Marigolds ndi herbaceous perennials ndi zolemba kuchokera ku banja la Astra. Kwawo ndi America. Komabe, zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, olanda ku Spain adabweretsa mtengowo ku Europe. Tsopano duwa ndi wokhalamo wamabedi a maluwa aku Europe ndi Russia. Amatchulidwanso kuti "carnation waku Turkey", "kulozera", "maluwa ophunzira", "munthu wakuda", "golide wa Mary". Kutalika kwamaluwa nthawi yayitali, kununkhira kwakulemera komanso mawonekedwe osasinthika kumapangitsa marigolds kukondweretsa kwa wamaluwa. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti mbewuzo zimapindulanso: zimalimbitsa thanzi ndikuthamangitsa tizilombo toyipa m'mabedi.
Maonekedwe a marigold
Marigolds ndi maluwa otulutsa maluwa okhala ndi mphukira ya herbaceous ndi ndodo yopukutira bwino kapena nthangala ya fibrous. Gawo lonse la pansi panthaka ndi losalala, loyera. Tsinde lokwanira ndi nthambi zotsogola limakula 20-120 cm. Chitsamba chimapangika patangomera. Chithunzi chowombera ndichotuluka, chobiriwira chakuda kapena burgundy.
Pakati pake kutalika kotsalira kapena masamba otsatira a petiole amakula. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, otseguka. Masamba obiriwira kapena masamba odziyanika amapaka utoto osiyanasiyana wobiriwira. Tizilomboto tosunthika timakhala pamwamba pa tsamba.
Maluwa oyamba pa marigolds amawonekera mu June-Julayi. Amakongoletsa tchire mpaka chisanu. Mabasiketi amtundu wa inflorescence amapangidwa kumapeto kwa mphukira. Ali ndi kapu yobiriwira yobiriwira yamasamba ophatikizika. Pakatikati pake pali maluwa a tubular okhala ndi corollas afupi komanso amdima. Pafupi ndi m'mphepete, maluwa okhala bango okhala ndi mafiyidwe oyambira amamera m'mizere ingapo. Colouring ndi ofiira, burgundy, wofiirira, lalanje kapena wachikasu. Nthawi zambiri mu inflorescence imodzi maluwa angapo amasakanikirana nthawi imodzi. Ma inflorescence pawokha ndi osavuta komanso pawiri.
Zomera zopukutidwa ndi tizilombo komanso mphepo. Pambuyo pake, ma acheni owonda omwe amakhala ndi mbewu zazitali zazitali amapera. Ali ndi mtundu wa motley wakuda ndi woyera. Kumera kumapitirira kwa zaka 3-4. Mu 1 g ya mbewu, pali mbewu 280-700.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ngakhale pali mitundu yoposa 50 yamtundu wotchedwa Marigold, nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu yayikulu ndi mitundu yake yokongoletsera.
Tagetes amadzaza (Mwa Africa). Zomera zapamwamba kwambiri zimafikira masentimita 120 kutalika. Mphezi zawo zopindika zimatha ndi ma pulrycy inflorescence mpaka masentimita 15. Mithunzi ya chikasu imakhala yayitali kwambiri pamtundu wa pamakhala. Zomera ndizabwino kudula. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Mwala wachikasu - shrub 70 masentimita okwera amasungunuka mabasiketi amtundu wachikasu achikasu ndi mainchesi 8;
- Alaska - tchire lonse (45-60 masentimita kutalika) pachimake ndi ozungulira kirimu inflorescence pafupifupi 10 cm;
- Antigua - tchire tating'ono 25cm titalitali timakutidwa ndi lalikulu (15 cm mulifupi) mandimu achikasu kapena owala achikasu inflorescence.
Marigolds anakana (French). Zomera zophatikizika chifukwa cha mphukira zophuka kwambiri zimapanga chitsamba 20-50 masentimita. Sprigs imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira a cirrus okhala ndi loboti yopapatiza ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Pamwamba pali tinthu tambiri tofiirira. Mabasiketi amtundu umodzi wampikisano okhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa masentimita 4-6 amakula pamiyendo yotupa. Mbale - mandimu, lalanje, bulauni, burgundy. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Bonanza - chitsamba cha 30 cm kutalika kusungunuka mabasiketi a lalanje, achikasu kapena burgundy okhala ndi petals yovunda;
- Carmen - chitsamba chophukira 30-35 masentimita amtali wamaluwa amitundu iwiri yamaluwa ndi achikasu achikuda.
Marigold woonda-wotsikirako (waku Mexico). Kachitsamba kakang'ono kamene kamafika mpaka 40 cm kutalika kakutidwa ndi masamba otseguka. Zikopa zovuta, zopangidwa ndi mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono ophweka okhala ndi pakati ndi matalala apamwamba, otseguka kumapeto kwa nthambi. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiirira kapena wowala wachikasu. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Lulu - chitsamba chokulungika chokhala ndi mainchesi 30 cm chimasungunula maluwa ang'onoang'ono a ndimu;
- Gnome - koyambirira kwa Juni, pachitsamba chofalikira pafupifupi 25 masentimita, mabasiketi oyamba amodzi amawonekera.
Maluwa okula
Marigolds amakula pambewu. Pa izi, mmera ndi njira za mmera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimbikira komanso zozindikira. Kuthekera kokukula kwa mbande kumangopezeka kokha kumadera omwe kumakhala nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake mutha kumeretsa maluwa mwachangu. Pakati pa Marichi (owongoka) kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo (woonda-wotsalira, wokanidwa), mbande zimayamba kukula. Gwiritsani ntchito muli ziwiya zosaya ndi peat, nthaka yamtambo, mchenga ndi humus. Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera majakisoni ndi yankho lamphamvu la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewu zimagawidwa wogawana mpaka akuya pafupifupi masentimita 1. Amathiridwa madzi ndikusungidwa ndi kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Mbewu zogona sizofunika.
Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masiku 3-4. Pambuyo pake, kuwunikira kowala kumafunikira, ndipo kutentha kumatsitsidwa kukhala + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Zomera zimamwe madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo mbande zachikulire zimatsamira m'miphika yosiyana. Poterepa, tsinde limayikidwa m'makola. Kenako mtsogolo ma marigold adzawoneka owoneka bwino komanso olimba. Pamapeto pa Meyi, mizu imadzakula mwamphamvu ndipo idzaphimba dothi lonse. Pambuyo potentha nthaka, mbande zimabzalidwa pamalopo. Mtunda umatengera kutalika kwa mtundu wina ndipo ndi:
- 10-15 masentimita kwa otsika;
- 20 cm kwa kukula kwamkati;
- 30-40 masentimita kwa marigolds amtali.
Kuti musachite kukula popanda mbande, theka lachiwiri la Epulo, mbewu zofesedwa m'nthaka yabwino m'mizere mpaka mainchesi 3. Zimakutidwa ndi dothi ndikuthirira. Kuwombera kumawonekera m'masiku 5-7. Zomera zomwe zakulidwazo amazidulira ndikuziika kuti zisunge mtunda wofunikira.
Kusamalira Kunja
Kuwala kolimba ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa marigolds, chifukwa iwo amabzalidwa m'malo otentha, dzuwa. Zomera sizidzafa mthunzi wocheperako komanso ngakhale muthunzi wokulirapo, sizitha kuphuka konse. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Mafuta okhala ndi ndale acidity ndi abwino kwambiri.
Gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira makamaka mu nthawi ya masika komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe, maluwa asanawonekere. Kenako kuthiririra pang'onopang'ono kumachepetsedwa kuti madzi asazunzike.
Pa dothi labwino lachonde, feteleza akhoza kusiyidwa kwathunthu. Ngati dothi silili bwino, mbewu zimadyetsedwa katatu pachaka ndi njira yovuta ya mchere kapena mullein.
Tchire tating'onoting'ono timafunikira kudulira dothi pafupipafupi. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, makamaka amavutika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa namsongole, ndipo kutumphuka pamtunda kumalepheretsa mpweya kufalikira kumizu.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, maluwa amawadula kuti azikongoletsa malo obzala. Njirayi imalepheretsanso kudzilamulira mosadziletsa. M'chilimwe, mphukira zikakula kwambiri, kumeta tsitsi kosalala kumathandizira kusintha mawonekedwe a maluwa. Ndi iyo, mpaka theka la njira zonse zimachotsedwa. Posachedwa mphukira zatsopano zobiriwira ziziwoneka ndipo maluwa ayambiranso.
Nthawi yotentha, ma marigold satha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake mitundu yonseyi imakulidwa ngati chaka. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, sizikupanga nzeru kuphimba mbewu. Mphukira zouma zimadulidwa, ndipo malowo amakumbidwa, akukonzekera dimba latsopano.
Matenda amakhudza marigolds kawirikawiri kwambiri komanso pokhapokha ndikuphwanya mwatsatanetsatane kwaukadaulo waulimi. Mu gawo la chomera muli mitundu yambiri yosasunthika, yomwe imayipitsa fungus ndikuthamangitsa tizilombo. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa fungo labwino. Mwa zina zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri, nthata za akangaude zimasiyanitsidwa. Komanso m'nthiti zazitali kwambiri komanso ma nkhono amatha kukhazikika.
Ntchito zokongoletsera
Marigolds adzakhala pamalo apamwamba kwambiri pamaluwa aliwonse. Kutengera kutalika kwa mitundu amatsimikiza kutsogolo kapena malo apakati. Komanso, maluwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumalire amalo, kubzala pafupi ndi nyumba komanso chosakanikirana. Mitengo yamitundu yayitali imayenera kumangirizidwa kuti isabise njira.
Marigolds amawoneka bwino m'minda imodzi, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito m'munda wamaluwa wosakanizika. Amaphatikizidwa ndi petunia, juniper, jaundice, alissum. Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala zotengera pa makonde ndi masitima. Zapamwamba ndizoyenera kudula komanso kuwoneka modabwitsa.
Marigolds nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa m'mundamo, pakati pa mabedi a kabichi, nkhaka ndi masamba ena. Fungo lawo lenileni limasokoneza tiziromboti.
Mankhwala ndi contraindication
Masamba a Marigold ndi maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati zokongoletsera komanso zapakhomo. M'mayiko ena, amachita monga zokometsera ndi mankhwala. Mitengo yambiri yamafuta ofunikira, ma flavonoids, ma phytoncides, mavitamini, michere ndi michere yambiri imapangitsa chomera kukhala chofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala achikhalidwe.
Kutolere zida zopangira mankhwala kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa. Ndiwouma ndi pansi, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukonzera decoctions, madzi kapena infusions wa mafuta.
Mankhwalawa ali ndi phindu pa kapamba ndipo amatha kuyimitsa chiwopsezo cha kapamba kapena chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga. Kuti muwone zovuta za marigolds, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera pamtengo pang'ono tiyi nthawi zonse pofalitsa matenda a catarrhal. Komanso, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali ndi mankhwala othandizira, othandizira, antispasmodic, okodzetsa, anthelmintic. Amawonetsedwa kwa odwala matenda oopsa komanso anthu omwe akufika mu vuto la manjenje.
Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera contraindication, marigolds satero. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa mosamala komanso pang'ono kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi ziwengo, komanso amayi oyembekezera.
