Aliyense wokhala chilimwe amalota kulima mphesa zoyambirira ndi chokoma pa chiwembu chake, chodziwika ndi mbewu zokhazikika, kukana ndi kupirira. Timur amatanthauza chimodzimodzi mitundu yakale komanso yotsimikiziridwa ya mphesa ndipo imangokhala yolonjezedwa ngakhale ikubwera masiku ena hybrids.
Mbiri yakukula mitundu ya mphesa ku Timur
Kuyambira 1936, mu VNIIViV iwo. I.I. Potapenko akuchita ntchito ykuswana kuti apange mitundu yosagwirizana ndi mphesa yomwe imatha kulolera nyengo yovuta ya kumpoto. Kusankhidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kunatilola kuzindikira mitundu yopitilira 40 ya mphesa zomwe zimasiyana mu mawonekedwe achilendo. Pakati pawo pali mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mphesa ku Timur, kulengedwa komwe kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu la obereketsa otsogozedwa ndi I.A. Kostrikina.
Dzinalo loyambirira la mitundu iyi lidatchulidwa ndi zilembo zoyambirira za makolo: FV-2-5, pomwe F ndi Moldavian mphesa Frumoasa Albe, pomwe pomasulira kuchokera ku Moldavian amatanthauza "Kukongola Koyera" ndi V - Delight, wosakanizidwa wosankhidwa ndi NII. Pambuyo pake, mitunduyi idasinthidwa kuti Timur (mu Turkic imatanthawuza "chitsulo"). Dzinalo palokha limafanizira kukana ndi kupirira kwa mitundu.
Timur ali ndi matenda osaneneka komanso mafiriji, ali ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe amatengera kwa makolo ake. Komabe, wosakanizidwa adawaposa kwambiri ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mitunduyi.
Zosiyanasiyana zinalandira kupitilizirana mwatsopano mtundu wina, wogwirizanitsa ndi Delight Red. Chifukwa chake Timur rose idawoneka ndi chitsamba champhamvu kwambiri komanso mabulashi, kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuyenda bwino, koma ndikutalika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kupewa matenda. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ali ndi utoto wokoma wa pinki komanso kukoma kosayerekezeka kwa zipatso, olima odziwa zamaluwa amakonda "kholo" - loyera loyera la Timur. Ngakhale, muyenera kuvomereza, masango ake ndi omwe azikongoletsa ngakhale tebulo lokongola kwambiri.
Pinki ya Timur imakhala ndi utoto wokongola wa pinki.
Kufotokozera zamitundu ya mphesa Timur
Mphesa zamtundu wa Timur ndi zina mwa zipatso zoyambirira kwambiri za mphesa zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha masiku 105-115. Magulu olemera 400-800 g amawaza ndi zipatso zamtambo wachikasu, kupatsa ubweya wa amber ukacha. Zipatso za wosakanizidwa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nipple, zimafikira kulemera kwa 6-8 g. Ngakhale kuli khungu laling'ono, lomwe limang'ambika, matupi awo amakhala owala, owuma. Kununkhira kwamutu kwa mutu kumapereka kutsitsimutsa kwapadera kwa mitundu. Timur ali patsogolo pa mbewu ya kholo pakupanga shuga (25%).
Magulu a Timur amatha kulemera mpaka 800 g
Maluwa a mphesa obiriwira obiriwira omwe amaphatikizidwa mu burashi ndi amitundu iwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukolola kwokhazikika kwa Timur chifukwa chokhoza kudzipukuta. Tsamba lotundidwa la utoto wobiriwira wokwanira, wamiyeso isanu ndi kusanjika m'mbali. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus a mphesa ndi ma oidium, chisanu chotsutsa -25 ° C.
Kanema: Mitundu ya mphesa za Timur
Makhalidwe a mitundu ya mphesa Timur
Timur adakondana ndi nzika za chilimwe chifukwa chofuna kubereka. Wodula mphesa muzu bwino, ndipo malo aliwonse ndi oyenera kumalumikiza.
Mitengo yolimba yolimba imathandizira kuti pakhale mbewu yayikulu komanso yabwino masango, koma imakulitsa nthawi yakucha kwa zipatso za Timur pafupifupi sabata.
Tchire la mitundu mitunduyo siumakula, kotero kuti iwo wabzalidwa kutali ndi mpesa wamitengo yamphamvu, kuti asamire Timur ndi mphukira zawo zamphamvu.
Nthambi za mitengo yosatha ndizobala, pa mphukira iliyonse mpaka atatu masango otumbulika. Zipatso sizimayipa kwa nthawi yayitali kuthengo mutacha. Kukonzekera mwachangu zipatso (pa chaka chachiwiri mutabzala) ndi chinanso china.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa Magulu nkofanana, ndikotheka kukwaniritsa kulemera kwa 2 kg. Mphesa ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zokongoletsera za mawonekedwe am'deralo, zipilala zoluka, zomangamanga, zinthu zina za nyumbayo.
Madera akumpoto, Timur amabzala ngati chivundikiro.
Zomwe zimabzala komanso kukula mitundu ya mphesa Timur
Mphesa zingabzalidwe m'dzinja ndi masika. Mbali yakum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo pansi pa mpanda wazinyumba ndi malo abwino kwambiri otere. Mizu yanu (yofalitsidwapo ndi kudula) kapena mbande zometera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kubzala zinthu kuchokera mu njere, koma njira yachulukirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kwambiri m'mavuto ena: njirayi ndiyotenga nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali.
Kodi mphesa zimakonda nthaka yanji?
Kubzala mbande za Timur, loamy kapena sandy loamy nthaka, yomwe ili ndi chokwanira chokwanira, chotentha komanso madzi ambiri, imakhala yoyenera kwambiri. Nthawi zina, kulima nthaka kudzakhala kofunikira. Kupatula apo, mitunduyi imafunanso acidity inayake (pH 5.5-7.0). Chifukwa chake, amayesa kukhathamiritsa ndi dothi lolemera ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, laimu. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kuwonjezera chinyontho cha dothi lowala, dongo limapangidwa.
Pamadothi olemera, osauka, mphesa za Timur zimataya kukoma, zimakhala ndi shuga yochepa ndikukhala tart!
Kodi mbande zomwe ndibwino kuti muthe kubzala ndi ziti?
Malinga ndi alimi odziwa ntchito zamalimi, chaka chilichonse mizu imamera mwachangu ndikusinthana ndi chilengedwe chatsopano, chomwe ndichofunikira m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Zitha kupezekanso pamtengo nthawi zambiri kuposa mbande zazaka ziwiri. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikubzala mitengo yodula nthawi yomweyo, koma kulowa mpesa kumeneku kumayamba zipatso patayamba zaka zingapo.
Mbande zanu zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo opanda nyengo yoletsa, yolimidwa panthaka yolimidwa bwino. Pakukula mitundu m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira yambiri, ndikwabwino kutenga mbandezo pamatchu osagwira suzizira ndi phyloxera.
Kodi ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani posankha mbande yoti mubzale?
- Kodi mizu ya mmera iri mumkhalidwe wotani? Iyenera kukhala yopanda kuwonongeka, yosawuma, yopanda chizindikiro cha matenda, yokhala ndi mizu ingapo (osachepera 3) yokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 2 mm.
- Samalani kutalika kwa mmera! Iyenera kukhala osachepera 0,4 m.
- Ndi maso angati omwe ali ndi kukula kwachinyamata? Nthawi zambiri zipatso zamphesa zimakhala ndi maso 4-5.
- Ngati mbande ili ndi masamba kale, sikuyenera kukhala yaying'ono komanso yowonongeka.
Kubzala mphesa
Kukumba bowo pobzala mphesa, kulekanitsani dothi lakumtunda komanso lam'munsi, ndikukulungani dothi losiyanasiyana. Pakuphatikiza feteleza 2 ndowa zatsalira zomera zowola kapena manyowa, 200-250 g wa feteleza wa potaziyamu.
Denga lamtunda limayikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo, lomwe limatha kukhala miyala yabwino yosweka, dongo lokulitsidwa, njerwa zosweka (osachepera 15 cm). Popeza atachokeranso pamunda wamtunda kuchokera pamalo omwe panali mbande, amayendetsa chitoliro (60-100 mm m'mimba mwake). Pambuyo pake, imadzakhala njira yabwino yothira feteleza ndi kuthirira chitsamba cha mphesa. Gawo limodzi lachitatu la dzenje mu mawonekedwe okugundika limadzazidwa ndi gawo la dothi lomwe limachotsedwa kumtunda, lachonde kwambiri, komanso lophatikizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere ndi chidebe 1 cha zinthu zachilengedwe. Muluwu umathiriridwa ndi madzi (20 l) ndikudikirira mpaka utaziratu. Pambuyo pa izi, mizu ya mmera imagawananso moyenerana pamtunda ndipo imatsitsidwa kuti maso a 2-4 atsala pansi. Mbale imakutidwa ndi theka lachiwiri la dothi lakumtunda losakanizika ndi chinthu chotsalira chachilengedwe. Ndipo, pomalizira, pamapeto pake amadzaza dothi ndi dothi lochokera pansi pa dzenjeli, lopanda dothi lozungulira mozungulira ndikuthiramo madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthaka yachonde idzakhala yokwanira mizu ya mphesa, yomwe Timur ikufuna.
Kukonzekera dzenje lakufikira mphesa
Tcherani khutu! Ngati mmera ndi wocheperachepera 40 cm, mutabzala, kumtunda kwake kudzakhala kumunsi kwa nthaka. Poterepa, dzenjelo silimadzaza pamwamba, kuyembekezera mphukira kuti zikulire.
Kukula kwa dzenje pamtunda wa sing'anga ndi 60x60 masentimita, pamtunda wopepuka komanso wolemera - 80x80 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala osachepera 1 m, ndi pakati pa mizere - 1.5-2,5 m.
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kudumpha kwadzidzidzi, kukonza kusinthana kwa madzi ndi mizu ya chomera, sikungakhale kopepuka kutulutsa mbande kapena mulch kubzala ndi zida za organic. Kwa mulch, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito singano za spruce, chifukwa zimachulukitsa acidity nthaka. Olima m'munda atabzala mbande nthawi yomweyo amawaphimba ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kapena zinthu zina zophimba kuti atetezere mbewu zowuma padzuwa.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, mmera umakhala ndi mphukira ziwiri za 1 m, ndi mulifupi wa 6-7 mm. Ngati pali mphukira zochulukirapo, m'dzinja kuchuluka kwawo kumapangidwira 2, ndikupanga kudulira. Kukula mipesa kumangidwa, osalola kukhudza pansi.
Kudulira mphesa
Monga mitundu ina ya mphesa, Timur iyenera kupangidwa ndikudulira. M'dzinja, masamba opitilira 10 osasiyidwa pampesa uliwonse wopatsa zipatso ndi pogona nthawi yachisanu.
Zovala zabwino kwambiri za chitsamba cha mphesa ndi nthambi za nthambi, nthambi za spruce, mapepala akale.
Chapakatikati, ndikupitilizabe kupangidwa kwa tchire, mphukira zazing'ono zimachotsedwa ndipo maso 30 adatsala. Ndi chitsamba katundu, pomwe mmera umakula bwino, ndipo zipatsozo sizitaya zipatso zawo, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa mitunduyo.
Kuthirira
Chiwerengero cha kuthirira chimayendetsedwa ndi nyengo. Mphesa zokha zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi ndi masamba ake oterera. Kwambiri, chitsamba cha mphesa chimafunikira kuthirira nthawi ya maluwa, mutaphuka maluwa komanso pomwe thumba losunga mazira litayamba. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi madzi ndi madzi ofunda, osunga bwino mu chitoliro (ngati chilipo) kapena kulowa mozungulira bwalo.
Tcherani khutu! Pa nthawi yamaluwa ndi kucha zipatso, kuthirira kumachotsedwa. Maluwa amatha kuwonongeka ndipo zipatso zimatha kusweka!
Kupewa Kwa Mafunso Chongani
Ngakhale kukana kwa mitundu ndi matenda ndi tizilombo, Timur ndizovuta kuteteza kuzowonongeka ndi nkhupakupa. Pamwamba pa masamba a mphesa mutha kuwona mawonekedwe, ndipo pansipa - fluff wa chikasu-imvi hue, yomwe, mosiyana ndi kufinya, siyikufafanizidwa. Chifukwa chake, mbande iyenera kugulidwa pokhapokha m'magulu azigawo ndi malo odyera ofunika.
Kulimbana ndi nkhata ya mphesa ndizovuta. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda zapezeka kumapeto kwa nyengo, mpesa ungathe kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi sulufule: Karbofos, Fufanon, Tiovit-Jet ndi ena (malinga ndi malangizo). Nthawi yomweyo, yesani kulanda masamba am'mphepete mwa masamba omwe akunguwo amakhala.
Chopanga kumbuyo kwa tsamba la mphesa kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa nkhupakupa
Ndemanga
Posachedwa, ndakhala ndikuneneza izi kuti ndizikhala ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono komanso kupukutidwa bwino. Koma pamene ndimayesa Timur okhwima - ndi zozizwitsa bwanji! Mphesa zokoma zenizeni ndi khrisipi! Ndili ndi baka ziwiri zokulira, ndipo zonse ndizosiyana: zonse kukula ndi masango. Koma kukoma kwake ndi komwe - kwakukulu! Ndidawona mzanga wa wopanga vinyo - masango a 500-800 gr. Mwinanso ambiri amasankha za kuchuluka kwa matabwa osatha.
Anatoly//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=632
Timur ndi imodzi mw mitundu yomwe ndimakonda kwambiri. Ngakhale masango si akulu kwambiri (a pafupifupi 300-400 magalamu), koma oyamba, okoma, mnofu wa zipatso ndi mabulosi atali. Pambuyo pakucha, imapachikidwa mpaka mochedwa yophukira popanda kuwononga, zipatso zokhazokha ndizomwe zimakhala ndi shuga yambiri komanso youma. 2 tchire limakula.
Grygoryj//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=632
Nokha, mutha kudzala zipatso zamtengo wapatali za "Timur" - izi ndi tebulo, zipatso zoyamba, zazikulu, zipatso, zipatso, mandimu onunkhira, shuga wambiri, mphukira kupsa bwino, kubereka mosavuta, kugonjetsedwa ndi chiphuphu, chisanu.
agroinkom//agro-forum.net/threads/129/
Mitundu ya mphesa ku Timur imayesedwa nthawi ndipo imamera m'maboma onse a Union wakale, kuphatikiza yoyambayo. Ngati mulibe zitsamba za mphesa pamalopo pano, simudzanong'oneza bondo posankha Timur ngati muyeso wa ungwiro wa mphesa.
