Dahlia - mfumukazi ya yophukira maluwa. Iyo imapitirizabe kufalikira mpaka nthawi ya autumn, pamene maluwa ena atha. Komanso, dahlia sivuta kusamalira zomera. Lero, ambiri wamaluwa, pamodzi ndi osatha, anayamba kulima dahlias pachaka, kulima ndi kusamalira zomwe sizikubweretsa mavuto ambiri.
Mukudziwa?Dahlia amadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Amwenye a Mayan ndi Aztec. Zomwe zimayambira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi mapaipi, ndi mizu - kuphika. Ku Ulaya, maluwa amenewa anawonekera m'zaka za m'ma XVIII.
Momwe mungatengere mbeu za kubzala
Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu za dahlias pachaka kumadalira zofuna ndi zokhumba za mlimi. Ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa oyambirira, sankhani maluwa osiyanasiyana. Mitengo yotereyi siigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pa kukula ndikusintha pachiyambi kuposa ena. Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
- "Anyamata okongola" - zosiyana siyana, mpaka masentimita 70 mu msinkhu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- "Figaro" - oyambirira osiyanasiyana, mpaka 30 cm mu msinkhu. Kusiyana mu mtundu wowala wa maluwa;
- "Pompon Mix" - kutalika kwake ndi 70-120 masentimita. Maluwa amawala kwambiri, monga mawonekedwe a pomponi, amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali atadula;
- "Nkhumba Zouma Mizinga" - Kutsika kwa zomera, mpaka masentimita 70. Maluwa awiri, osakaniza. Pamtunda umodzi ukhoza kufalikira mpaka maluwa 10;
- "Ndizovuta" - otsika, mpaka masentimita 55. Iwo ali a collar mtundu wa dahlia. Zitsamba zazikulu, zomwe zimatha pachimake kufika maluwa 15. Zilondazo ndizofiirira, zofiira kapena zofiira ndi malire oyera.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji dahlias pachaka?
Kuti musapange cholakwika posankha mitundu ya dahlia, sankhani kuti ndikuti mudzawabzala. Masiku ano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomerazi ikugulitsidwa, zimasiyana mosiyana, mtundu wa maluwa, nthawi ya maluwa, mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi masamba. Kuti flowerbed iyang'ane bwino, tcherani khutu pamene mukugula mbewu kuti mutenge kutalika ndi maluwa.
Timaphunzira zolemba
Mukamagula mbewu, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga zambiri pazomwe zili pa phukusi. (mu phukusi limodzi mungathe kupeza kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kutalika komweko, koma ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana). Ngati mukufuna kudzala dahlias pamalire, sankhani mitundu yosiyanasiyana (kutalika kwake kufika 45 cm). Kwa mabedi a maluwa, dahlias ndi abwino kwambiri - mpaka 60 masentimita.
Mukadzala dahlias pa mbande, kubzala chitsanzo
Kuti mbeu yanu ikule bwino ndikufulumizitsa maluwa, muyenera kudziwa Momwe mungabzalitsire dahlias pa mbande: 
- Kubzala mbewu za mbande kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa April;
- Mbeu zofesedwa mabokosi apadera kapena zitsamba za mbande;
- nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi peat ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1 ndi kuwonjezera kwa zowononga zachilengedwe (perlite);
- Mbeu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka: Thirani mchenga wothira pansi pa thanki, pomwe mbewuzo zimafalikira mofanana;
- pamwamba ndi chochepetsetsa cha nthaka yophika;
- kuphimba ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika masiku 7 pamalo otentha (25 ° С).
Ndikofunikira!Mlungu umodzi musanatenge, nthaka imayenera kukhala yowonongeka pansi pa malo ozungulira komanso osakanizidwa ndi mankhwala a manganese (yankho lake likutentha kwambiri mpaka 70° С). Mankhwalawa ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ayenera kuchitika patatha masabata awiri asanatenge mbeu kuti abwezeretse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Mitengo iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge muzu wa mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Mbande obzalidwa pansi asanayambe masamba, ndiye mokoma kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo posankha, mbande zimamwetsedwa kuchokera ku botolo la kutsitsi.
Dahlias amabzalidwa pakati pa mwezi wa May.
Momwe mungabzalitsire dahlias
Kotero kuti khama lanu siliri chabe, ndipo maluwawo amalandiridwa bwino ndipo amasinthidwa kumunda, muyenera kudziwa mutabzala mbande za dahlia. Ngati dahlia akubzalidwa bwino, adzalimba mofulumira komanso pachimake.
Kubzala mbewu zowera m'nthaka
Kubzala mbewu zowera m'nthaka zikuchitika pakati pa mwezi wa May. Mvula imakhala yotenthetsa, palibe ngozi ya chisanu chodzidzimutsa kapena chimfine chozizira. Musanabzala poyera, mbande ziyenera kuumitsidwa. Pochita izi, sabata imatulutsa dahlias pamsewu kwa mphindi zisanu, pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonjezera nthawi yomwe ikukhala panja. Panthawi imodzimodziyo pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutentha m'chipindacho ndi mbande, kotero kuti zimakhala zofanana ndi kunja.
Ndikofunikira!Ngati munakula mbande mu miphika yadongo, tsanulirani mochuluka musanabzala pansi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchotsa mwamsanga ndi kuchotsa chomeracho popanda kuwononga mizu.
Malo oti mubzala dahlias pachaka
Dahlias ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, choncho mbali ya dzuwa ya chiwembu popanda mipando ndi mphepo ndi malo abwino obzala. Mukamabzala maluwa m'madera othunzi, ayamba kutambasula, ndipo mtundu udzakhala wotumbululuka. Sikoyenera kuti muwabzala pansi pa mitengo kapena pafupi ndi kufalitsa zitsamba.
Dahlias pachaka: kachitidwe kafika
Dahlias kawirikawiri amasamutsa kupatsa kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha kuti atsegule pansi. Maluwa amabzalidwa kumadera akum'mwera mu May, kumpoto m'madera - kumayambiriro kwa June. 
- Malo oti ikamatera ayenera kuphika mu kugwa. Ground ayenera kukumba, kuberekedwa ndi kubwereka pamabedi kapena mabedi.
- M'chaka, pamalo osankhika, muyenera kukumba mabowo ndikuwonjezera phulusa ndi kompositi kwa iwo.
- Bzalani mbande kwa kuya kwa masentimita 6-8 muzitsime (kumapita kumapepala oyambirira).
- Madzi ndi 4-5 malita a madzi ndi spud chitsamba.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji dahlias pachaka?
Mosiyana ndi osatha, pa dahlia pachaka kubzala ndi kusamalira zosavuta. Mbewu zitayamba, nthawi zambiri muyenera kupanga feteleza ndipo musaiwale za kuthirira.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Dahlias amamwetsa madzi ngati nthaka imatha ndipo pambuyo povala. Zokwanira kuchita izi 3-4 pa sabata m'mawa. Ndizosatheka kuti madzi omwe ali m'zitsime awonongeke, amatha kuola mizu.
Chakudya chophika chikuchitika kawiri pamaso pa maonekedwe a maluwa ndi chilengedwe chonse. Pakubwera kwa maluwa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kuphatikizapo phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Phulusa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza, popeza pali potassium ambiri mmenemo, ndipo ilo lidzathandiza zomera kuti zipeze mphamvu.
Malamulo ochepetsa zomera
Kubzala zimakondweretsa ife ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, ziyenera kudulidwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, komanso panthawi ya maluwa kuchotsa mphukira zowonjezera. Kudulira dahlia kumachitika kuti kupatulira chitsamba, kupewa fungal matenda ndi tizilombo kulamulira. Ngati izi sizikuchitika, chomeracho chidzadzaza ndi mphukira popanda maluwa, chidzakula ndipo chidzakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Kukonza kumachitika ndi tsamba kapena pruner. Malo amadula odzaza ndi makala a disinfection. Musayese dzuwa kapena nyengo yamvula. Izi zikhoza kuyambitsa kuyanika kwa chomera kapena, mosiyana, kwa kuvunda kwake.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Dahlias amatha kudwala matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Ngati mukudziwa momwe mungasamalire dahlias kulima ndi kuwonongera nthaka, kupanga njira zothandizira komanso nthawi yothetsera mavuto omwe adabuka, zomera sizidzatha. Dahlia amadwala matenda a fungal: zovunda zoyera, fusarium wilt, imvi yovunda ndi yofiirira, ndi zina zotero.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal, muyenera kulima zomera pambali ya dzuwa, zoonda kunja kwa flowerbeds, kuwononga zomera za matenda ndi kuchiza ndi fungicides za systemic action - Fundazole, Oxyhom.
Mukudziwa? Mwatsoka, matenda a tizilombo samatengedwa. Zomera zimathetsedwa, ndipo zimakhala zathanzi (kupopera mbewu kuchokera ku tizirombo).
Tizilombo toopsa kwa dahlias ndi: aphid, nematode, kabichi scoop, masewera-gamma, slugs, whitefly, thrips. Kuti athetse tizilombo toononga, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitenga: kuchotsedwa kwa namsongole, kusonkhanitsa kwa maluwa ndi mbozi, kukumba ndi kuvala nthaka musanadzalemo.Ngati kugonjetsedwa kwafala, gwiritsani ntchito zamoyo, Lepidocid, Bitoxibacillin. Mitundu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo Iskra-M, Fufanon.
Kotero ndikudziwa zonse za dahlias, Kudzala ndi kulima sikudzatenga nthawi yochuluka, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakondweretsa inu ndi maluwa ambiri. Mitengo imeneyi imakhala yokongola mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, ndipo nyimbo ndi bouquets zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
