Ambiri okonda minda yamaluwa amakonda kukulitsa zitsamba zosazolowereka ndi zosowa pa ziwembu zawo. Chimodzi mwa zokondedwa kwambiri ndi rosemary. Alimi ena amasankha mwanzeru kuti adzakulitse, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti m'maderawa mbewu imeneyi simamera bwino. Koma kudzera pakuyesa komanso zolakwika, adapangira malangizo, omwe mungathe kukhazikitsa munyumba yanu ndikusangalala ndi fungo labwino.
Kufotokozera kwa mbewu ndi chithunzi
Rosemary imachotsa tizilombo ndi fungo lake
Rosemary (Rosmarínus) ndi wachibale wazomera monga lavenda, mankhwala a mandimu, timbewu ta masamba ndi basil. Mutha kusokoneza fungo lawo ndi chilichonse.
Nthawi zina mumatha kumva maina ena: mame aku nyanja, mtundu waukwati kapena lubani.
Kunja, rosemary imawoneka ngati shrub yayitali (mitundu ina imatha kutalika kwa 1-2 m) yokhala ndi masamba mu mawonekedwe a singano (mu izi ikufanana ndi ma conifers). Chomera ichi chikufalikira, nthawi zambiri pa icho mumatha kuwona maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki, oyera kapena ofiirira. Zipatso zake ndizokulungidwa ndikufanana ndi mtedza.
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu isanu ya rosemary. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi rosemary yamankhwala.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira maluwa ku Russia
Ngakhale zonunkhira zakadakulirabe m'magawo, sizoyenera kuyerekezera kuti chomera chimva bwino pansi pazikhalidwe zilizonse. Pazinthu zanyumba, mitundu yotsika imasankhidwa, kuti ikhale yolima, yocheperako yomwe imasankhidwa.
Rosemary amakonda kuwala komanso kutentha. Kuphatikiza pa kutentha kwa nyengo, ndikofunikira kulingalira za dziko lapansi. Shrub amakonda kuwala, dothi lotayirira ndi kuphatikizika kwa laimu.
Momwe limamera bwino m'maderawo
Spice anali chomera chakum'mwera, choncho kumpoto chakum'mwera, komanso ku Urals komanso kumadera ena a dera lapakati, izi sizovuta kukhala. Kuwala pang'ono, kuzizira mwadzidzidzi komanso nthaka yosayenera kumatha kupha chitsamba ngakhale magawo oyamba. Ngati mukufuna kupeza rosemary, koma ndikukhala kumadera ozizira, ndiye kuti mungakondere mitundu ya m'nyumba.
Kunyumba, ndizosavuta kutonthoza mbewuyo mwaluso (pogwiritsa ntchito nyali, dothi losankhidwa, kutentha, ndi zina).
Koma kuyandikira kum'mwera kwa kum'mwera, kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri kukula kwa rosemary. Ndiyenera kunena kuti ngakhale madera ena a Chigawo cha Moscow komanso dera lapakati ndi oyenera, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti nyengo ya nyengo pano siizizira kwambiri, ndipo nyengo yotentha siuma.
Madera akumwera (Kuban, Krasnodar, Crimea) ndi abwino kulimidwa. Mkhalidwe wokhawo, wobwereranso, sudzakhala malo owuma kwambiri, chifukwa rosemary sagwiritsidwa ntchito kokoka chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga, koma kuchokera mafunde amlengalenga, kotero ngakhale kuthilira mbewu yabwino kwambiri kumatha kufa chifukwa chosowa chinyezi m'mlengalenga.
Ntchito pa Kuteteza Masamba
M'madera otentha, nthawi zambiri mutha kupeza chitsamba chachikulu cha njirayo panjira yopita ku nyumba kapena m'munda.
Rosemary ndi yabwino pobzala m'magulu komanso osakwatiwa
Mzere wapakati umadziwika ndi kukongoletsa kwa rosemary kwa terata kapena mabedi azonunkhira, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kukulitsa shrub yayitali m'malo omwe chisanu sichiri kawirikawiri.
Nthawi zina malire, ngakhale mipanda yolumikizidwa, imapangidwa kuchokera ku chomera ichi, chomwe chimawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Mwa ma lat latikati, ndikofunikirabe kuphatikiza rosemary posakanikirana ndi timachuzu tachu. Chifukwa chake, mudzadzipulumutsa ku mavuto ambiri ndi zitsamba zobirikiza nyengo yachisanu. Mutha kuphatikiza rosemary ndi zonunkhira zina: thyme (thyme), oregano (oregano), timbewu tonunkhira, mandimu, etc. Mutha kukongoletsa kukongola konseku kutali ndi zakudya za chilimwe. Ngati peyala la rosemary, mutha kudzala lavender, sage kapena juniper.
Ngati mukufuna kusankha kena kotsalira, ndiye kuti tikukulangizani kusankha eremurus. Zikuwoneka zosangalatsa
Mutha kuyesa kukula ngati rosemary (njira iyi imawonedwa kwambiri ku maiko aku Mediterranean), koma apa nkoyenera kusamalira mbewu za mtundu uwu kapena umodzi.
Momwe mungabzalire: nthawi, njira, zidule
Kuti mukukula rosemary poyera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zobzala. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zake, choncho muiwerenge mosamala ndikusankha yoyenera.
Kukonzekera kwatsopano kubzala rosemary
Choyamba, muyenera kusamalira nthaka yomwe chitsamba chidzabzalidwe. Dziwani kuti zonunkhira zokonda sizikonda madambo komanso malo osefukira. Chifukwa chake, pakufikira, sankhani malo ndi lathyathyathya pamwamba, koma pewani kuyeseza.
Kwambiri, rosemary sakonda dothi lolemera. Pofuna kusangalatsa tchire, konzani gawo locheperako: sakanizani chernozem ndi masamba owuma, ena osakhazikika panjira ndi mchenga. Tengani zonsezo zigawo zofanana. Kenako onjezani laimu yopondera gawo limodzi mwa mabatani 10 a gawo lapansi la 100 g la laimu.
Mabedi azitsamba zamtsogolo akuyenera kuyamba kukonzekera masiku 7-10 asanabzalidwe. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pawo imafunika kuti inyowetsedwe pasadakhale, ndipo masiku 3-4 asanabzalidwe, onjezerani mavalidwe apamwamba a mchere.
Kulima mbewu yamasika
Kumera kumayenera kuyamba kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mbewu zimamera m'nyumba. Kwa izi, muli zida zingapo nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa (chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti ndi oyenera kukula maluwa). Zachidziwikire, mutha kufesa mbewu mwachindunji mu dothi, koma palibe chitsimikizo kuti kutentha kudzakhala kotentha, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi yolima mudzaona rosemary yanu ili pafupi kugwa. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuti mwina awone ubongo wawo mchilimwe, timalangiza kufesa mbewu m'nyumba makamaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February.
Malangizo ndi malangizo a kukula kwa rosemary pogwiritsa ntchito njere:
- Tengani chidebe choyera ndikukulikungani m'magawo angapo kuti mutha kuyika nthangala zingapo mbali imodzi ndikuwaphimba ndi yachiwiri.
- Thirirani theka limodzi la gauze m'madzi ndikufalitsa njereyo ndi wosalala. Pambuyo pake, kuphimba ndi theka lachiwiri la chonyowa.
- Moisten gauze tsiku lililonse kuchokera botolo lothira. Mchipinda momwe mbewu zimamera, kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse pa 19-23 ° C.
- Dothi lomwe rosemary lidzabzalidwe liyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale.
- Pambuyo masiku 3-5, sonkhanitsani njere ndikuzifesa ndi yopyapyala, ndikufundira ndi dothi (wosanjikiza sayenera kupitilira 5 mm). Nyowetsani dothi ndikuchotsetsa ndikusunga chidebe ndi njere zobzalidwa ndi polyethylene (poyamba muyenera kupanga mabowo), kenako ikani chidebe pamalo otentha.
- Madzi ayenera kuthiriridwa katatu patsiku, moyenera muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti kuti musawononge nthaka mwangozi ndikufotokozera mbewu zake.
- Pakatha pafupifupi masiku 14, mudzazindikira kuti tumphuka tating'ono timene timatulutsa. Pamene mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera pamwamba pa nthaka, chotsani polyethylene ndikukhazikitsa zotengera mu dzuwa.
- Pakatha miyezi ingapo, zikumera ziyenera kulimbitsidwa kale kuti zibzalidwe. Kusunthira pansi sikovuta kwambiri: mumangofunika kukumba mosamala zikumera ndikuwabyala pamabedi.
- Atabzala rosemary, dziko lapansi liyenera kupukutidwa.
Masoka odulidwa
Kukula zonunkhira motere ndikosavuta. Zidulidwa pankhaniyi zimakhala nsonga za mphukira, zomwe zimadulidwa kuchitsamba chachikulire. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolumikizira ndi Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Monga zodula, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zitsamba zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika ngati zonunkhira
Malangizo a kukula kwa rosemary pogwiritsa ntchito kudula:
- Chotsani masamba apansi panthambi, povumbula pang'ono tsinde.
- Ikani nthambi m'madzi ndikudikirira mpaka mizu itamera kuchokera kwa iwo (mungathe, kuwabzala mumphika wapansi ndikudikirira mpaka mizu itamera pamenepo, koma njira ndi madzi ndiyothandiza komanso yomveka bwino). Mizu itayamba kuoneka, timuyo timakonzeka kuti tiwokanitse panja.
- Madzi omwe amakhala pansi pa mitengo yake amayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse la 3-4. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mphika, thirirani zitsamba tsiku lililonse, koma osapitilira kuchuluka kwa madzi.
- Mizu yake imayenera kuwonekera pakatha masiku 20. Izi zikangochitika, muyenera kusamutsa odulidwa nthawi yomweyo kumabedi okonzekera. Muyenera kubzala zitsinde mumabowo ndi kuya kofanana ndi kutalika kwa mizu. Thirirani dothi pansi pa mitengo yobzalidwa.
Kulima kwa chilimwe
Kugawanitsa ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yopezera zonunkhira m'munda mwanu. Sizitengera mphete zoyambilira zapakhomo monga kumera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapangitsa kubzala rosemary panthaka. Izi zimachitika bwino mu June.
Gawo:
- Konzani dothi pobzala mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ali pamwambapa.
- Chotsatira, muyenera kupeza chitsamba chokwanira ndi mphukira (mutha kuyang'ana izi m'sitolo kapena kwa munthu amene mumamudziwa).
- Mizu yake ichotsedwe padziko lapansi ndikuigwedeza.
- Kumbani mabowo m'nthaka ndikuzama kuyeza kutalika kwa mizu, ndipo mudzala zitsamba.
- Thirirani nthaka.
Zosamalira
Kusamalira moyenera nthawi zina kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuposa kuganizira za kubzala. Pali malamulo angapo wamba.
Kuthirira
Kutsirira kumadalira malo ambiri, kuphatikiza dera lomwe chitsamba chidalidwa. Nthawi zambiri tchire la rosemary limathiriridwa pang'ono. Ngati nyengo ndiyotentha kunja, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthirira madzi mu tsiku limodzi. Ngati matope ake ndi abwino, ndiye kuti kuthirira kuyenera kubwerezedwanso masiku atatu alionse. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silisunga chinyontho ndipo limatha kukoka bwino, chifukwa chake muyenera kusinthira mabedi nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Wogwiritsa feteleza ayenera kuyamba kuyandikira maluwa. Kamodzi pamwezi, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, shrub iyenera kukumana ndi manyowa. M'dzinja loyambilira komanso nthawi yozizira, izi sizifunikanso kamodzi pamwezi.
Zisanu
Nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa rosemary ndi nthawi yozizira, popeza siubwino wozizira. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kufa kwa chomera, muyenera kumangirira nyumba yake yobiriwira, mizu ndiyofunika kuphimbidwa ndi utuchi. Kuthirira nthawi yachisanu kumachepetsedwa mpaka 1 m'masiku 7. Ngati zonunkhira zikukhala kunyumba, ndiye kuti kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi - kawiri m'masiku 7.
Inde, nyengo yachisanu imadalira kwathunthu nyengo nyengo. Kummwera, mmera nthawi zambiri safuna kunyengerera konse ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhalapo yokha m'munda womwewo wamasamba kapena m'munda.
Matenda
Rosemary ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri. Matendawa amatenga matenda, ndipo fungo lake labwino limawopseza pafupifupi tizirombo tonse.
Ngati mukuonanso kuyanika kwoyera pamasamba ndi zimayambira, komwe pambuyo pake kunasandulika bulauni - mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew. Izi sizowopsa - muyenera kuchotsa madera omwe awonongeka, ndikuyika dothi losasakanizidwa ndikuwachitira ndi njira zapadera (mwachitsanzo, Baikal-M kapena Fitosporin-M)
Mavuto omwe akukula ndi njira zothetsera
Mukamakula rosemary, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto. Chofunikira kwambiri apa ndikutsatira malangizo onse ndikusamalira moyenera. Komabe muyenera kudziwa za zolakwika zomwe zingachitike:
- Masamba akamazirala ndikufota, titetezere maluwa, iye amawongolera dzuwa, amupatse iye mthunzi;
- ngati otsika okha ndi achikasu, kuthirira kukwezedwa;
- ngati fungo la chomera lafooka ndipo masamba agwa, m'malo mwake, kuthirira pang'ono;
- Ngati masamba adakulungidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi madontho, chitsamba chimagundidwa ndi bulangeti kapena aphid, ufeze mbewuyo ndi mawonekedwe oyenera (Admiral, Aktara, etc.).
Zomera zakumwera nthawi zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupuma, kutentha, nyanja ndi kupumula, kotero pafupifupi nyakulima aliyense amafuna kukhala ndi alendo amodzi kapena awiri abwinowa patsamba lake. Posachedwa, rosemary ikutchuka kwambiri. Mwa kuyesayesa ndi zolakwika, wamaluwa adasinthira zitsamba zonunkhirazi kukhala m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia.
