Muraiya - akukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Muraya (Murraya) - chitsamba chosatha cha banja la a Rutov, opezeka zachilengedwe ku Japan, China, India ndi Pacific Islands, akukhala zaka zoposa 150 ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa mamita 7. Potentha, chomera chimalimidwa ngati chomera. Dziko la Muraya ndi dera lotentha la Southeast Asia.

Kunyumba, shrub imatha kutalika mpaka 1.5 m. Nthambi zake ndi mphukira zake ndizophukira kwambiri, ndipo zimakutidwa ndi makungwa osalala achikasu. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ochepa ndi ochepa komanso wandiweyani, ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana komanso malo owala. Maluwa ndi oyera pang'ono oyera, ophatikizidwa ndi mantha a inflorescence. Mawonekedwe, amawoneka ngati malalanje. Pambuyo pa maluwa, zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zofiirira zofiirira zimawonekera patchire.

Onaninso momwe mungakulitsire mtengo wa ndimu kunyumba.

Ubwino wa muraya

Ma phytoncids omwe ali ndi masamba a muraya ali ndi antiseptic katundu, amayeretsa mpweya wa mabakiteriya ndi ma virus. Maluwa onunkhira achikomera amalimbikitsa chisangalalo, amapanga chisangalalo ndi kupepuka m'nyumba.

Kufalikira muraya kumakongoletsa chipinda chilichonse, ngakhale chipinda cha ana kapena phunzirolo, ndipo fungo lake labwino lingathandize kusangalala, kumveketsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro, kuyambitsa ntchito zamaganizo.

Muraya: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Muraya: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Maluwa olima

Nthawi ya maluwa nthawi zambiri imachitika mchilimwe komanso miyezi yophukira. Pakadali pano, maluwa ambiri onunkhira amatulutsa chomera ndi miyala yoyera yoyera, ma stamens amtundu wobiriwira komanso pestle yowala yachikasu.

Kutalika kwa maluwa aliwonse ndi pafupi masiku atatu, kenako m'malo mwake mumawoneka zipatso zobiriwira ndi khungu lofiirira. Zipatso za muraya zimatha kudya: mnofu wawo umakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa.

Kupanda maluwa

Makulu a muraya okhaokha achikulire amatulutsa. Komabe, zimachitika kuti chomera chogulidwa mu shopu yamaluwa sichimaphuka, ngakhale chitakula. Mwinanso muraya uyu ndiosankhidwa ndi achi Dutch, sizingatheke kudikira kuti maluwa atuluka kwawo. Ndikosavuta kupeza chomera chatsopano pomeretsa mbeu kapena kudula kuchokera kumtundu womwe umamasuka kwambiri muchipinda.

Njira yotentha

Kunyumba, chomera cha Muraya chimakonda kutentha kwambiri kwa kutentha (pafupifupi + 25 ° C) m'miyezi yotentha, ndi kutentha kwapakati (pafupifupi + 17 ° C) m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kupereka chinyezi chowonjezera cha mpweya.

Kuwaza

Muraiya amakhala momasuka ndi chinyezi komanso chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, monga nyumba zamatawuni. Komabe, amathandizanso kupopera masamba. Ndondomeko ikuchitika ngati ndikofunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito atomizer yabwino ndi madzi ofunda firiji.

Chomera chimatha kusambitsidwanso nthawi zina.

Kuwala

Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino komanso maluwa otuwa nthawi zonse, muraye amafunika kuwala kowala, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti mphikawo ukhale ndi chomeracho pazenera lakum'mwera, onetsetsani kuti masamba ake ndi otentha kwambiri masana otentha kuchokera dzuwa.

Kuthirira Murai

Ndikofunikira kuthirira Muraya panthawi yamasamba akhama kwambiri, ndikusunga dothi mumphika. Ndi nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, koma ngakhale panthawiyi salola kufinya kwamatope.

Muphika wa Muraya

Chidebe chokulitsa muraya chimasankhidwa kuti chikhale chofalikira mizu ya chomera, koma pofika nthawi ya maluwa mizu yake imadzaza poto yambiri (pamene poto wa muraye ndi laling'ono, limamasuka mosavuta). Zopangira zomwe toyesa wamkulu amakula ayenera kukhala olemera komanso okhazikika kuti mbewu zisagwere.

Dothi

Muraya wakunyumba amakula bwino ndipo amakula munthaka wopanda michere. Itha kukonzedwa palokha posakaniza pepala ndi kuwaza dothi ndi mchenga (perlite) ndi peat (humus) mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 1: 0.5.

Dothi la mafakitale lokongoletsera maluwa ndilabwino.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kudyetsa muraya kumachitika panthawi yomwe ikukula kwambiri osati nthawi zowonjezera ziwiri pamwezi, ngati izi sizofunikira kwenikweni. Monga feteleza, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ophatikizika omwe anapangira mbewu zamkati. Muraya amayankha bwino pakusinthana kwa zakudya zachilengedwe komanso michere.

Thirani

Mu zaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo, tchire zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa kasupe m'miphika yayikulu. Kuchulukitsa kwa Muraya paukalamba kumatha kucheperachepera - zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Muzochitika zakale, mutha kungosintha zapamwamba.

Kudulira

Kusamalira nyumba kwa muraya kuyenera kuphatikiza kuwongolera ndi kukonza zinthu zina mwaukhondo. Panthawi ya njirayi, mphukira zazitali zodabwitsazi zimachotsedwa kuti zipatsidwe ulemu ndi ulemu. Ngati mukukula ngati mtengo, ndiye kuti azichepetsa nthambi zosafunikira kuti zikhale zazitali.

Kukongoletsa kwa maluwa kumakhala bwino kwambiri ngati mphukira ndi masamba ndi inflorescence zimachotsedwa, chifukwa chake kudulira kumachitika bwino maluwa atagwa. Mitundu yaying'ono ya muraya sifunikira kudulidwa, koma mapangidwe a korona nthawi zambiri amaloledwa mopanda kupweteka.

Nthawi yopumula

Muraiya sakhala ndi nthawi yopumulira yomwe amakhala, koma amatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi: nthawi ya masana ikafupika ndi kuyamba kwa dzinja. Pakadali pano, chomeracho chimayenera kusamutsidwira kuchipinda chozizira ndi mpweya wotentha pafupifupi + 15 ° C, ndikuwapatsa kuwunikira bwino (kuti mphukira zisatambasuke) ndikuthilira mokhazikika kwambiri.

Kukula Muraya kuchokera ku Mbewu

Muraiya kunyumba imafalikira mosavuta ndi mbewu zatsopano. Pambuyo posonkhanitsa, zimayamba kunyowa m'madzi ofunda kuti ziwonjezere kumera, kenako zimabzalidwa m'miphika imodzi, yoyesedwa ndi 1.5 masentimita m'nthaka. Zombozo zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi kuti apange zinthu zobiriwira.

Kuwombera kumawonekera mosiyanasiyana pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5. Mbewu zikaonekera pamwamba pa nthaka, miphika nayo imasinthidwa kupita kumalo owala, mwezi wina ukatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta. Zomera zazing'ono zomwe, zomwe timapepala totsimikizika 5-6 zimapangidwa, zimasungidwa m'miphika yayikulu kenako ndikuyang'aniridwa ngati akuluakulu.

Kufalikira kwa muraya podulidwa

Ndikosavuta, koma kotheka, kukula chomera chatsopano kuchokera pamadongosolo a muraya. Chitsamba chimadulidwa mchaka, kudula mphukira zaziwirizo popanda masamba ndi maluwa kutalika kwa 8 cm. Zidutswa zimazika mu gawo lonyowa lopangidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga (perlite). Kuti muthandizire kukulitsa mizu, mutha kukonzanso mfundo ndi mizu.

Zozizira ndizovuta ndipo zimatha masabata angapo. Ngati pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5 tsindeyo yayamba kukula masamba achichepere ndi mphukira zatsopano, zikutanthauza kuti idakula bwino, ndipo patatha milungu ingapo ikhoza kuikidwa mu mphika umodzi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Muraiya ndi wosazindikira kwenikweni, koma mavuto ena kwa olima m'mimba akamakula imatha kuchitika:

• masamba otsika a muraya amatembenukira chikasu ndi kugwa Nthawi zambiri pamalingaliro achikulire kwambiri - iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yokalamba. Kudulira mozama kumathandizanso kukonzanso chomera.
• M'mphepete mwa masamba a Muraya ngati mbewu yatenthedwa dzuwa. Masamba oterowo amayenera kuchotsedwa kuti asawononge mawonekedwe a mbewuyo, m'tsogolomu liyenera kukhala lamithunzi kuyambira dzuwa dzuwa.
• Masamba a Muraya amasanduka achikasu ndikusowa kwa michere (makamaka, chitsulo ndi magnesium). Zomera ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera.
• Masamba obiriwira opepuka kuyatsa kosakwanira kapena kuchepa kwa chakudya m'nthaka. Muraiu amafunika kudyetsedwa ndikusamukira kuchipinda chopepuka.
• Masamba ndi masamba a muraya amagwa, ngati boma lothirira likuphwanyidwa, ndipo izi zitha kukhudzana ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kusowa kwake. Pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kubweretsedwa bwino.
• Mphukira zatsopano ndizochepa pakuwunika bwino kapena zakudya zamafuta. Vutoli limathetseka ndi kuthira feteleza ndikusunthira mbewuyo pafupi ndi pomwe imayatsa.
• Muraya mizu imavunda - Ichi ndi matenda oopsa - zowola muzu. Ndizomveka kuchiza pokhapokha magawo oyamba: madera onse okhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa, mizu yathanzi itapakidwa madzi kapena kutsukidwa mu njira yothira fangayi. Finyani malo a magawo ndi malasha osweka, kenako mbewuyo nkuziika m'nthaka yatsopano. Kwa kanthawi, murayu amafunika kuti azisungidwa pamthunzi kuti "abwerere ku moyo" pambuyo pa njira.

Tizilombo tingathenso kuwononga thanzi ndi mawonekedwe a mbewu, pakati pawo: nthata za akangaude, zovala zoyera, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, mealybugs. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda masiku ano timathandizira kuti tiwachotse.

Mitundu ya muraya yakunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Murraya paniculata (Murray paniculata), Murraya exotic, "orange jasmine" (Murraya paniculata, Murraya exotica)

Mayina onse amatanthauza zosiyana zofananira - muraiya wamba, wotchuka kwambiri m'nyumba zamaluwa zamaluwa. Chomera chachikulu ndi chomera nthawi zonse, chachitali chotalika mpaka 1.5. Mphukira zake zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira zimakutidwa ndi masamba akulu kwambiri opindika komanso owoneka bwino.

Pakatikati pa maluwa, maluwa amtundu umodzi wamiyala yoyera amatuluka m'miyeso yamiyala ya corymbal pamutu pa zimayambira. Amapatsa fungo lamphamvu, koma lonunkhira komanso labwino, lofanana ndi fungo la zipatso. Ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi kununkhira kwa maluwa kuti mmerawu umatchedwanso kuti jasmine wa lalanje.

Muraiya adzivundukula yekha, patatha masiku angapo duwa litayamba maluwa, zipatso zazomera zamalo mwake pamalo pake, khungu lomwe limakhala lofiirira ngati limacha. Zipatso za mmera zitha kudyedwa: kukoma kwawo ndikotsekemera.