Kaloti - wokondedwa muzu wa aliyense wamaluwa. Sungani kaloti zokoma ndi zokoma monga ana ndi akulu.
Chinsinsi cha kutchuka kwa masambawa sikuti ndi kokha mwa kulawa, komanso mu vitamini katundu. Olemera mu fructose ndi carotene, kaloti zakhala zikukondwera kale ndipo zakhala zikuloŵerera kwambiri chakudya cha anthu a m'dziko lathu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yambiri ya kaloti Vitamini 6. Ndondomeko zowonjezereka za ulimi wake zimaperekedwa.
Mbiri yobereka
Vitamini 6 karoti zosiyanasiyana zinapangidwa ku Research Institute of Vegetable Economy podutsa Amsterdam, Nantes kunja kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi Tushon. Kusankhidwa kunkachitika ndi kusakaniza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya beta-carotene.
Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?
Vitamini 6 amasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya kaloti ndi zinthu zingapo.:
- kusungidwa bwino;
- ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo;
- mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi mapeto omveka;
- chofunika kwambiri cha carotene;
- mtundu wowala;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kukana tsvetushnosti.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Zosiyanasiyanazi zili ndi ubwino wambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi ena:
- chisanu kukana ndi kudzichepetsa kwa nyengo;
- zokolola zabwino;
- kusalongosola zosungika;
- ngakhale, mizu yozungulira yozungulira yomwe ili ndi maso osaya;
- kulawa;
- Pamwamba pa fructose ndi beta carotene.
Zoipa za kaloti Vitamini 6 angatchulidwe:
- wodwala matenda;
- Akufuna kusamalira.
Makhalidwe apadera ndi kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
- Maonekedwe. Zosiyanasiyana za karoti Vitamini 6 ili ndi zipatso za mawonekedwe ozungulira oblong ndi nsonga yozungulira. Kawirikawiri zimachokera ku mbewu zimakhala zofanana, popanda kupindika ndi deformation. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi lowala lalanje ndi wofiira tinge. Mutu wa zosiyanazi ndi wofanana ndi nyenyezi.
- Mitengo ya fructose ndi beta carotene. Vitamini 6 karoti ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha mavitamini, fructose ndi beta-carotene. Zokhutira pa 100 g ya kaloti: fructose - 17-22 mg, carotene - 7-10%.
- Nthawi yofesa. The mulingo woyenera kasupe kufesa nthawi izi zosiyanasiyana ndi theka lachiwiri la April - kumayambiriro kwa May. Komanso vitamini 6 ingabzalidwe isanafike nyengo yozizira, pakali pano, zokolola zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu July. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti zipatso zoterezi sizingasungidwe, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
- Mbewu kumera. Mbewu kumera imadalira osati kokha pa khalidwe lawo ndi lolimba, komanso pa mtundu wa karoti. Vitamini 6 zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mbeu yabwino kumera, pafupifupi 100%.
- Kulemera kwa 1 mizu. Kulemera kwa mizu imodzi ya karoti imasiyanasiyana mu 70-170 g. Nthawi zambiri pali zitsanzo zomwe zimalemera 200 g.
- Kodi zokolola za 1 ha ndi zotani?. Alimi wamaluwa ndi alimi amakonda kaloti zosiyanasiyana kuti zikolole bwino. Ndi kusamalira bwino ndi kuthirira, kuchokera ku hekita imodzi ya kukolola kwa nthaka kufika pa 1 peresenti ya mizu mbewu.
- Gulu la ntchito ndi kusunga khalidwe. Vitamini karoti ndi zosiyana siyana, zabwino zokometsera, kuzizira komanso kuzizira. Chifukwa cha khalidwe labwino la kusunga, likhoza kusungidwa ndi kukondwera ndi kukoma kwabwino m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imadyedwa yaiwisi, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya cha ana.
- Zigawo zikukula (Ural, Siberia, etc.). Malo okongola kwambiri okula ndi kaloti ya Vitamini 6 ndi madera onse a Russia, kupatula kumpoto kwa North Caucasus. Kuchokera m'mayiko oyandikana nawo, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ikulimbikitsidwa kulima ku Lithuania, Latvia, Kazakhstan ndi Ukraine.
- Kumene akulimbikitsidwa kukula. Vitamini 6 karoti amatha kuteteza nyengo yozizira komanso ngakhale chisanu. Choncho, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tikulitse kuchokera kumayambiriro a masika kutseguka pansi, mwachitsanzo, pamunda wamunda. Kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha sikuyenera kutero.
- Matenda oteteza matenda. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso zirombo zosiyanasiyana. Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa matenda, muyenera chaka chilichonse kusintha malo ogona ndi kaloti. Okonzeratu bwino adzakhala mbatata. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudzala kaloti komwe tomato, parsley, katsabola, nyemba kapena fennel inakula.
- Kutulutsa. Karoti Vitamini 6 imatengedwa pakati pa nyengo. Zokolola zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu miyezi 3.5-4 mutabzala.
- Ndi mtundu wanji wa nthaka wokonda. Pakuti kulima kwa mitunduyi kudzakhala malo abwino kwambiri a mchere kapena peat. PH sayenera kupitirira 7. Kuonjezerapo, nthaka ikhale yosalala, yotayirira, kuti kaloti ikhale yaikulu ndi yaitali.
- Frost kukana. M'madera monga Siberia ndi Urals, chisanu pa nthaka si chachilendo. Masiku otentha amaonekera kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira. Vitamini 6 kaloti sagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kupirira kutentha kwa 0 ° C ... -3 ° C.
Kukula
- ZIMAKHALA wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala izi karoti mwamsanga pambuyo chisanu kusungunuka kwa oyambirira yokolola. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala osachepera + 8 ° С. Kuzisungirako nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kupanga mbewu mpaka kumapeto kwa May.
- Musanadzalemo, dothi liyenera kupindula ndi organic fertilizers: manyowa ovunda, phulusa kapena kompositi.
- Kuzama kwa grooves kufesa ayenera kukhala 1.5-2 cm, mtunda pakati pa mizere - 17-20 masentimita. The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa mbewu kumera ndi 15 ° С. Zikumera zikuonekera masiku 10-12.
- Kuti ukhale wochezeka komanso wokolola, m'pofunika nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka. Karoti Vitamini 6 amakonda zambiri kuthirira mu chilimwe. Pamene chinyezi chikwanira, zipatso zimakula zowutsa mudyo ndi zazikulu. Komabe, tifunika kusamala kuti madzi asafalikire panthaka.
- Ngati chodzala chidachitika mwachizolowezi, mphukira ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kupatulira koyamba kuyenera kuchitidwa, kusiya 2 masentimita pakati pa mphukira, yachiwiri - pamtunda wa masentimita 4.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Malinga ndi kusunga magawo ofunikira, Vitamini 6 iyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, itatha kukhala yozizira, sizidzataya kukoma kwake. N'zotheka kusunga mbewu zothandiza izi zonse m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndi pa loggia mu bokosi lotentha. Asanayambe kugula masamba oti asungidwe m'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kuumitsidwa panja kapena pakalowa mpweya.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Matenda ndi tizirombo zingakhale zoopsa kwenikweni kwa wamaluwa omwe amalima kaloti pamabedi awo. Matenda ambiri a Vitamini 6 osiyanasiyana ndi awa:
- fomoz;
- rhizoctoniosis;
- bakiteriya zowola.
Njuchi zoopsa kwambiri komanso zofala kwambiri:
- karoti chigamba;
- slugs;
- wireworm.
Mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe amakula
Polima ndiwo zamasamba zowonongeka, amaluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tione mavuto omwe amapezeka kwambiri komanso njira zothetsera vutoli.
Chizindikiro cha vuto | Chifukwa cha vuto | Solution |
Kutembenuka koyambirira ndi kusungunuka kwa karoti kumapita ku burgundy | Kupanda potaziyamu | Ikani fetereza fetashi |
Maonekedwe a tsitsi zambiri pazu | Madzi ambiri okwanira | Pitirizani kuthirira mpaka kuchepera kupatulira kachiwiri |
Kuda mdima | Kusowa kwa manganese ndi barium | Pambuyo poonekera 5-6 tsamba kaloti ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi microelements (spray) |
Zomera zamasamba zakhala zambiri-tailed | Kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe kuli ndi phulusa, laimu kapena nayitrogeni | Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, musagwiritse ntchito phulusa kunthaka |
Chipatso chosokonekera | Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kapena nayitrogeni | Kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikusiya kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kunthaka. |
Mitundu yofanana
Mitundu yofanana yofanana ndi yawo ku kaloti Vitamini 6:
- Losinoostrovskaya - zowala, zokoma mizu ya zamasamba zogwiritsa ntchito.
- Nantes - pakatikati, nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
- Shantane - zipatso zobala, zokolola komanso zokonda kwambiri.
- Tushon - karoti-ngati mtundu wa karoti wotsutsana ndi mtundu.
- Mfumu - zitsamba zosakanikirana ndi zinthu zambiri za carotene.
Ziri zovuta kufotokozera ubwino uliwonse wa Vitamini 6 zosiyanasiyana karoti. Chifukwa cha izo, mawonekedwe a pulasitiki, karoti imeneyi ndi yabwino kuphika. Mukhoza kudya yaiwisi, kuwonjezera chakudya, kuzizira kapena kuziika m'nyengo yosungirako nyengo yozizira. Kulolera, kunama, chodabwitsa ndi chodabwitsa, nthawi yomweyo zidzasandulika ndi banja lililonse.