Zipinda za m'nyumba zili pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse ndipo, ndithudi, amafunikira kusamalidwa.
Chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa zomera ndi chopepuka.
About kuyatsa mkati maluwa maluwa ndi momwe tingatsimikizire kuti tidzakambirana lero.
Kuwala ndi zomera
Malingana ndi maphunziro a sukulu a botani, timakumbukira: kuwala ndilo mkhalidwe waukulu wa ntchito ya photosynthesis, yomwe inanso ndiyo maziko a zakudya zamasamba. Mabalawo ali ndi mtundu wa pigment chlorophyll. 
Izi zimapangitsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide ndi madzi kuchokera m'mlengalenga ndipo, motsogoleredwa ndi dzuwa, zimatembenuza kukhala mpweya ndi nthuga (shuga) zofunika kuti chilengedwe chikule komanso kukula.
Popanda kuwala kokwanira, njirayi idzayenda mosiyana, motero maluwawo adzafooka ndi kufa. Choncho, kuti apereke nyama yamtundu wobiriwira ndi chakudya chokwanira, alimi amadzaza kusowa kwa dzuwa ndi kuyatsa kokonza ndi nyali yapadera.
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire nyali yamera.Izi ndi zoona makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene tsiku lowala limakhala lalifupi kwambiri.
Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti zomera zilibe kuwala kokwanira: zizindikiro zazikulu
Kulephera kwaunikira kumakhudza maonekedwe a duwa, mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwa chiwongoladzanja kusintha, pafupifupi ziwalo zake zonse ndizopunduka. 
Pa masamba
Masamba amaonetsa vuto ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- cuttings wa masamba, kuyesera kupeza gwero lina la kuwala, lidzakongoletsa ndi kutambasula ku gwero lofunidwa;
- kumbuyo kwa cuttings tsinde liyamba kugwada;
- Mzere wa masamba udzachepa, masamba atsopano adzayamba kupanga patali kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzache;
- mbale ya pepala idzatenga mawonekedwe ophimbidwa, m'mphepete mwawo akhoza kukulunga;
- Mtundu wa tsamba udzatayika kuwala, ngati puloteni yakhalapo kale, iyo idzawonongeka mawonekedwe ake, kutembenuka;
- Mzere wapansi wa masamba udzayamba kufa.
Ndi mitundu
Mu maluwa ndi kusowa kwaunikira:
- mochepa inflorescences adzapangidwa panthawi ya maluwa, nkotheka kuti maluwa yokha sadzachitika;
- Ngati palibe chisamaliro choyenera, masamba omwe amangiriridwa akhoza kuthawa;
- Maluwa ofalikira sadzakhala ndi kuwala kwake, adzakhala ochepa ndipo sangathe kusangalatsa ndi maluwa ambiri.
Chisankho chokonzekera kapena "chokonzekera"
Posankha kachipangizo, amalima a maluwa amakumana ndi funso: ndi chiyani chomwe chiri chabwino - chopanga chopangidwa ndi manja okonzeka kapena dzanja lopangidwa. Tiyeni tizimvetse tanthauzo la iwo ndi ena.
Zochita ndi zamwano za mankhwala opangidwa
Ubwino umaphatikizapo kusankha kwakukulu kwa zinthu, malingana ndi maonekedwe a masewera, mtengo wamtengo wapatali, chojambulajambula:
- Mphamvu ya chipangizocho imasankhidwa molingana ndi malo odzala;
- Zamakono zamakono opanga makina apamwamba ndi otetezeka kuzigwiritsa ntchito, zosavuta kugwirizana;
- zojambula zosiyanasiyana zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha malo abwino (chipangizo choyimitsidwa, pa katatu);
- Ambiri mwawo ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: mukhoza kusintha msinkhu ndi malingaliro ake, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa bwino mkati;
- Ambiri ali ndi ziwonetsero za kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziwona kuwala kwachilendo kwa diso la umunthu;
- wopanga akuwonetsera muzithunzithunzi zomwe zili pambaliyi chiwerengero cha ma radiation;
- Zipangizo zamakono zitha kuwonjezeredwa ndi mawotchi kapena mawotchi kuti azilamulira nthawi yothandizira.
Chotsalira cha mankhwala otsirizidwa ndi mtengo wapatali. Monga lamulo, zipangizo zamapamwamba za opanga otchuka ndi okwera mtengo. Malingaliro otsika mtengo sangagwirizane ndi zofunikira zina.
Zithunzi zojambula zokha
Zochita "zokometsera":
- kusankha mitundu yambiri yotsika mtengo yomwe imathandizana wina ndi mnzake mu mtundu wa mtundu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi, zopulumutsa mphamvu;
- Mukhozanso kudzigwirizanitsa momasuka nthawi;
- zokhazokha pokhapokha pamene kugula zinthu zokwera mtengo kumateteza bajeti.
Zojambula zopangidwa ndi zozikonza zokha zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndizokonzekera zokha:
- choyamba, kumafuna kupezeka kwa zipangizo, kuphatikizapo kusungunula (iron soldering, tester, screwdriver, etc.), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito.
- kachiwiri, timafunikira kudziwa zambiri pa zamagetsi, zomwe aliyense alibe.
Momwe mungayunikire maluwa amkati: mitundu ya nyali
Posankha chowala cha maluwa, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuganizira ndi kuwala kowala komwe kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Zopindulitsa pa kukula ndi chitukuko chokhazikika ndizitolo zofiira ndi buluu.
Mababu osakaniza
Mababu osakaniza ndi mawonekedwe a tungsten sangakhale abwino kwambiri: ali ndi mphamvu yochepa, amawotcha kwambiri, ndipo maonekedwe awo ofiira ndi ofunika kwambiri. 
Yobu nyali ya halogen Zimapangidwa ndi chisakanizo cha xenon ndi krypton mkati mwa babu. Kupindula kwa chipangizochi ndiko kuunika kwa kuunikira, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzere. 
Matenda a Neodymium ndi kuwala kochepa komwe kumatulutsa kumapereka kuwala kwakukulu. Chodabwitsa choterochi chimatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cha galasi yapadera ndi kuwonjezera kwa neodymium nthawi yotentha. 
Mukudziwa? The element neodymium anapezedwa ndi katswiri wamatsenga wa ku Austria Auer von Welsbach mu 1885. The element akugwiritsidwa ntchito osati mu galasi alloys. Ndichinthu chopangira kupanga maginito, champhamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi lerolino.
Zonse za nyali zonse:
- kutentha kwakukulu ndi ngozi ya zowonongeka;
- kusowa kwa mtundu wa buluu m'maseĊµera;
- kutsika;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zam'mwamba.
Kawirikawiri, alimiwa amagwiritsa ntchito nyali m'mabotolo ophikira kutentha, koma osati kuunikira kwina.
Matabwa a fulorosenti
Makandulo a mtundu umenewu ndi otchuka ndi wamaluwa. 
Malinga ndi chiwerengero cha maluwa a maluwa, mungasankhe chipangizo choyenera:
- nyali yamtengo wapatali ndi mphamvu mpaka 70 W, yoyenera kuunikira nthawi, imakhala ndi mpweya wotsika;
- Cholinga chapadera, kuyambira 35 W mpaka 50 W, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponse kuunikira kotheratu, kamakhala ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa mtundu;
- compact, ndi mphamvu yochepa ya 20 W, yoyenera kuunikira nthawi.
Ubwino wa zipangizo izi:
- Kutentha kwambiri kwa mazira ndi kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mazira a masamba;
- kupulumutsa mphamvu;
- Mitundu ya mtunduwu imayenderana kwambiri ndi dzuwa.
Zopweteka ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa zipangizo ndi ballast yamagetsi yofunika kuti mugwirizane.
Kutaya kwa gasi
Zida zotulutsidwa zikuyimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu:
- mercury. Chophimba chapadera cha chipangizochi chimapangitsa kuti miyendo ikhale yotentha kwambiri. Amalimbikitsa mapuloteni, amachititsa kukula ndikulimbikitsa maluwa. Minus chipangizo - otsika kuwala zotsatira;
- sodium Kugwira ntchito kumadera akulu chifukwa chakumangidwira. Mu kutulutsa mtundu wobiriwira pali mtundu wofiira kwambiri, umene umalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito mankhwala ndi mercury ndi zipangizo za iron halide kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino;
- metal halide. Kuganiza kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma radiation, mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zomwe zimakhala zofiira kwambiri mumatopewa zimathandiza kwambiri panthawi ya mphukira yopanga maluwa. Chosavuta cha chipangizocho chiri ndi mtengo wapatali.
Zowonongeka kawirikawiri za nyali zamtundu uwu ndizofunikira k cartridge yapadera yolumikiza.
Kuwala kwa LED
Zipangizo zamagulu amenewa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotetezeka, chifukwa mukupanga kwawo kulibe mafuta odzaza, kapena envelopu ya magalasi, kapena filaments. Ntchito imapangidwa ndi makina opangira pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Ubwino wa ma LED:
- kutulutsa kuwala popanda kutentha kutentha;
- gwiritsani ntchito ngakhale zomera zamchere;
- chiwonongeko;
- mphamvu;
- kugwira ntchito yaikulu (mpaka maola 100 a ntchito yopitilira).
Zopweteka ndizofunika mtengo. 
Mukudziwa? Loyamba loyamba la dziko lopangidwa ndi kampani ya America ya General Electric mu 1962. Ndipo chipangizo chochepa kwambiri, chokhala ndi 0,2 mm m'mimba mwake, chinapangidwa ndi a ku Japan.
Chisankho chabwino mwa maganizo a alimi a maluwa
Chimodzi cha nyali zotsika mtengo chimagwiritsa ntchito nyali za fulorosenti zomwe zimakhala ndi ballast, zomwe zingagwirizane ndi makotolo wamba. Malinga ndi malo ndi ma vasesiti, magwiritsidwe kapena makonzedwe apangidwa, ndipo magwiritsidwe ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mazira othandiza.
Nyali izi sizimasintha kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi nthaka, chifukwa sizikutentha, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali.
Zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbande m'chipinda chamdima. Mafunde a mtundu uwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zapamwamba, kawirikawiri nyali za sodium zomwe zimatha kufika pa 100 watts. 
Phokoso la sodium ndi metal metal halide luminaires yokwera padenga ndi mphamvu ya 250 W ndipo pamwambapa ndi yotchuka m'madera akulu: malo obiriwira, minda yachisanu.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mini-wowonjezera kutentha, momwe angakonzekerere nyengo yozizira. Kwa munda wa chisanu, zomera zabwino monga m'nyumba araucaria, Brugmancia, cryptomeria, ampelous dichondra, brahikoma, mtengo wa sitiroberi, callistemon, royal delonix, monstera.
Zonse muzogwiritsira ntchito, ngakhale kuti zili zodula, ganizirani zipangizo za LED. Iwo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, samasokoneza chinyezi, musati muthe kwambiri. Mipangidwe ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ponse pamadera akuluakulu, komanso pang'ono kakang'ono.
Ma LED ali ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo amakhala otetezeka kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chifukwa cha zikhalidwe ndi ndalama zawo, n'zosavuta kusankha nyali ya maluwa, chinthu chofunikira ndicho kuwerenga mosamala maonekedwe a chipangizo chogula. 
Momwe mungawerengere mlingo wa kuunikira kwa zinyumba zamkati
Zomera mwa kulandira kuwala zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- amakonda kukula m'madera otseguka a dzuwa;
- Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwala ndi mthunzi;
- maluwa, amakonda kumbali zazing'ono.
Manyazi achikondi
Maluwa awa ndi osasintha: kuti apite patsogolo, amakhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo, akhoza kutaya maonekedwe awo. Zofunika zowunikira - 500-800 lux. Mitundu iyi ikuphatikizapo Stromants, Calathea, arrowroot.
Ndikofunikira! Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala kofewa, kufalikira. Ngati ali wochuluka, maluwa angathenso kuvutika, makamaka ngati ali aang'ono kapena atangotengedwa.
Kulekerera mthunzi
Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo ivy, philodendron, dieffenbachia. Ali pawindo, safuna kuwala, koma mu kuya kwa chipinda, m'nyengo yozizira amafunikira. Chikhumbo - kuyambira 1000 mpaka 3000 lux.
Mitengo yolekerera mthunzi ikuphatikizapo rogers, sanguinaria, humanrium, saxifrage, host, swimsuit, camellia.
Photophilous
Gululi ndi amaryllis, azalea, abutilon, kalanchoe. Mitundu ina ya maluwa olekerera mthunzi ndi masamba a motley amafunika kuwala komweko. Pano ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti zomera izi zimakula mu malo okhala ndi malo otentha. Chifunikiro - 4000-6000 lux.
Lembani mzere wa backlight wa maluwa
Malinga ndi nyali yosankhidwa, kutalika kwake ndi zobiriwira ziyenera kukhala pakati pa 25-50 masentimita. Zidazi ziyenera kuikidwa pamwamba pa maluwa, osati kumbali. Kuunikira kumbali kumapangitsa mphukira kufika kwa gwero, potero zimawononga mbewu. 
Ndikofunika kuti mazirawa asamwazikane mu chipindacho, ndipo amatsogoleredwa mwachindunji ku mphika. Ndikoyenera kuti milandu yotereyi iike zojambulajambula, mwachitsanzo, magalasi kapena zojambulazo kuzungulira dera lamdima.
Ndikofunikira! Zindikirani: mtunda wa nyali kuchokera pa chinthucho, kawiri, umachepetsa mphamvu ya poizoni ndi maulendo anayi.Kawirikawiri, mutatha kuyika chipangizo chowala, mukhoza kusunga khalidwe la zinthu zowala ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, sungani kutalika kwake.
Kutsegula nyali
Kawirikawiri kuunikira kwapangidwe kumafunika m'nyengo yozizira. Pafupipafupi, maluwa amafunika tsiku lowala nthawi ya 12 koloko, masimidwe aang'ono ndi mbande - mpaka maola 16. Choncho, kuphatikiza kwa zipangizo zimagwirizana ndi masana.
M'mawa ndi madzulo amatsegula zipangizo kwa maola atatu kapena anayi. Chinthu chachikulu - kuyatsa nthawi zonse, kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi sikudzabweretsa phindu. 
Simungathe kuugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwala: zomera zimakhala ndi biorhythms zawo, ndipo kuunikira kwanthawi zonse kungayipitse masoka awo. Mitengo yambiri m'nyengo yozizira imakhala yopuma.
Mitengo imeneyi imakhala m'nyengo yozizira popanda mdima pa kutentha kwa zero kufika madigiri asanu. Kupatulapo - kwa maluwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuthetsa chiopsezo chotenga nthawi yambiri, yogula nthawi yomwe idzachotsere kuwala ngati kuli kofunikira.
Chomera chirichonse chimasiyana mosiyana ndi njira yake, choncho, popeza "chiweto", onetsetsani kuti mufunse za maonekedwe oyenera, kuphatikizapo kuunikira kwake. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa thanzi ndi moyo wautali wanu wazinyama.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
Ndimagwiritsa ntchito nyali za OSRAM neodymium chifukwa cha magetsi a neodymium pafupi ndi momwe mungathere ndi dzuwa. Zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zikhale ndi chomera komanso zimalimbikitsa kukula.
