Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri Ficus Varietis ("Ficus Varietis") - Izi sizitchulidwa za mitundu, koma kuyika m'minda yamaluwa, yomwe imapezeka pamabuku a zomera.
Kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa zolemba izi - "mtundu wa ficus", ndi wamba kwa onse oimira zomera.
Flower amalima okha ayenera kudziwa mtundu wa ficus ndi wa.
Koma, khalani momwe zingathere, malamulo a chisamaliro ali ofanana kwa ambiri a iwo.
Kulongosola kwachidule
Dziko la Ficus ndi mvula yam'mvula ya East Asia.
Choncho, zomerazi zimakonda kutentha, kuwala kosavuta komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Kunja, iwo amawoneka ngati zitsamba kapena mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba aakulu.
Kumtchire, amatha kufika pamwamba pafupifupi mamita 10 kukula kunyumba mpaka mamita 2.
Choncho, muyenera kuikonza pa malo aakulu komanso oganiziridwa bwino.
Kusamalira kwanu
Kusamala mutagula
Ficus "Varietis" (Varietis) safuna chisamaliro chapadera kunyumba. Komabe, zomera sizikonda kusokonezeka nthawi zambiri.
Choncho, kuti mupange chomera chatsopano, muyenera kusankha malo okhazikika omwe angafanane nawo.
Ficus sakonda zovuta.
Izi zimafuna kuwala kochuluka, koma nthawi yomweyo dzuwa siliyenera kulunjika.
Amakhala bwino m'madera ozizira mpweya, koma kukonzekera nthawi zonse kumayambitsa chomera.
Kuthirira
Malamulo a ulimi wothirira ndiwo munthu aliyense payekha.
Chilichonse chikufunika apa: zaka, malo obzala, kukula ndi zina.
Choncho, mwini wa ficus akhoza kukhazikitsa mlingo woyenera wa kuthirira mwa mayesero komanso zolakwika zina.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kumvetsera:
- Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi mumphika silinagwe kwambiri, koma musayembekezere ming'alu youma pansi.
- Ndikwanira kuyembekezera kuti pamwambapo ziwume, izi zikhoza kuyang'aniridwa ndikukankhira chala pansi ndi masentimita atatu.
- Musaiwale kuthira madzi owonjezera poto.
M'chaka ficus amafuna zambiri mobwerezabwereza kutsirira.
M'nyengo yozizira, musamamwe madzi ficus nthawi zambiri m'masiku khumi.
Ndibwino kuti madzi a ficasi azitha kutenthetsa (kutentha kwa chipinda), kukhazikitsa madzi.
Mapangidwe a korona
Kuchokera pa ficus mukhoza kupanga shrub kapena mtengo pampempha kwa mwiniwake. Kwa ichi muyenera kupanga korona bwino.
Ngati ficus yaikidwa pamutu waukulu, ikhoza kukhala ngati thunthu la mtengo wamtsogolo.
Kuti chomera chikhale bwino, muyenera kuchotsa mbali zonse, kupatulapo 3-5 chapamwamba kwambiri.
Pamene ficus ifika pamtunda wofunikako, muyenera kutsinja pamwamba ndikupita kumbali kumathamanga - nthawi ndi nthawi kudula iwo kuti korona ya mawonekedwe afunidwe.
Ngati mutadula mbaliyo mumasankha, mutasiya ena pakati pa thunthu, mukhoza kupanga mtengo wamtundu wambiri ndi korona.
Ficus chitsamba chidzayamba ngati mutayamba kunyowa mphukira zonse pamtunda wa masentimita 10-15.
Mwamsanga pamene mbali yatsopano ikuwombera, kutsogolo kutsogolo, kukula mpaka kutalika, iyenso amafunika kunyoza.
Nthaka ndi nthaka
Kamodzi pakatha zaka zingapo, mutha kusintha malo ambiri odyetserako. Kuonjezerapo, dothi liyenera kumera mu kasupe ndi chilimwe.
Pazifukwa izi, chisakanizo cha mullein, phulusa ndi mattle tincture ndizabwino nthawi ya chilimwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kuchepetsa feteleza wogula sitolo, yomwe ili ndi nayitrogeni.
Kubzala ndi kuziika
Monga dothi laling'ono, mungasankhe dothi la mchenga ndi peat ndi masamba ochepa.
Kwa ficus wamkulu, nthaka iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi humus ndi wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi lopanda thanzi.
Langizo: Ngati kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi kwa dziko lapansi kuli kovuta, nthawi zonse mungagule nthaka yokonzedwa bwino.
Pamene chipinda chadothi chimakhala chokwanira kwambiri ndi mizu yosakanikirana, ficus iyenera kuikidwa mu chodepa chachikulu. Chizindikiro cha izi chikhoza kukhala kuyanika ndi zomera zothamanga.
Ndi bwino kubwezeretsa ficuses masika kapena chilimwe. Koma zomera zing'onozing'ono zimatha kuziika kamodzi pachaka, komanso nthawi zambiri kuposa zomera zazikulu - kamodzi pa zaka zitatu.
Ndi cholinga chomwecho, pamene mukulumikiza, ndizotheka kuchepetsa pang'ono mizu ya zomera.
Kuswana
Ficasi imabereka mwa njira zosiyanasiyana, koma chitani nthawi yomweyo - m'chaka.
Njira yotchuka kwambiri - vegetative, ndiko kuti, cuttings. Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunikira kudula mphukira za oblique kuchokera pamwamba mosavuta. M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, ayenera kufika 10-15 masentimita.
Masamba awo aakulu ayenera kudulidwa pakati kapena kupotoka ndi udzu kuti athetse kutuluka kwa madzi, ndipo pepala la pansi liyenera kuchotsedwa.
Madzi a milky omwe amachoka mu kagawo amafunika kutsukidwa kuti asasokoneze mapangidwe a mizu, kenaka ikani kudula m'madzi kwa maola angapo, ndipo mutatha maola angapo muumitse chidutswacho.
Kenaka, mizu pa chogwirira imatha kumera m'njira ziwiri.
Kapena ayikeni mu chidebe ndi madzipamene mpweya umatayika ndi kusunga phesi pamalo owala kwa masabata 2-4, kutentha kutentha kuposa madigiri 25 ndi chinyezi.
Kapena mwamsanga muyike mu gawo lapansi la peat, mchenga ndi vermiculite (monga njira, yomaliza ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi perlite).
Gawo louma lowazidwa ndi malasha osweka ndi kubzalidwa m'nthaka, yokutidwa ndi phukusi kapena mtsuko. Dziko liyenera kukhala lonyowa.
Mtengo wowonjezera woterewu umayenera kukhala mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse, ndipo masamba atsopano akamaonekera pazitsamba, zomera zowonongeka zimatha kuyesedwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zowonjezera kutentha.
Kuberekanso kumatheka ndi kuthandizidwa ndi tsamba ndi tsinde. Mzere woongoka wapamwamba umapangidwa pamwamba pa maluwa a axillary, ndi m'munsi mwa oblique - ndi kutengedwa kwa gawo lalikulu la internode.
Amaikidwa pansi mpaka phesi la tsamba, ndipo tsambalo likulumikizidwa ndikumangirizidwa. Kupyolera mu izo, mukhoza kudumpha nsonga - kuti ukhale wolimba. Ikani pansi pa kanema kapena galasi kuti mukhale pafupi masabata 3-4.
Mitundu yayikulu ya ficuses imatha kuchulukitsa mpweya wambiri. Pa gawo ili la thunthu (10-15 cm) mkati mwa masentimita 60 kuchokera pamwamba pokha pamakhala kutsukidwa kwa masamba ndi mphukira, pakati pa pansi pa mphuno makungwa a mphete akudulidwa ku cambium (kutalika kwake - 1-1.5 cm).
Mdulidwewu umathandizidwa ndi njira yolimbikitsira kukula kwa mizu, wokutidwa ndi sphagnum ndi lonyowa moss wophimbidwa ndi poyera polyethylene, kukonza zingwe kapena kuzungulira kumbali zonsezo. Pakangopita miyezi ingapo, mizu imapangidwa, ndipo ikamakula bwino, zigawozo zimatha kudulidwa ndikubzala pansi.
Kutentha
Thermophilic ficuses salola kuleza.
M'chilimwe ali omasuka ku kutentha mpaka Madigiri 35 a kutentha.
M'nyengo yozizira kuchepetsa kukuvomerezeka mpaka madigiri 20 - koma siwowopsya.
Nkofunikira: Kusamala kumafunika kuthandizidwa kuti ficus isamaimitse mizu - musayifikitse pansi kapena ozizira.
Chithunzi
Mu chithunzi ficus "Varietis" (Zosiyanasiyana):
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kawirikawiri, ficuses amatha kukwanira matenda onse ndi tizilombo toononga, makamaka ngati mbewu ili ndi chitonthozo choyenera. Komabe, nthawi zina mavuto amabwerabe.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo akuphatikizapo fungal anthracnose ndi chilli. Amadziwika ndi zilonda kapena mawanga pa masamba.
Masamba odwala amayenera kuchotsedwa ndipo muzichitira ficus fungicide. Pa nthawi ya matenda zomera sizimayenera kupopedwa ndi madzi.
Ndi bwino kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kupuma m'chipinda tsiku ndi tsiku.
Madontho a edema amawonekera chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri, masamba akugwa - chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Pazochitikazi, mukufunikira kusintha ndondomeko ya chisamaliro cha ficus.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ta ficus ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mungathe kumenyana nawo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo.
Mukhozanso kupukuta masamba a chomera ndi njira ya mowa.
Njira ina - gwiritsani ntchito anyezi kapena adyo kulowetsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati tizilombo tawoneka pa chomera chomwecho, cholinga cha prophylaxis, maluwa ena amkati ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo.
Malamulo a chisamaliro cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ficus amasintha.
Koma ngati maluwayo amadziwa molondola mbewu zake zosiyanasiyana, adzatha kumupatsa zinthu zoyenera kwambiri zomwe zingathandize kuti nyumbayo iwonetsere ulemerero wake wonse.
