunduyi inalengedwa mu 1960 ku Armenia (Research Institute of Viticulture, Wine-Making and Fruit-Growing) ndi wofalitsa wotchuka PG Karatyan. mwa kudutsa mitundu "Forest Beauty" ndi "Winter Bechurna Michurina".

Mtundu wa mapeyala "Elena": ndondomeko ndi chithunzi

Mitengo kukula kochepa kapena kochepa, khalani ndi korona ya pyramidal ya digiri yamapiri. Zipatso zoyamba zimaonekera patatha zaka 5-7 mutabzala.

Mitengo imamera ndi kuika zipatso chaka chilichonse, ngakhale pansi pa nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Kawirikawiri zipatso za mtengo zili pafupi 40 makilogalamu a zipatso.

Palinso mitundu yodzikweza: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk ndi Tatiana.

Zipatso za izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zokongola lalikulu (150-200 g), wozungulira-wozungulira. Gwirani phesi lalifupi lalifupi lopindika. Mtundu wa mapeyala pa nthawi yakucha ndi wobiriwira-chikasu ndi pang'ono.

Zipatso za chipatso ndi zokoma, zowirira mu kapangidwe, mokwanira yowutsa mudyo, ali ndi lokoma lokoma ndi wowawasa kukoma.

Makhalidwe ogulitsa zipatso amakhala oyamikira kwambiri, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso muchitini.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa zosiyanasiyana ndikuwona mapeyala "Elena" mu chithunzi pansipa:

Zizindikiro

Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi monga mkulu kukana matenda a fungal. Mitengo imakhudzidwa kwambiri nkhanambo ndi septosporiosis.

Frost mitundu kalasi "Elena" pafupifupi Modzidzimutsa zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chinaperekedwa pa nyengo (kusakwanira okwanira panthawi yokolola kwambiri kumatulutsa mtengo komanso pakadutsa chimfine chomera).

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Anabzala zomera za peyala ngati masika ndi autumn. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndiyo mapeto a April (frosts zolimba zatha kale) ndi zaka zoyamba ndi ziwiri za October (pafupi mwezi pamaso pa chisanu choyamba).

Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana izi amakonda loamy nthaka. Nthaka imeneyi imalola zomera kupereka zabwino (muyeso ndi kuchuluka) zokolola. Mitundu ina ya dothi (dothi kapena mchenga) musanadzalemo zomera zimayenera kusintha.

Nthaka yolemera (kuonjezera kutengeka kwa mpweya) imadzipulidwa ndi peat, mchenga wambiri ndi kompositi. Dothi la sandy limapindula mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa humus, kompositi ndi peat.

Pitani chifukwa chodzala mtengo wakumba kukumba osati masentimita 70 masentimita komanso pafupifupi mamita 1 m'kati mwake. Pansi mungathe kuponya zitini zazing'ono ndi zikopa za mtedza.

Makamaka ayenera kulipira kubzala mapeyala m'madera osungirako pansi.

Kutsefukira kwakukulu kwa mizu kungachititse imfa ya mtengo.

Pofuna kupewa izi, pa chiwembu kukumba zina za grooves kuti zisawonongeke chinyezi.

Njira ina yokula mitengo m'madera ozizira ndi kubzala pamwamba kapena kupanga mapiri okongolazomwe zimapangidwira pamene zimabzalidwa.

Mitengo yosamalira:

• Kudulira
  Kudulira mitengo kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi yolandirika kwambiri pa ntchito ndi mwezi wa March. Cholinga cha njirayi ndi kuchotsa zouma ndi zakufa za mtengo ndi nthambi zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa akale.

  Mbali yodabwitsa ya mapeyala osiyanasiyana "Elena" ndi malo a nthambi zazing'ono kuti apereke zokolola zonse. Kudulira kwa nthambi kumathandizanso kupanga korona wa mtengo ndi kulamulira digiri ya zomera thickening.

• Kupopera mbewu
  Chithandizo chachikulu cha mankhwala opatsirana (kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda) a mitengo chikuchitika kumapeto kwa April (May-May) panthawi ya mphukira komanso pambuyo pa maonekedwe a mapeyala.

  Nthawi yachitatu mitengo imathiridwa 2-3 masabata mutatha kuchipatala. M'tsogolomu, m'nthawi ya chilimwe njira zochizira ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali zizindikiro zomveka bwino za matenda.

Chenjerani! Mitundu yonse yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ayenera kuyimitsidwa osachepera mwezi umodzi isanakwane yokolola.

• Kupaka pamwamba
  M'chaka choyamba, mapeyala sangathe kudyetsa. Manyowa amayamba m'chaka chachiwiri mutatha kutuluka.

  Mu May, kudya koyamba ndi feteleza a nitrogen - urea kapena saltpeter.

  Pa nthawi yomweyi perekani ndikutsatirani zinthu. Pa nthawiyi, zowonjezera (zomera zomwe zimapangitsa nthaka kupanga bwino ndikuzilemeretsa ndi nayitrogeni) zikhoza kufesedwa pamtengo.

  Mitengo yabwino ya peyala ndi mpiru, phacelia, lupine, clover ndi nyemba. Pa kugwa, zomera zimaphula ndi kupereka zakudya zochuluka kwa peyala.

  Kudyetsa kwa mapeyala kumachitika m'dzinja. Panthawiyi, phosphate-potaziyamu ndi organic (kompositi, phulusa, humus, laimu, mchere wa tebulo, etc.) feteleza amabweretsa pansi pa korona wa mtengo.

• Kuthirira
  Mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala ndi yovuta kwambiri ponena za chinyezi. M'miyezi ya chilimwe, nkofunika kuti musalole nthaka kuti iume pansi pa mitengo ndikuwawombera nthawi zonse.

  M'dzinja, isanayambe isanayambike chisanu, amathera mitengo yachinyontho. Pachifukwa ichi, mabwalo oyandikana nawo Madzi wambirimbiri akuya 50-80 masentimita.

  Chochitika ichi chimapangitsa mitengo kulekerera chisanu nthaka yowonongeka siimadzimitsa kwambiri, nthaka imapuma ndipo mizu imatenga madzi m'nyengo yozizira.

Kukaniza chisanu kumasonyezedwa ndi mitundu yotsatira ya peyala: Uralochka, Silent Don, Tema, Perun, ndi Memory ya Zhegalov.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kalasi iyi zolimbana ndi matenda a fungal, mitengo sifupi ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html ndi septoria.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, matenda ena amatha mapeyala (khansa yakuda, zowola zipatso, dzimbiri, powdery mildew), osatetezeka komanso zotetezera, chifukwa zimavulaza mitengo ndi zipatso.

Nkhuku zazikulu zomwe zingayambitse peyala - Ndi aphid wobiriwira, peyala moth, listoblushka, peyala mite ndi masamba.

Njira zazikulu zothana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo - Izi zimapopera mankhwala a mapeyala ndi agrotechnical miyeso (kuwotcha masamba okhudzidwa, kuwonongeka kwa zipatso za matenda ndi ziwalo za mtengo, kukumba mitengo ikuluikulu, etc.) kusamalira mitengo.

Kulimbana ndi matendawa, monga nkhanambo imasonyeza mitundu: Oryol Kukongola, Oryol Chilimwe, Marble, Limonka ndi Victoria.

Mapeyala osiyanasiyana "Elena" ali ndi ubwino wambiri ndipo kusamalira bwino kumapereka zokolola zabwino.