Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa munda wanu ndi chinthu chachilendo, samalani ku larch. Mtengo wa conifer umakhala wapadera kale chifukwa uli wa gulu lodziwika bwino. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, zowonjezera zitsamba zamasamba zimakhala pachimake, ndipo pofika m'dzinja, korona ya fluffy imadzazidwa ndi mandimu, chikasu ndi malalanje, pang'onopang'ono kutaya masamba. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, obereketsawo anabweretsa misozi yambiri komanso yochepa kwambiri yomwe sichidzasiya aliyense. Tidzauza zonse za larch, mitundu ndi mitundu zomwe zimatchuka ndipo ndi ziti zomwe ziri zoyenera pazochitika za m'munda wanu.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo yambiri yachitsulo imakhala yopanda kanthu, yomwe imalongosola kuti umphawi wawo umamera. Kubalana kumachitika makamaka ndi cuttings.
Larch: kufotokoza mwachidule
Larch (Lárix) ndilo mtengo woimira mtengo wa banja la Pine. Mu chilengedwechi, mitengoyi imakula mpaka mamita 50. Ali ndi thunthu laling'ono lokhala ndi makungwa ofiirira otsekedwa ndi mizere yakuya. Muzitsanzo zamakono, akhoza kukula m'mimba mwake mpaka mamita 1.
Kukonzekera kwa Crohn kuntchito. Nthambi zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a khunje, ndipo ngati miyengo ya mtengo imakula, imatembenuka kukhala yophimba ndi pamwamba. Pamalo amphepo amatha kuwoneka kumbali ya kumpoto. Zisoti sizinyalala, zobiriwira, zochepa. Kutalika kwa singano kumakhala masentimita 4 4. Pa nthambi zazikulu, zimakula zokha kapena zimawoneka mozungulira, ndipo pamagulu ang'onoang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu.
Mu gawo la fruiting chikhalidwe chimalowa chaka cha 10-15. Ukulu wa Larch ndi mawonekedwe a cones amadalira pa kugonana kwawo. Zipatso za amuna ndi mamba a chikasu, oval, 10 mm kutalika, ndi ubweya wofiira, nthawi zina wofiira, kukula kwake. Mbewu mapiko. Mtengo wokhala ndi masamba osabereka, umasinthasintha bwino ndi chisanu, ndipo singano zimabweranso m'chaka.
Botanists amasiyanitsa mitundu 14 ya larch. Pafupifupi onsewa akulima ku Northern Hemisphere. Ku Ukraine, zida za conifer izi zimawonekera kumadzulo kwa Carpathians. Chikhalidwe chimasinthasintha bwino ndi mitsinje yamchere, imakonda mapulaneti a dzuwa, imakhala yovuta kwa mphepo yamphamvu.
Larch amapezeka m'minda ya zipatso, makamaka ku Ulaya, Japan, Siberia, nthawi zambiri Dahurian. Zojambula zokongola zimafuna mulching pristvolnyh mabwalo, kumasula nthaka ndi kayendedwe kasupe feteleza ndi mchere zovuta feteleza. Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kupewa nkhuni amachizidwa ndi mkuwa sulphate.
Mukudziwa? Padziko lonse lapansi, larch imayamikiridwa ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe umakhala pa Brinell maulendo 109, mbuyo mwa nkhuni (110).
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya larch ku Siberia
Larch (Larix sibirica) amadziwika ndi mtengo wofewa, wamphamvu, wokwana mamita 45, wokhala ndi makungwa akuluakulu ofiirira, masamba akuluakulu obiriwira omwe amasuta fodya ndi nthambi zomwe zimakula pamakona abwino ndi zazikulu zazikulu za lumpy. Pamitengo ikuluikulu, mamba a zipatso zimapangidwa mu mtundu wolemera wa burgundy. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a zida za Siberia zikufanana ndi mtedza wambiri. Mtengo wamba ku Siberia. Zimasiyanitsa mphepo ndi kulekerera kwa chilala.
Maonekedwe okongoletsa ndi awa:
- piramidi (ndi korona mu mawonekedwe a piramidi);
- chokwanira (ndi korona wandiweyani ndi nthambi zowonjezereka pafupi);
- kulira (ndi nthambi zowononga);
- zosalala (mtundu wa korona wa larch uwu ndi cylindrical, wopanda nsonga).
Kulima kwa Ulaya: ndi mitundu yambiri yosankha kubzala
Larx decidua (European larch) (Larx decidua) ndi wamba kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Kuwoneka ku chitukuko champhamvu. Mu chilengedwe chawo chachilengedwe amatha kufika mamita 50, ndipo pamtunda wathu umakhala ndi theka la kutalika kwake, ali ndi korona wakuda ndi mtengo wamphamvu. Zisoti ziri zobiriwira. Mitsuko ndi ofiira. Maluwa amayamba mu May. Mtengo umasinthasintha pa nthaka iliyonse, kuphatikizapo miyala yamchere ndi loam, koma salola kuti madzi oyandikana nawo apite. Mitundu yonse ya larch imakonda magawo a subacid.
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza larch ya ku Ulaya ndi ku Siberia, osamvetsetsa kusiyana kwake komwe kuli. Ndipotu, mtundu umenewu umakhala ndi kulira kochokera ku nthambi za mafupa. Mtoto wofiirira kapena wofiira kwambiri ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono. Kuwonjezera apo, korona ikhoza kukongoletsedwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi michere yomwe siinapangidwe mbewu. Ndipo larch Siberia pamaso zina mitundu kutaya masamba ndipo, malinga, kukongoletsa. Ndi zizindikiro izi n'zosavuta kuzindikira kuti mitundu ina ya mtengo wa larch ndi yani.
Mukudziwa? Mosiyana ndi mapaini ndi spruce, larch imapanga singano, ili ndi korona yokhala ndi chithunzi, yokhala ndi singano zofewa ndi tizilombo tating'ono ta bulauni.Maluwa osiyanasiyana a European larch amaimiridwa ndi mitundu:
- Kornik - Mtengowo umakula mpaka mamita 1.5 ndi mamita 1.2 mamita, uli ndi korona wozungulira. Nthambi zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri, singano ndi zobiriwira, mpaka mamita 3 cm. Larch Kornik imalimbikitsidwanso m'njira yachitsulo.
- Kubwezera ndi mtengo wokula mofulumira ndi thunthu mpaka 1.5 mamita okwera ndi korona wofiira mpaka masentimita 80. Amalimidwa ngati tsinde. Zinyama zimaphuka, zimasinthasintha komanso zimakhala ndi nthambi. Analimbikitsa minda minda, minda yamaluwa ndi chidebe chokula.
- Kellermannii ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi mphukira zowonongeka ndi singano zakuda.
Chida cha Japan (Kempfer): kufotokoza ndi chithunzi cha mitundu ya munda
Chitsamba cha ku Japan (Lárix kaémpferi) pachilumba cha Honshu chimakula mpaka mamita 35. Korona ndi yayikulu, pyramidal. Nthambiyi ndi imvi, wandiweyani, makungwa ofiira. Zisoti zimakhala zobiriwira, mpaka 5 cm kutalika. Zipatsozo zimakhala zozungulira, zotsitsimutsidwa ndi ziphuphu, zimatha kukhala pafupi zaka zitatu. Amakonda malo a dzuwa panthaka ya loamy ndi dongo. Amasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina chifukwa chotsutsana ndi mthunzi ndi kumidzi, kuphulika kwake mofulumira komanso kukongoletsa kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, masamba a mtundu uwu akugwa mochedwa kuposa achibale ena onse.
Mukudziwa? Chokulira chakale kwambiri ndi zaka 800.Olima munda nthawi zambiri amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya larch ya Japan chifukwa chodzala:
- Mtengo Wachibuluu ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi mphanda wolimba kwambiri mpaka mamita 2 ndipo upamwamba wa masentimita 80 umakhala pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amalimidwa pa shtambe. Zisoti za nsalu za bluish zimakula kwambiri. Mtengo umadziwika bwino pa nthaka yachonde yonyowa.
- Diana - nthambi zosiyana zazitsulo ndi singano zosasuta. Amamva bwino pamtunda wachinyontho, samakonda chilala ndi madzi ochulukirapo.
- Pendula - larch yolira. Ndi mtengo wokwera mamita 6 ndi 1.5 mamita. Akuwombera kugwedeza. Mbewu zamphamvu, nthambi zimakhala pansi ngati sitimayi, ndipo zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'makolo amodzi komanso m'magulu.
- Nana ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi singano zowala bwino.
