Mwa mitundu yonse ya ndiwo zamasamba, tomato ndiwo mankhwala otchuka kwambiri. Iwo amakula pamakontinenti onse kupatula pazigawo zoyenda. Otsata akugwira ntchito yobereketsa chisanu ndi mitundu yosalala ndi chilala, kupeza zipatso zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, zokolola zambiri. Popeza phwetekere ndi masamba okonda kutentha kwambiri, mitundu yake yopanda kuzizira imayamikiridwa kwambiri. Imodzi mwa mitundu iyi ndi "Snowdrop", zambiri zomwe ziri pansipa.
Zamkatimu:
- Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
- Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
- Nthaka ndi feteleza
- Mavuto akukula
- Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
- Kukonzekera Mbewu
- Zokhudzana ndi malo
- Njira yobzala mbewu
- Kusamalira mmera
- Kuwaza mbande pansi
- Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda
- Zochitika kunja
- Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
- Kuthirira
- Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
- Masking
- Belt girter
- Kupaka pamwamba
- Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
- Kukolola ndi kusungirako
- Mavuto ndi malingaliro
- Video: tomato zosiyanasiyana
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Nyamayi "Snowdrop" - oyambirira kucha ozizira zosakanikirana, cholinga cha kulima mu wowonjezera kutentha zinthu ndi lotseguka pansi. Zipatso za zipatso zonse zimakula masiku 80-90 mutabzala pansi. Chomeracho chikuyimiridwa ndi chitsamba chamtali chamtundu (mpaka 120 cm). Tsinde - yowongoka, yosinthasintha. Mzu ndi mtundu wa ndodo, wosalimba, wongopeka komanso nthambi.
Mukudziwa? Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, phwetekere phwetekere inkalamulira m'machitidwe a chikhalidwe cha ku America. Otsatsa ena amatcha zipatso izi, zina - ndiwo zamasamba. Cholinga cha funso la phwetekere chinaika Khoti Lalikulu, amene anaganiza kutchula tomato masamba mu kulengeza ndi zipatso - mu zolemba za botanical. Misonkho yowonongeka kwa tomato inachepa, monga masamba analipira msonkho pamunsi kuposa zipatso.
Mizu ya mlengalenga yomwe imapanga pamunsi mwa tsinde imalola chomera kufalitsa ndi kupina. Masamba - aakulu, ojambula, odulidwa mu lobes osalinganika. Maluwa a snowdrop ali ndi utoto wobiriwira, apange brush yozungulira. Matimati amatha kudzipangira mungu, choncho sichidalira mungu chifukwa cha tizilombo. Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi kuposa mitundu ina ya tomato - kulemba chisanu kukana ndi kucha msanga. Ngakhale m'masiku ochepa a masana, zipatso zimabereka pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndipo zimatha kukolola pambuyo poyamba nyengo yozizira.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Mitengo yokhala pakati yobiriwira yamaluwa imakhala yozungulira, yochepa kwambiri, yomwe imafika 150 magalamu a kulemera kwake. Tomato ndi okoma, ali ndi mapiritsi abwino. Zosiyanasiyana - zopindulitsa mosalekeza. Ngakhale muzovuta, zimapereka zipatso zosachepera 6 kg kuchokera pa 1 lalikulu. mamita. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsitsimutsa, komanso salting.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Posankha mmera, choyamba mvetserani zaka zake (mulingo woyenera - masiku 50-60). Panthawi imeneyi, pali masamba 10-12 oyambirira pa tsinde. Tsinde lafika penipeni penipeni ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 35-40. Mzuwu uyenera kukhala wopangidwa bwino, wopanda kuwonongeka kooneka. Onetsetsani kuti mbeu zomwe mumagula zimakhala zofanana - zomera zoterozo zidzakula bwino ndikukupatsani nthawi yokolola.
Mukudziwa? Palibe amene akudziwa mosakayikira kumene tomato kwenikweni adapezedwa. Zolemba zenizeni za asayansi zimagwirizana pa gawo la Chile wamakono. Pafupi ndi malire a dziko lino akudutsa malo ochepa. - Dziko lachilumba kumene chikhalidwe ichi chinakula ndi anthu ammudzi nthawi yayitali nyengo isanafike.
Pewani mbande zomwe zimagulitsidwa mtolo. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zovulaza kwambiri m'midzi yosalala chifukwa chosowa bwino komanso kusowa chinyezi ndipo zimatengera nthawi yotseguka.
Musanagule mbande, yang'anani pansi pa masamba ake. Ziyenera kukhala zoyera, popanda zotsatira za powdery mildew ndi mabala a mazira. Mitundu yambiri yodzala masamba ndi nsonga zowonongeka zimasonyeza feteleza mopitirira muyeso ndi nitrojeni feteleza pofuna kukakamiza mofulumira - kupewa zomera zotero.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Zabwino kwambiri kuti tomato akule bwino nthaka yovunda yopanda pakhosi, yomwe imadutsa chinyezi ndi mpweya. Nettle, alfalfa ndi nkhaka ndizomwe zimayambitsa tomato. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala tomato kumene nightshade idakula - mbatata, tomato, eggplant, tsabola wokoma.
Tikukulangizani kuti muganizire kufunika kwa nthaka acidity kwa zomera, momwe mungadziwire kuti acidity ya nthaka ndi momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Kukonzekera kumunda kumayamba mwamsanga mutatha kukolola kotuta. Nthaka imayenera kuchotsedwa namsongole ndi zotsalira za tsamba, kukumba mpaka akuya masentimita 50 ndi kumasulidwa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, dera lomwe limasankhidwa kuti likhale tomato liyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi madzi otentha nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitabwera kuti awononge mphutsi ndi mazira a tizirombo. Pa mita iliyonse ya lalikulu ayenera kusiya ma lita atatu a madzi otentha. Pofuna kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, konzekerani kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat. Sakanizani nawo mofanana. Gawani chisakanizo chosakaniza pa malo osankhidwa (2 kg pa 1 sq. M.) Ndipo muzisindikize ku kuya kwa masentimita 20-25. Tulukani pamwamba.
Kupititsa patsogolo kogwirizana ndi zokolola zambiri za tomato zimapereka mchere ndi organic feteleza. Musanabzala mbande, maminitsi a manyowa amaperekedwa muchitsime chilichonse. Chakudya chachiwiri chikuchitika patatha milungu iwiri chitatha. Pangani mchere wosakaniza wa 15 g wa nayitrogeni, 25 g wa potashi ndi 60 g wa feteleza phosphate. Sakanizani zosakaniza 10 malita a madzi - bukuli ndilokwanira 20-25 tchire.
Kuonjezera nthaka ndikudyetsanso zomera, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza: udzu, zitowe za nkhunda, Florex granulated ntchentche nkhuku, ufa wa fupa, chakudya cha nsomba, whey, pepala ya mbatata, kompositi, chimanga cha eggse, nthore ya nthochi ndi fumbi la fodya.
Chachitatu chimadyetsa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa ndi ofooka njira ya mullein (0,5 makilogalamu pa 10 l). Chachinayi chikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya fruiting: 10 malita a madzi, 20 g wa superphosphate ndi 70 g ya phulusa.
Mavuto akukula
Malo omwe amapatsidwa mabedi a phwetekere ayenera kukhala ofunda, otetezedwa ku mphepo ndi bwino. Tomato ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa, zimatambasula ndi kutembenuka, ndipo zokolola zachepa.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mungasankhire nthawi yabwino yobzala phwetekere mbande.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbande zikuluzikulu zimakhala kuchokera ku 23% + madigiri 25. Kutentha m'munsimu +10 ndi pamwamba + madigiri 35 kumawononga zomera. Chinyezi pa nthawi ya kulima ndi kupanga mapangidwe a mazira oyenera kumasungidwa pamtunda wa 50-60%, chinyezi cha nthaka - 70-80%.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Kugula mbande pamsika ndi bizinesi yoopsa. Simungakhale ndi chidaliro pa wogulitsa komanso mumbewu yomwe idzamera pamunda wanu. M'malo mwake, mbande zimakula m'nyumba, mofulumira mizu kumunda, ndipo mumapeza bwino zipatso zomwe zikuwerengera.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri za phwetekere zimakhala zolemera pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi atatu magalamu. Mlandu wa phwetekere wa phwetekere ndi wa American dzina lake McCoy. Mu 2015, mlimi wochokera ku Minnesota anakwanitsa kukula chipatso cholemera makilogalamu 3.8.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Poyamba, sankhani mbewu zabwino kwambiri kwa omwe munagula. Konzani njira ya saline ya 10 g mchere ndi 250 ml madzi ofunda. Ikani nyemba mmenemo, sungani ndi kuyikidwa pambali kwa mphindi khumi. Mbeu zabwino panthawiyi idzamira pansi, ndipo mbewu zapamwamba zidzasunthira. Sungani njira yowonjezerapo ndi mbeu zoipa, tsutsani anthu abwino ndi mchere pansi pa madzi.
Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwamsanga mukatha kuvala, muwabatizeni tsiku limodzi mu zakudya zamkati kuti muwonjezere zokolola. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira zamasitolo, potaziyamu humate yankho kapena madzi a mbatata monga sing'anga. Kuwombera mbewu za tomato mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate Kuonjezera kumera kwa mbewu, kumera. Pewani nyembazo mu nsalu yochepa kwambiri pa nsalu yapafupi, yesani nsaluyo kumalo osaya komanso moisten ndi madzi ambiri. Sungani mbeu kwa masiku atatu, ndikuwazapo nsalu ndi botolo lopopera pamene likuuma.
Ndikofunikira! Tomato musalolere dongo dothi ndi dothi ndi mkulu acidity. Ngati dera lanu lili losavuta, onjezani 20 g wa phulusa la nkhuni ndi 10 g wa choko wosweka pa kilogalamu ya peat osakaniza.
Njira yomalizira ikuwumitsa. Idzakonzekera mbeu pa kutentha. Fukutsani chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku gauze ndikuchiyika pamodzi ndi mbewu mu furiji kwa maola 12. Chotsani mbewu ku firiji ndikuzisiya kutentha kutentha kwa maola 12 otsatira. Bwerezani kuumitsa katatu.
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Kulima phwetekere ndizofunikira kwambiri zopanda kanthu (mpaka 10 cm) mabokosi a matabwa okhala ndi mabowo pansi. Ikani mapepala osaya tcheru kuti madzi owonjezera apite ku nthaka particles. Lembani masambawo ndi nthaka yosakaniza tomato. Mukhoza kugula m'masitolo apadera, kapena mutha kuphika nokha: Tengani magawo awiri a humus, magawo awiri a peat ndi 1 gawo la mchenga wa mtsinje, sakanizani bwino ndikuwonjezera 7 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 g wa phulusa la nkhuni pa makilogalamu 10 a osakaniza.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamapulasitiki kuti azikula mbande. Chidebe chotere sichilola oxygen yokwanira, dothi lingakhoze kuthothoka ndi kuwawa. Pulasitiki ikhoza kukhala sitayi yokha kusonkhanitsa madzi, pakuti mbande ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamatabwa.
Njira yobzala mbewu
Bzalani mbewu zonse panthawi yomweyi kuti mutsimikizire zofanana zomwe zilipo. Sungani nthaka yokonzedweratu, dikirani mphindi khumi ndikudula mpweya wa masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndikukhala mozungulira. mfuti. Phimbani zitsulo ndi filimu yakuda kwambiri, kuziika pawindo lotentha-sill. Sungani kutentha mkati + 25 ... + madigiri 28 ndi chinyezi 75-80%. Tsiku ndi tsiku, pezani filimuyi kwa mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuti muzitha kuyendetsa dothi ndikuchepetsa chinyezi. Ngati ndi kotheka, fulani dothi kuchokera pamsampha wopopera kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi. Mbande ziyamba kuyamba kulavulira patatha masiku 4-5 mutabzala.
Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro zonse za kumera kwa mbeu za tomato ndi kubzala kwawo.
Kusamalira mmera
Chofunika chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti thanzi ndizo kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Ngati maola am'derawa ndi ochepa m'deralo, yikani nyali za fluorescent pamwamba pa mbande ndikuzipatsa maola khumi ndi awiri.
Sabata yoyamba, sungani mbande mu nyengo ya chinyezi chakuya. Chotsani filimu pang'onopang'ono, kuonjezera kusiyana pakati pa 10-12 masentimita tsiku lililonse. Sungani nthaka tsiku lililonse, imwanireni kuti isaumitse ndipo musayende. Imwani nyemba ndi njira ya mizu, kuwaza iwo kumavulaza. Sikulakanso kuvomereza mbande. Sungani kutentha pa + 18 ... +20 ° С ndipo chitetezeni mphukira pazithunzi. Yambani feteleza masiku 20 mutabereka. Kamodzi pa sabata, kuthirani mbande ndi njira yofooka ya guano kapena yokonzedwa bwino feteleza yochokera ku biohumus. Mlingo womwe umasonyezedwa pa phukusi, kuchepetsa ndi theka.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Ulaya, tomato anawoneka ndi dzanja la manja la Apwitikizi m'zaka za zana la 16. Poyamba, chomeracho chinkaonedwa ngati chakupha, poyesera kudya phwetekere kumatha kupha poizoni. Nthano ya kuopsa kwa tomato inangowonongeka kotheratu mu 1822 ndi katswiri wamkulu wa ku America wotchedwa Johnson, amene adadya chidebe cha zipatso izi pamaso pa anthu ambirimbiri.
Sankhani tsiku 10 la kulima. Mbewu imamera mu makapu osiyana. Samalani - chipinda chadothi chiyenera kukhala pa rhizome kuti chomeracho chisavulaze panthawi yoika. Kuvutikira kumayambira pafupi masabata awiri mutatha kumera. Pa tsiku loyamba la dzuwa, tenga nyembazo ndi mbande ku khonde lotseguka kapena veranda ndikuzisiya kwa mphindi 5-7. Kuvutikira kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse nthawi ya "kuyenda" ndi mphindi 10-15. Bweretsani nthawi yovuta kwa maola atatu patsiku.
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Ngati munayamba kufesa kumapeto kwa February, ndiye kuti mutha kubzala mbande mutseguka pa 20 masabata. Konzekerani kubzala malo kumalo ndi mbali ya masentimita 40. Pakati pa malowa, chemba mabowo 10-12 masentimita pansi. Pansi pa phando lirilonse, kanizani mchere wambiri ndikuphimba madzi otentha kumtunda.
Ndikofunikira! Sankhani tsiku lamtambo ndi lozizira loponyera. Mbande yomwe imabzalidwa kutentha, yochepa mizu ndipo, motero, imapereka zochepa zokolola.
Dikirani mpaka madzi atengeka, kubwerezani madzi okwanira. Pomwe madzi achoka, sungani mbande ku zitsime, kukulitsa masambawo masentimita 3-4 pamwamba pa mizu ya mizu. Fukuzani mbewuzo ndi dothi, pang'anani pang'ono. Thirani 0,5 malita a madzi ofunda pansi pazu wa chitsamba chilichonse.
Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda
Kwa iwo omwe sanapeze nthawi yokonzekera mbande kapena alephera kukula mbande zabwino, kuika mbeu za phwetekere pamalo otseguka n'koyenera.
Dziwitseni ndi njira zotsatila za phwetekere zotsatirazi: pawindo, mu hydroponics, mu cochlea, molingana ndi njira ya Maslov ndi Terekhins.
Zochitika kunja
Tomato "Snowdrop" - chisanu chosagwira chikhalidwe, chomwe chingakhale chimodzimodzi bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi lotseguka pansi. Mu wowonjezera kutentha ndizotheka kuunikira zomera ndi nyali za fulorosenti, kukhalabe ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse. Tomato kumera kuthengo kumadalira kwambiri nyengo, choncho amafunika chinsalu chowonjezera cha filimu makamaka ozizira ndi mvula.
Malo abwino kwambiri okhutira tomato ndi mabedi owotcha ndi nthaka yosakhwima, yotetezedwa ku mphepo ndi ma drafts. Chosankha chabwino chidzakhala mabedi omwe palibe kanthu kamene kakulimbidwa kwa zaka zingapo mzere. Mukhoza kutenga nthaka yomwe yosatha zitsamba, nkhaka, kabichi anakulira pansi pa tomato.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Musanafesa mbewu pansi, zizimerenizi - izi zidzachepetse nthawi yolavulira masiku 10 mpaka 4. Ziwongoleni kwa maola 10-12 mu kukula kokondweretsa, ndiyeno kusakaniza ndi mchenga woyera mtsinje mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10. Konzani mabedi molingana ndi ndondomekoyi. Pansi pa phando lirilonse, khalani ndi humus ndi supuni ya supuni ya phulusa, ngati simukudziwa bwino za nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, woyang'anira wa George Washington wotchedwa Bestley adanyozedwa ndi boma la Britain ndipo anayesa kumupha pulezidenti ndi mbale pogwiritsa ntchito tomato. Washington adalawa chakudya ndipo adazindikira kukoma kwake kodabwitsa, ndipo mtsogoleriyo, wouziridwa bwino, adafotokoza kuti pulezidenti adafafaniziridwa ndi lipoti la mkulu wa asilikali a Chingerezi. Nkhaniyi inadziwika ndi anthu ngati "Ntchito ya phwetekere" patapita zaka zingapo.
Lembani zitsime ndi madzi mpaka pamtunda, dikirani mpaka madzi atengeke, ndipo mubzalani mbeu 3-4 mu chitsime chilichonse. Dulani ming'oma ndi nthaka, pang'onopang'ono mutenge nthaka ndikuyikhathamiritsa ndi botolo. Kubzala mbewu mu nthaka ziyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi tsiku lililonse kutentha kwa 10 ° C.
Kuthirira
Mitundu ya tomato "Snowdrop" imayenera kuthirira madzi osambira. Kuthirira kumathera ngati kuyanika kwa dothi, pamwamba pazomwe ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka. Mu nyengo yamvula yamvula musamamwe madzi okwanira. Ndi mvula yambiri imaphimba mabedi ndi filimu yakuda.
Dzizindikiritseni ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mowa, komanso phunzirani momwe mungakhalire dongosolo la ulimi wothirira ku dacha.
Kutentha, imwani tomato tsiku lililonse, ndithudi m'mawa. Pansi pa aliyense chitsamba cha tomato 1.5-2 malita a madzi ayenera kupita, ndipo pansi pa wamkulu chomera - 4-5 malita pa nthawi. Tengani madzi kuti ukhale wothirira, kutentha kutsika kuposa madigiri + 20.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Timayesetsa kupitilira nyemba panthawi imodzimodzimodzinso kumasula, popeza namsongole amamasulidwa mosavuta. Pambuyo pa weeding, gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yomwe yatuluka m'malo mwa namsongole wamsongole ndikusungunula pang'ono. Mumasula masabata asanu ndi awiri tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pa mvula kapena madzi okwanira. Kutsegula kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndikuphwanya kutsetsereka kwapamwamba komwe kumapangidwa pambuyo kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Samasulani nthaka mozama kwambiri kuposa masentimita asanu ndi asanu mu zomera zazing'ono ndi 9 masentimita mu tchire wamkulu, kuti asawononge mizu yovuta.
Masking
Iyi ndi njira yochotsera mphukira zopanda phindu m'munsi mwa chitsamba. Ayenera kuthyoledwa pamanja, atangomaliza kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6. Gwiritsani ntchito madontho ozizira, nyengo yamvula kapena madzulo, kuti chomera chikhale ndi nthawi yochiza malo omwe amapanga.
Kuonjezera zokolola za tomato amafunika kukhala ndi ana opeza. Werengani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito phwetekere ku phwando ndi kutentha.
Njira yoyamba ikuchitika mwezi umodzi pambuyo pofesa, kenako stepson masiku onse khumi.
Belt girter
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zothandizira za garter: trellis ndi stakes. Mapapu ndi galasi ndi maselo akuluakulu. Garter kwa iwo amafuna khama lalikulu, monga trellis ayenera kukumbidwa pansi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, tchire mpaka asanu akhoza kumangirizidwa ku trellis imodzi panthawi. Mitengo ya garter imakumba imodzi pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse. Mankhwala a tomato amafunikira pamunsi pa chipatso cha burashi.
Kupaka pamwamba
Tomato ndi ofunika kwambiri kudyetsa, choncho amafunika kukhala ndi umuna nthawi zonse:
- Gwiritsani ntchito yoyamba kudyetsa masabata awiri mutamera. Konzani chisakanizo cha malita 10 a madzi otentha, 1 makilogalamu a mullein ndi 15 g wa superphosphate. Pansi pa chomera chilichonse ayenera kupita pafupifupi 0,5 malita a feteleza;
- chakudya chachiwiri chiyenera kuchitika mu masabata ena awiri. Sungunulani 20 g wa superphosphate ndi 15 g wa phosziyamu ya kloride m'madzi 10 ndi kutsanulira tchire. Pansi pa chitsamba - 0.5 malita a yankho;
- Gwiritsani ntchito chakudya chachitatu mu masiku makumi awiri. Pansi pa chitsamba kutsanulira lita imodzi yofooka yankho la mullein. Ngati tchire linayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kuwonjezera 15 g wa ammonium nitrate 10 malita a yankho.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Kawirikawiri, tomato a Snowdrop amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, koma nthawi zina amakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ku Solanaceae: choipitsa mochedwa, chovunda pamwamba, mabala ndi mabakiteriya. Mungathe kuchotsa matenda a fungalide mothandizidwa ndi zofalikira, monga "Meteor", "Acidan", "Thiophene Extra".
Phunzirani kuchotsa phytophthora ndi phwetekere pamwamba zowola.
Matenda a bakiteriya mu tomato samachiritsidwa. Mukawona zotsatira za khansa yabakiteriya pa tchire, yanizani zomera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsatira zitsamba zathanzi. Khansara ya bakiteriya Monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyera, whitefly, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, slugs ndi chimbalangondo, kuwononga mizu ya zitsamba, mubwere kudzawona mphukira ndi zipatso. Njira yabwino yothetsera tizirombozi ndikuteteza. Pangani nthaka ndi madzi otentha musanadzalemo tomato, kumasula nkhuku ku mabedi.
Mukudziwa? Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, mu maiko a Chisilavo, tomato ankawoneka akudandaula kwambiri. Iwo amatchedwa zipatso zopweteka, psinkami, zipatso za tchimo. Wolemba ndi botanist dzina lake Bolotov, yemwe ananyalanyaza kwambiri zipatso zodabwitsa izi zothandiza, anatha kusintha maganizo a anthu kwa tomato.
Ngati tizilombo tiwonekere, tiyang'ane bwinobwino mabedi onse ndi kuwasonkhanitsa pamanja. Awononge tizirombo ndi masamba ndi mazira ndi mphutsi. Tengani zomera ndi "Confidor", "Karate" kapena "Mospilan". Muwopsyeze kwambiri tizilombo tobzala pakati pa phwetekere marigolds ndi marigolds. Marigolds anabzala ndi tomato
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Tomato kalasi "Snowdrop" imayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa July kapena kumayambiriro kwa August. Ngati mukufuna kudya zipatso zokhwima nthawi yomweyo, tasonkhanitsani omwe adapeza zofiira zofiira. Sungani zipatso zobiriwira pamodzi ndi mapesi osungirako, ndipo musani tomato wobiriwira kuti mubwere ku tchire. Zipatso "Chipale chofewa" kwa masabata 3-4, kupereka mbewu pamene ikuphuka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumatulutsa tomato m'firiji, amasiya zinthu zawo zonunkhira ndipo, motero, amakhala osasamala. Malo abwino kwambiri osungiramo zipatso za nthawi yochepa. - tebulo lakhitchini (osapitirira masiku 4). Onetsetsani kuti tomato nthawi yosungirako sagwera dzuwa.
Zipatso zimenezo zomwe mukuzisunga, sizikusowa kutsukidwa, ingowayeretsani ndi nsalu yofewa kuchokera ku zitsamba za nthaka ndi fumbi. Mu mawonekedwe osasamba, adzasungidwa bwino. Musanayambe kusunga zipatsozo, yang'anani kuti awonongeke, nkhungu ndi zowola. Ikani tomato m'mizere mumabokosi okhunidwa ndi mapepala kapena zikopa. Mzere uliwonse wa phwetekere watsopano umayikidwa ndi pepala losanjikiza. Tengani chivundikiro kuti chisasokoneze chipatso potseka.
Tomato pa siteji yoyamba (bulauni), yosungidwa m'njirayi, akhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi iŵiri yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino (osati wapamwamba kuposa madigiri 17). Zosungira bwino zipatso pa siteji ya kukhwima mkaka (zofiirira ndi mitsempha yobiriwira kapena zobiriwira) zikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi 4 kapena 6 pamtentha wa +2 ndi kutsika kwachinyezi (mpaka 60%).
Pakadutsa masiku atatu kapena anayi musanayambe kudya tomato, ayenera kubweretsedwa m'chipinda chofunda ndikukakhala pamalo okongola kuti azikwera.
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
- Kugwa kwa Leaf. Chikasu cha nsonga za masamba, kukulunga kwa m'mphepete mwawo ndi kugwa kumeneku kumabwera chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa dzuwa ndi chinyezi chochuluka. Ngati tomato anu ayamba kutaya ndi kutayika masamba awo, yambani magetsi a fulorosenti (akayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha) kapena kuchotsani zitsamba kuzungulira mabedi kuti alowetse kuwala kwa dzuwa. Lekani kuthirira mpaka pamwamba pazitsamba zouma zowuma, ndiyeno ponthozani moyenera nthaka.
- Maluwa akugwa. Amakhala ndi madontho akuthwa masana ndi usiku kutentha. Chomera sichitha kupirira nkhawa ndikusowa maburashi. Mavuto adzathetsedweratu pogwiritsa ntchito mulching. Mitengoyi imateteza kutuluka kwadzidzidzi masana patsiku ndikuwotcha mizu yachitsulo usiku.
- Nkhuni pa khungu la chipatso. Amadziwika ndi ming'alu ya bulauni yofiirira yothamanga kuchokera pachimake pa khungu lonse la chipatso. Chifukwa chake ndi kukula kwa zipatso mu nyengo ya chilala kapena kuthirira madzi ambiri pambuyo pa kutentha kwa tsiku. Pofuna kupewa zochitika za ming'alu, kuthirani zomera ngati pamwamba pa nthaka youma ndipo musalole kuti ziume.
- Zipatso zikugwa. Zimapezeka panthawi ya kukula kwa mkaka kwa chipatso. Choyambitsa ndi chovunda pamwamba, chomwe chimakhudza choyamba kugwirizana kwa mwanayo ndi tsinde, ndiyeno zamkati za chipatso cha pamwamba. Kuletsa kufalikira kwa vutoli, kuchepetsa kuthirira mowonjezera, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti mwanayo asokonezeke.
Ndikofunikira! Kuperekera kwa nthawi yamaluwa a phwetekere kumathandiza kupeŵa maonekedwe a whitefly ndi kangaude. Kuti potsiriza muchotse tizirombozi, yeretsani tchire ku masamba omwe awonongeka ndi iwo ndi kuchitira zomera ndi acaricides.Tomato zosiyanasiyana "Snowdrop" - zomera ndi mkulu zokolola, kupereka yowutsa mudyo sing'anga-kakulidwe zipatso. Iyi ndi mitundu yolimba ya chisanu yomwe imakupatsani inu zipatso zokoma ngati muzisamalira bwino.