Mtengo wa Ndimu - Kusamalira Nyumba

Kubzala mtengo wa mandimu kunyumba kwakhala kukuchitika ku Russia kwazaka zambiri, ndipo mmisiri ena amatuta kotuta za zipatso zazikulu kwambiri. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kuphika ndi mankhwala, okhala ndi vitamini C, amathandizira kukulitsa kukana kwa thupi kumatenda. India kapena China amawaganizira kuti ndiwo malo obadwira zipatso, adatipatsa dzina la chakumwacho - adapangidwa kuchokera ku mandimu.

Chidule cha Mtengo wa Ndimu

Mtengo wa mandimu ndiwosatha. Awa ndi oimira banja la a mtundu wa Chitrus a Rutovye. Dziko lakale kwawo ndi China, komwe mandimuwo adachita zokongoletsera. M'zaka za m'ma 500 mpaka 1500, anthu amakhulupirira kuti zipatso za zipatso zachikasu zomwe zimachiritsa munthu zimatha kuchiritsa munthu ku matenda ndi khate. Kalanga, izi zidakhala zolakwika, koma chipatso chimodzi chokha chomwe chili ndi vitamini C tsiku lililonse, ndichifukwa chake imatengedwa ngati njira yamphamvu yolimbana ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini. Imalimbitsanso chitetezo chathupi.

Ndimu yamkati - chokongoletsera choyenera chamkati ndi kuthekanso kulandira zipatso zatsopano chaka chonse

Kufotokozera kwachidule kwa mtengo wa ndimu:

• Kutalika, kumatha kutalika mpaka 3 metres, koma kunyumba, kawirikawiri mumphika mukaposa mamita 1.6.
• Masamba ndi okongola, olimba, ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
• Maluwa ndi oyera, ophatikizidwa ndi burashi. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino lonunkhira bwino lomwe lotikumbutsa za jasmine.
• Maluwa amatha kupanga nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma amakhala otakataka kwambiri masika. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa bud, muyenera kudikirira pafupifupi masiku 30 asanatsegule.
• Zipatso (zodziwika kwa mandimu onse) - zipatso za malalanje mu peel yakuda. Kutalika kwa ndimu yopanga ndi mainchesi 5-9, mainchesiwo ndi 4-5 masentimita. Kunenepa ndi pafupifupi 50 g.

Mwachidule za mbiri yakagwiritsidwe ndi ntchito

Zomwe ndimu zimachokera ku Russia sizikudziwika. Zipatso zimapezeka kuno kalekale ndipo zimatchulidwanso ku Domostroy. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, adapita ku Russia ndi amalonda akum'mawa. Hypothesis yachiwiri ikugwirizanitsa maonekedwe a mandimu ndi dzina la Peter the Great, yemwe adabweretsa zipatso zabwino za dzuwa kuchokera ku Holland. Pang'onopang'ono, mtengowo udayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokongoletsera, komanso kupeza zipatso.

Popeza ndizovuta kubzala mandimu kunyumba, olima nyumba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito masamba a zipatsozi. Amakhalanso ndi vitamini C, ali ndi mafuta ofunikira, citric acid. Tiyi amapangidwa ndi iwo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo za decoctions, masks, infusions. Masamba ali ndi ma pinkiller, koma amatha kuyambitsa chifuwa.

Aliyense akhoza kulima mandimu mumphika, njira yakeyake ndiyosavuta

Kufotokozera zamitundu yotchuka kwambiri

Mtengo wapamwamba wa ndimu ungakhale wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, obereketsa amakono ayesera. Chifukwa chake, aliyense ali ndi ufulu kusankha chomwe chimakhala choyenera.

Panderosis

Ichi ndi chosakanizira chapadera, chopangidwa chodutsa mandimu ndi citron. Sizikudziwika kuti mitundu iyi idawoneka bwanji. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti kudutsaku kunali kwangozi, pomwe ena akutsimikiza kuti sizingachitike popanda sayansi. Zovuta:

• zipatso zazing'ono;
• kulemera kwapakati - mpaka 100-200 g;
• Fungo la lalanje limafanana ndi mandimu, koma kakomedwe kake sikamawuma.

Kiev

Mawonekedwe akulu-akulu, omwe adawonekera mu 1994 ku Kiev, omwe akuwonetsedwa pamutuwu. Chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwake, imatha kumera osati pawindo, komanso m'minda yozizira, malo obiriwira. Mtengo womwewo ndi zipatso zake zimawoneka bwino. Makhalidwe

• kutalika kwa mitengo - mpaka 2.4 mita;
• zipatso zimatheka mpaka kanayi pachaka;
• kulemera kwa zipatso - 500-650 g;
• amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoyang'anira.

Pavlovsky

Ndimu yamkati iyi idzakondweretsa eni ake ndi kutulutsa bwino komanso kusachita bwino. Imatha kubereka zipatso zaka 20, pomwe zokolola zimachulukana ndi zaka.

Ngakhale idachokera ku Turkey, Pavlovsky imadziwika kuti ndi ya Russia, chifukwa imatha kukhala chomera mu nyengo ya Russia.

Meyer

Wophatikiza wina mu majini omwe ndi pomelo, citron ndi mandarin. Kwawoko ndi China, pomwe chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zokongoletsera m'minda ndi greenhouse. Osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zipatso zachikasu. Pansi pa khungu pali mnofu wamtambo wobiriwira, womwe umakhala wopanda asidi kuposa ndimu. Chiwerengero cha mbewu ndi 10.

Ena ena

Pakukula kwanu, mitundu ina ndiyabwino:

• Chikumbutso. Uzbek hybrid, zipatso zomwe zimayambira zaka 3-4.
• Maykop. Kutalika kwa mitengo - mpaka mamita 2, kuphatikiza zipatso.
• Lisbon. Pali minga yambiri, koma zipatso zake ndizodabwitsa - zimakutidwa ndi khungu loonda lomwe limatha kudyedwa.

Kusamalira Gulu

Kusamalira mtengo wa mandimu kunyumba ndikosavuta ndipo kumakhala kuthilira wamba, kuvala pamwamba, komanso njira zopewera matenda. Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira.

Zowunikira ndi kutentha

Chomerachi ndi chakumwera, choncho matenthedwe osakwanira sawopsa chifukwa chake. Masamba abwinobwino kuti apangidwe, 17-18 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro ndikokwanira, koma mapangidwe a masamba ndi mapangidwe zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti thermometer isagwere pansi +25 уск. Ngati zotere sizingatheke, zotenthetsera magetsi zimayatsidwa. Kudumpha kutentha sikovomerezeka, chifukwa cha kupsinjika ndimu imatsitsa masamba.

Ndimu amakonda dzuwa. Muyenera kuwabzala m'malo owala

Mtengo wa mandimu umakonda kuwala, kutalika kwa nthawi masana sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana maola 10-12, mphika umayatsidwa mbali yakumwera. Chomera chikakula, ndikofunikira kupereka zowonjezera zowunikira.

Zida zakuthirira

Kuti mtengo ubereke chipatso, ndikofunikira kuupatsa kuthirira koyenera - pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi.

Zovala zapamwamba ndi zofunikira zadothi

Ndimu amakonda dothi lopanda chonde, chisakanizo cha dothi lamasamba ndi mchenga wowuma bwino ndi bwino. Mutha kugula osakaniza opanga ndi maluwa a maluwa. Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti mbewu ikufunika kuvala pamwamba:

• Masamba achikasu amawonetsa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mawonekedwe ake.
• Zipatso zopindika zimayimira kusowa kwa phosphorous.
• Njala ya potaziyamu imasainidwa ndi zipatso zazing'ono.
• Kuperewera kwachitsulo kumawonetsedwa pakuwumitsa pamwamba.

Kuvala ndimu pamwamba pamtundu kumapangidwa kawiri nthawi yotentha, nthawi ya chilimwe, nthawi yachisanu komanso masika sikofunikira kuthira mtengo wathanzi.

Kusintha kwa mphika

Ndikofunika kwambiri kusankha bwino poto ya mandimu. Dongosolo lake liyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mtengowo. Palibenso chifukwa chosankha zida zazikulu kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kupuma kwamizu kukhala kovuta komanso kumapangitsa kuwonongeka.

Ndikofunika kusankha chidebe chadongo, koma musanabzale poto choterocho muyenera kulilimbitsa kwa maola osachepera 24. Zombo zamatabwa nazonso ndizabwino - zimapatsira mpweya wabwino chomera. Kuti mandimu apangidwe azitsamba azioneka bwino, ndikofunikira kupanga korona munthawi.

Ndimu mumphika wokongola - ulemu wowonekera mkati mwa chipindacho

Thirani mbewu

Ndimu imatanthauzanso mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo. Wobzala kuchokera ku fupa laling'ono, patatha zaka zochepa amasintha kukhala mtengo wawung'ono wokongola. Ndipo zaka zikupita, ndipo mandimuwo ali kale mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi chisoti chofalikira. Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa mbewu ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yosamalirira. Kutsata kwa tsatane-tsatane wa zochita kuli motere:

1. Ikani dothi lokonzedwa mumphika watsopano, pansi pake pomwe pali madzi ambiri. Pukutsani pang'onopang'ono pansi mumphika wakale ndikusiyira maola 5.
2. Chotsani chomera mosamala mumphika mukusungabe msuzi. Ngati mtengo uli ndi zaka zopitilira 10, mizu yake imadulidwa ndi 2 cm, kwa achichepere sikofunikira.
3. Mizu ya mandimu imamizidwa ndikuwala kwamtundu wa pinki wa potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 3-5.
4. Chomera chimayikidwa mosamala mchidebe chatsopano, mizu ndikuwongoleredwa, kenako ndikuwaza mosamala ndi lapansi ndikukhala ndi rammed. Ndikofunikira kuti ndimu isagwere, komanso sikofunikira kuti nthaka ipangike - mizu yowola ipanga mizu yopanda mpweya.

Pambuyo kuthirira pang'ono, mphika wa mandimu umasamutsidwira ku penumbra, komwe ukakhala sabata. Kenako mbewuyo imabwezeretsedwa pamalo ake oyambira.

Duwa la mandimu

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe mandimu amalima. Choyamba, masamba amawoneka, amachitika mchaka. Pakatha mwezi ndi theka iwo amatulutsa maluwa, kuwulula maluwa akuluakulu amaluwa ofiira kapena apinki. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi masiku 60, kenako zipatso zimayamba, zomwe zimatenga masiku 200 (nthawi zina zochulukirapo). Malamulo akusamalira:

1. Poyamba maluwa, masamba amatulidwa kuti asunge mphamvu ya chomera chosalimba. Ngati muli ndi masamba 20 kapena kupitilira apo, mutha kusunga.
2. Fores inflorescence samachotsedwa, amasintha kukhala thumba losunga mazira.

Maluwa a mandimu - tchuthi cha mwiniwake

Kufalikira kwa mtengo wa mandimu mkati

Pali njira ziwiri zochulukitsira ndimu.

Kudula

Nthambi zazing'ono zimadulidwa kuchokera kwa mayi chomera, pomwe pali masamba 2-3. Kuti zizike mizu, zimayikidwa mu dothi losakanizika ndi dothi labwino komanso peat, wokutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki pamwamba kuti asunge kutentha ndi chinyezi. Tsiku lililonse kutsukirako kumachitika, ngati kuli kotheka, kuthirira nthaka. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, ndikuwokhalira mumphika waukulu. Pakatha chaka china - amadzilowetsa mumphika wokulirapo, ndipo patatha zaka 4 mutha kuyembekeza kuti mupeza mbewu. Munthawi yonseyi, muyenera kupitiliza kusamalira mandimu.

Kuchokera fupa

Njira imeneyi imatchedwanso mbewu, chifukwa mbewu ndi mbewu ya mtengo wa mandimu. Zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku zipatso zakupsa, kuphatikizira zomwe zimagulidwa m'sitolo. Ndikokwanira kuchotsa mbewu ndikuziyika mu gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi peat ndi nthaka yachonde yosakanikirana chimodzimodzi. Kusiya kumafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse.

Ndimu yodziwika bwino itha kusangalatsa ndi zipatso zazing'ono, koma zopatsa thanzi.

Katemera kunyumba

Funso lomwe limadetsa nkhawa olima maluwa a novice za momwe angadzaliridwe mandimu alibe yankho lomveka. Pali njira zingapo: budding, splitting, complication. Pantchito, mumafunikira pruner lakuthwa, masamba ake omwe ndi ophera tizilombo, scion ndi stock, munda var, filimu ndi zisanza zotayirira. Ma secateurs amathanso kusungidwa pamwamba pa lawi la moto, kupota masamba - izi ziwachotsa mabakiteriya otheka.

Zotsatira za kuphuka ndimu:

1. Mabala ooneka ngati T amapangidwira mumtengo, ndipo impso yokhala ndi khungwa imadulidwa mosamala.
2. Pa scion, khungwa limakankhidwira kumbuyo, impso imayikidwa munyengo kuti ikwanirane ndi thunthu.
3. Imakhalabe kuti ikulowetse katemera pamalo a katemera, ndikusiya diso lotseguka.

Kuti muchite nawo ntchito yolima mandimu kunyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina ya katemera - kupopera. Scion ndi stock stock, ofanana mulifupi, adzafunika. Pangani ngakhale kudula, pakati pomwe kudula kokhazikika. Kenako amalumikizidwa kuti mapangidwe ake agwirizane. Ikani katemera wokutidwa ndi tepi.

Kugawika njira - kufunika katemera chitsa, kunyumba ndikosowa. Chokhazikika chozama chimapangidwa mu chitsa, pomwe amadula amachiyika ("zodulidwa"). Magawo amafundidwa ndi var var ya m'munda.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo, matenda ndi tizirombo

Kukula ndimu kunyumba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta, komabe, popanda chisamaliro chochepa, zovuta zina zimatha kubuka. Chomera chidabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumalo otentha, motero chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuthirira kozizira, kuyatsa kosakwanira, kuthirira mopambanitsa kapena kusakwanira. Mukamamupatsa chisamaliro choyenera, chiopsezo cha matenda ndi chochepa.

Kusamalira kwakanthawi - chitsimikizo kuti mtengo wa ndimu umakondweretsa mwini wake kwa zaka zambiri

Matenda akulu:

• Scab. Mankhwala, Bordeaux imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Sooty fungus kapena wakuda. Ndiosavuta kuchotsa ndi chinkhupule chonyowa; pakavulaza kwambiri, mudzafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaluso monga "Actara".
• Zovunda. Cholinga chake ndikugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuthirira, matenda a nthaka. Kuyika kokha mu gawo louma kumene kungapulumutse mbewu yomwe yayamba kuuma ndikufa.
• Kudzera kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Chomera chomwe chasokolacho chimasinthidwa ndikuchotseredwa nthaka yabwino, kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda.

Zilombo zazikulu za ndimu zopangidwa tokha ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ndi akangaude. Ndikofunika kuzizindikira pa nthawi yake ndikuchotsa pamanja, apo ayi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, omwe angawononge phindu la zipatsozo.

Kupeza mbewu yakucha ya zipatso ndizabwino

Kodi masamba a chipinda chotsekemera amasanduka achikasu bwanji komanso choti achite pankhaniyi ndi funso lofunikira kwa oyamba ndi olima maluwa odziwa ntchito. Cholinga chachikulu ndikubzala mbewu m'nthaka yosauka, mbewuyo imasowa michere pakukula, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko. Kudyetsa ndi mchere wama mineral kungathandize.

Mwiniwake wa ndimu yake yakunyumba azikhala ndi ntchito yatsiku ndi tsiku. Palibe chinyengo mmenemo; ndikokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zofunika. Pakupita zaka zochepa, mudzatha kusangalala ndi chilengedwe cha zipatso zazikulu kwambiri.