Calathea ndi wachikale wochokera kubanja la Marantov. Kwawo - America. Dzinali limachokera ku dzina lachi Greek "kalatos", lomwe limatanthawuza "basiketi", chifukwa anthu amapanga mabasiketi kuchokera masamba ake.
Kufotokozera
Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba ake akuluakulu ndi opindika, kuthekera kwapadera komwe kumatembenukira ku kuunika, kotero m'mawa makonzedwe a masamba amawongoka, ndipo madzulo amadzuka ndikuwupinda. Chifukwa chake, duwa ili limatchedwanso pemphero. Rhizome chomera chimakhala chinyezi komanso michere.
A Dachnik akufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu yomwe ili patebulopo komanso malo ojambulira zithunzi
Mitundu yoposa 120 ya mbewuyi ndiyopatula. Kutalika kwake pazachilengedwe kumatha kufika 70-80 cm. Nyumba zokhala ndi zina zake:
| Zosiyanasiyana | Kufotokozera | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Rufibarba (wokhala ndi ndevu - pa mphukira, masamba pali fluff). | Mwachidule, chitsamba, nthambi. | Satin, yopapatiza, yavy, yobiriwira ya emarodi, kumbuyo kwa tsamba ndi mphukira ndi maroon. | Choyera chaching'ono chofiirira - chikhale chowoneka ngati mkombero. |
| Madontho | Zoyambira zochepa, masamba akulu. | Bordeaux wonyezimira wobiriwira, mitsempha ya pinki, yofanana ndi tsamba. | Peduncle - wobiriwira wopepuka, maluwa - amtundu wa nondescript, ofooka. |
| Croata (Tasmania, Saffron) | Chaso, maluwa m'chipinda. | Mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, wofanana ndi malachite, mbali yakumbuyo khofi ndi burgundy, wavy m'mbali. mapesi ndi ofiirira. | Mtundu wowoneka bwino wa lalanje. |
| Zebrina (wamizere) | Kutalika kumafika 80 cm. | Velvet imakhala yozungulira yozungulira, yofanana ndi dzira. Mbali yakumaso yobiriwira moyera wobiriwira, mitsempha yokhala ngati mbidzi, pansi pake. | Ma inflorescence ndi lilac kapena oyera. Nyumba nthawi zambiri sikhala pachimake. |
| Woyaka wachikale | Masamba akulu. | Pulogalamu yofanana ndi malirime amoto ili. | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Nyenyezi Yoyera (Yambiri) | Wamng'ono, wokumbukira nyenyezi. | Zoyera ndi milozo zakuda za maolivi zakuda ndikupatuka pakati. | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Trio Star (Stromancer) | Chimawoneka ngati nyenyezi yoyipa. | Mawonekedwe ofiira, opyapyala, oyera, ali obalalidwa pamtunda wobiriwira, mbali yosiyanayo ndi yofiira. | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Louise | Zosagulika. | Mikwingwirima yopepuka komanso yobiriwira. gawo lotsika ndi lilac. | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Bohem | Zokopa | Kutalika, lakuthwa, kotakata, lanceolate, kumatha kufika 50 cm. | Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a khutu lachikaso. |
| Lansifolia (wodabwitsa, lanceolate) | Imafika pamiyeso yayikulu (80 cm.) | Malo obisika, opyapyala, okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy, utoto wofanana ndi malachite, malo amdima amapezeka mkati mwa mtsempha wapakati. | Wapinki kapena oyera-oyera. |
| Mfumukazi ya maui | Pabwino. | Kokani, pakati ngati kanyimbo wobiriwira wobiriwira | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Roseopikta (loko) | Zochepa mpaka 40 cm. | Chozunguliridwa, chamkati, ngati pa malachite medallion, chithunzi cha tsamba lojambulidwa ndi miyala yasiliva-yapinki amalemba. Mbali yakumaso ndiyo mtundu wa blueberries. | Maluwa ndi osowa. |
| Makoya | Mitundu yotchuka. Osapitirira 50 cm. | Choyimira chobiriwira chopepuka, chopangidwa ndi chingwe chakuda, mawonekedwe amkati, ngati chifanizo cha kaboni kuchokera pamasamba phulusa laphiri. | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Sakanizani | Pamwamba. | Chimawoneka ngati mbidzi, kusiyana kwa chithunzicho ndikusintha kwa mikwingwirima yozizira komanso pang'ono. | Siliphuka m'nyumba. |
| Varshevich | Zabwino kwambiri, zimafika pa masentimita 120. | Chimawoneka ngati velvet, chingwe chopepuka pakati, pang'ono pang'ono, kumbuyo ndi papo. | Kirimu zonunkhira. |
| Sandariana (wokongoletsedwa) | Pang'ono, kuchokera ku Colombia. | Chozunguliridwa, pafupifupi masentimita 20. Choyera chobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima ya pinki ndikupatuka pakati. | Khutu lomwe lili ndi zoyera ndi lilac inflorescence mpaka 8 cm. |
| Orbifolia | Zochepa. | Chojambula chowoneka ngati chokulirapo, mikwingwirima yopepuka komanso yobiriwira. | Maluwa siwofunika. |
| Obika | Pamwamba. | Fikirani masentimita 40. Mafuta obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mandimu achikasu amtundu wobalalika. | Maluwa siwofunika. |
| Mtanda (zamitundu) | Otsika | Choyang'ana m'makaso, chachikulu, ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi makona ochepa ang'ono okhala ngati mawonekedwe. | Maluwa siwofunika |
| Litz | Masamba okongoletsa. | Wazi, osati wamkulu. Mbali yakutsogolo ndi yobiriwira ndi tint ya siliva, yopyapyala yamtundu wa azitona wakuda, kumbuyo ndiko burgundy-violet. | Spiky-oyera inflorescence. |
| Pikturata (wokhala ndi utoto) | Masamba okongoletsa. | Wotsika, wowala - mtsempha wapakati komanso m'mphepete. Pakatikati ndimdima wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima. | Maluwa siwofunika. |
| Chikopa | Masamba okongoletsa. | Lanceolate - kutalika 15 cm, m'lifupi - masentimita 5. Kuwala kobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. | Spike inflorescence ndi maluwa achikasu. |
| Veicha | Kutalika kumafika masentimita 90. Kuchokera ku Peru. | Zolimba, zazing'ono, zazikulu - pafupifupi 30 cm.Mizeremizere yamdima yakuda ndi yopepuka imasiyana kuchokera pakatikati. | Kukhathamira kwa inflorescence - maluwa oyera. |
| Siliva | Pabwino | Zojambula mu siliva. | Maluwa siwofunika. |
| Crotalifera | Limamasula mchipinda. | Oblong wobiriwira. | Khutu la chikasu kapena lofiira. |
| Burle Marx (ayezi wabuluu) | Mzimayi wokongola wa ku Brazil dzina lake ndi katswiri wazomangamanga. | Choyera chobiriwira ndi kuwala kwamtambo. | Choyera ngati chipale. |
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calathea imawonetsedwa pachithunzichi:
Kusamalira nyumba mwa mtundu
Mwa mitundu yambiri ya calathea, chisamaliro kuchipinda sichosiyana. Koma palinso mitundu ina yofunika kwambiri.
| Zosiyanasiyana | Zosamalidwa |
| Rufibarba | Osapopera. |
| Korishi (safironi) | Zovuta kwambiri: - sakonda kuwala mwachindunji ndi mthunzi; - 90% chinyezi ndikofunikira - koma nthawi yomweyo, pamene kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chinyezi sikuyenera kugwa pamasamba; - Kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi mapangidwe ake sizovomerezeka. |
| Zebrina | Chinyezi chachikulu chimafunikira (90% chimafunikira), kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi osankhidwa okha. |
| Locket | Amakonda mthunzi, chinyezi 90%. |
| Varshevich | Kwambiri zofuna, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mosamala. |
| Bohem, Lansifolia, Makoya, Network | Osalemekeza. |
Mitundu yamaluwa monga safironi calathea ndi yofunika kwambiri chisamaliro, ndipo odziletsa kwambiri - makoya calathea.
Mphika
Kuthekera kwakofunikira kumakhala kotsika, koma kwakukulu. Maluwa samakonda kusayenda kwamadzi, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapoto osakhazikika a maluwa achikale, omwe sangathenso kulepheretsa mpweya kuzika mizu.
Dothi
Dothi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula arrowroot kapena azaleas ndi rhododendrons.
Mutha kuphika nokha:
- dziko, humus, peat, mitsinje yamchenga zigawo zazikulu (2: 1: 1: 1);
- dziko, humus, peat (1: 1: 1).
Chachikulu ndikuti dothi liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono, lokhala ndi chizindikiro chosagwirizana ndi acid-base balance. Itha kukhala osavomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa. Musanagwiritse ntchito, dothi losakanikirana liyenera kuthimbitsidwa (kuthilidwa mu uvuni, kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha kapena kusungidwa mu chidebe chomwe chili ndi mabowo osenda kwa mphindi 15).
Tikufika
Ndondomekozi sizingakubweretsereni mavuto ngati mungalingalire malangizowo:
- Thirani chomera chomwe chagulidwa bwino.
- Dzazani mphika watsopano wophika, pafupifupi kotala, ndi zotayira (miyala yaying'ono, dongo lokulitsa, miyala yamtsinje ndi zina zotero). Kuwaza ndi makala okhazikitsidwa kuti mupewe kuzuka kwa mizu.
- Thirani dothi mumphika mpaka kutalika kosaposa 3 cm.
- Chotsani maluwa mosamala muchombo chakale ndi mtanda wa dziko.
- Bweretsani pansi pamadzi, muzitsuka. Ngati pali zowola muzu, nkhungu ndi zowonongeka zina pamizu, zichotseni pochotsa matenda pamalopo ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndikudzaza phulusa. Yeretsani chomera kuchokera masamba owuma.
- Ikani mbewuyo pansi, ndikufalitsa mizu. Malo okukulidwa kwa calathea akhale pamwamba pa dothi pakati pa thankiyo.
- Mosamala, m'magawo, thirani dothi lotsalalo mumphika, ndikusiya pafupifupi 2 cm m'mphepete.
- Madzi abwino, oyera m'malo otetezeka kwa masiku atatu.
- Thirirani mbewu nthawi ina osapitirira masiku 10.
Malo, kuyatsa
Mitundu yonse ya calathe imafunikira dzuwa, koma osati yoyaka. Malo abwino ndi kum'mawa, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi mazenera akumadzulo.
Amapanganso bwino pansi pa kuyala kwanyengo yam'madzi, ngati kuwala kumawagwera osachepera maola 18 patsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, nyali zotere zimatha kuwonjezera nthawi yamaluwa.
Kutentha
Kusiyanako kotentha, zojambula sizimachotsedwa. Makhalidwe abwino a zopatsa mphamvu: + 20-25 madigiri.
Chinyezi
Mitundu yonse imafuna chinyezi (pafupifupi 90%) chinyezi.
Osatengera nyengo yanji, muyenera kupopera maluwa tsiku lililonse, kupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa, nthawi zonse ndi madzi osadetsedwa. Ndondomeko iyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti madzi pang'ono momwe angathere agwere pamasamba.
Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba velvety - kupatula kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa. Ndibwino kuyika malo ogwiritsira ntchito ngalande, malo omwera magalasi, mpweya wonunkhiritsa pafupi ndi duwa. Mutha kuyika chidebe ndi chomeracho ndi miyala kapena yonyowa.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofewa (pafupifupi +25 madigiri), kupewa kusayenda kwake. Kufewetsa - viyikani thumba lachivalo ndi peat mu chidebe cha madzi.
- Chilimwe - tsiku lililonse;
- Zima - kamodzi pa sabata.
Madzi akumwa - pafupifupi theka la lita pach chitsamba chilichonse cha munthu wamkulu.
Mitundu ya Velvety imathiriridwa bwino m'mphepete mwa mapoto.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Spill chomera Mphindi 10-15 m'mbuyomu. Povala, mutha kutenga: feteleza wa arrowroot kapena maluwa okongoletsera.
- Masika / chilimwe: mbewu imakula, kotero kudyetsa nthawi zonse ndikofunikira - kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri;
- Zima / kugwa: nthawi yokhala pansi - kamodzi miyezi iwiri iliyonse ndikwanira kapena kusakhutira konse.
Kusamala ndi nayitrogeni ndi calcium, kuchepa kwawo kwamphamvu kumakhudza duwa.
Kuswana
Pali njira zitatu zoberekera zopatsa mphamvu:
- magawano;
- kudula;
- mbewu.
Kugawana kwa mizu
Chosavuta kwambiri pa zosankha zitatuzi. Kwa izi, zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ndizoyenera. Ndikofunikira:
- Thira dothi mumphika usiku kuti ufewetse.
- Chotsani mbewuyo, kumasula mizu mosamala.
- Gawani chitsamba, mbali iliyonse payenera kukhala mphukira zitatu.
- Kenako yambirani (onani pamwambapa).
Kudula
Zidula zimapezeka ku duwa la munthu wachikulire wathanzi podula mosamala muzu. Ikani chovalacho mumphika ndi dothi lapadera lakale. Amaziyika mumtsuko wokhala ndi madzi onyowa, ndikupanga zobiriwira zazing'ono pamwamba (kuchokera pachikwama, botolo la pulasitiki, ndi zina). Mizu ikawonekera pamadulidwe (masabata awiri), pomwe chomera chatsopano chikayamba kukula, chimamasulidwa ku malo okhala.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Iyi ndiye njira yovuta kwambiri:
- Tangiyo imadzazidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya humus ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga.
- Mbewu zimagawidwa pamphika mu zikuluzikulu za masentimita atatu, ndikuzikankhira pansi.
- Phimbani ndigalasi.
- Amayikidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu mpaka +30 degrees.
- Pakatha theka kapena mwezi wathunthu, zikumera ziyenera kuonekera.
- Mimbulu yofatsa imakonkhedwa mosamala ndi dothi sentimita imodzi.
- Pang'onopang'ono muwasungunule, ndikuchotsa mandawo, kaye kwa ola limodzi, kenako.
- Pofika pa iwo, pafupifupi masentimita anayi amayikidwa muzotengera zosiyana.
Maluwa
Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calathea amawonekera nthawi yamasika-chilimwe. Zokongola kwambiri zili momwe zilili.
Kukula zovuta
Sizovuta kubala calire kunyumba, zolakwika zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma zimatha kuthana ndi:
| Vutoli | Chifukwa | Kuwongolera |
| Zouma, zopota zopota masamba. | Osakwanira chinyezi. | Patulani chomera tsiku lililonse. Ikani mphikawo mchidebe chonyowa. Ikani chofunda kapena malo oyambira pafupi nawo. |
| Imasiya bulauni kumapeto. | - Kuwononga mbewu. - Zojambula. | - Chepetsani kupita kwa feteleza, makamaka asafe. - Sinthani mbewuyo pamalo omwe sikunakonzedwe. |
| Kupindika kwa masamba, mawonekedwe a mawanga owala. | Kupanda chinyezi m'nthaka. | Kuchulukitsa kuthirira. |
| Ikulunga petioles ndi zoyambira masamba. | Kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi chachikulu. | Sinthani zikhalidwe za mundende. |
| Kutulutsa konyansa. | - Kupanda chinyezi. - Kudzala kwamadzi nthaka. - Nthaka yachilengedwe. | - Chepetsa mpweya pafupi ndi duwa. - Sinthani gawo lapansi. |
| Masamba owuma. | - Mwina pachaka kusintha kwa masamba. - Kukula kumachepetsedwa - palibe feteleza wokwanira, kuthirira. | - Tsatirani mbewuyo, idyetseni ngati kuli kofunikira. - Yang'anani boma lothirira. |
| Maonekedwe a mawanga owala. | Zowotcha kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena pambuyo pa madontho omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mandala. | Ikani duwa pamalo otetezeka. Musamale mukamapopera, ndibwino kuti muzichita m'mawa kapena madzulo. |
| Masamba otambalala. | Kupanda kuwala. | Yatsani duwa ndi nyali ya fluorescent. |
| Kumbuyo kuli zochulukirapo. | Spider mite kapena madzi oundana owundana. | Yenderani mbewuyo. Pakusowa tsamba, simuyenera kuda nkhawa. |
Matenda, tizirombo
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus imakhudza calathea. Koma mutha kuthana nawo.
| Vutoli | Kuwonetsera | Njira zoyendetsera |
| Spider mite | Maonekedwe oyera, malo oyera. Chikasu, masamba akugwa. | Onjezani chinyezi. Kukonza Inta-Vir, Karbofos. |
| Chotchinga | Tsambalo limakutidwa ndi malo owuma a bulauni. | Konzani shawa - +45 digiri, pukutani ndi 70% ya ethyl mowa. Pambuyo maola awiri, gwiritsani ntchito ndi sopo wamadzi ndikungogwiritsa ntchito sopo ochapira. Pambuyo pa tsiku, bwerezani njirayi, kenako pakatha masiku 4 (osachepera 7). M'malo mwa chithovu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku tizirombo (Actara, Bazudin, ndi zina). |
| Whitefly | Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapezeka kumbuyo kwa masamba. | Patulani chomera ndi Fufanon, Mospilan kapena Confidor. |
| Zopatsa | Madontho opanda utoto omwe amakula kukhala malo akulu. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka timawoneka panthaka. | Konzani shawa. Utsi inta-Vir kawiri (theka la piritsi m'milita isanu ya madzi). Thirani madzi omwewo. |
| Chakuda | Zimayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a tizirombo. Chomera chimawoneka ngati moto (wophimbidwa ndi mwaye). | Yankho la sopo lithandiza. |
| Fusarium | Kudera, kupotoza, kufalitsa zowola. Zomera zimafa. | Zomera ziyenera kuwonongedwa. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: Calathea - duwa lachisangalalo
Asayansi achi China ati Kalatea ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga zotentha, chifukwa chake chimatha kusangalatsa munthu, kuteteza ku chimfine, kusokoneza maonekedwe a magazi ndikuwasungunula.
Chomerachi chimayeretsa mpweya wozungulira woipitsa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala duwa ili kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugona, ili ndi phindu pamachitidwe amanjenje, limabweretsa mtendere kunyumba, limathandizira kupeza china chake cha mzimu.
Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Feng Shui - kalatea ayenera kukhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kapena kummawa. Potere, azisamalira thanzi ndi banja labwino.
