Alimi a mphesa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, kukoma kwabwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola a mitundu. Makhalidwe amenewa amaphatikizidwa ndi mphesa zosankhidwa ku Ukraine Sofia.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa Sofia
Sofia adabzala mtundu wa mphesa wosakanizidwa posachedwa, pafupifupi zaka 8-10 zapitazo, wolemba waku Amateur waku Amerika V. Zagorulko. Pogwira ntchito yatsopano yosakanizidwa, wolemba adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mphesa za Arcadia ndi Radish Kishmish. Zotsatira zake zinali mphesa zoyambirira tebulo, zomwe zinatchuka mwachangu pakati pa omwe amakonda mphesa za ku Ukraine chifukwa cha zokolola zake zambiri komanso malonda ake. Madera akumwera ndi pakati ku Russia, komwe nyengo yamvula sinali yozizira kwambiri, Sofia amakhalanso wamkulu. Chifukwa cha masamba okongola, omwe amakhala ndi chikaso chosangalatsa pakugwa, Sofia nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokongoletsa.
Sofia mphesa mu nyengo ya Cherkassk - kanema
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Sofia ndi ya ma tebbrids okhala ndi tebulo ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yakucha kwambiri (kukula kwa masiku 100-115).
Zomera zimadziwika ndi kukula kwamphamvu. Mpesa ndi wolimba, wowoneka bwino kwambiri, wopsa bwino pafupifupi 100%. Masamba otumphuka pamwamba pa mphukira amapentedwa mu mtundu wakuda wobiriwira, palibe pubescence. Mawonekedwe a masamba ndi ozungulira, mawonekedwe ake ndi osakanizika pang'ono, mawonekedwe amatha pang'ono kuwinduka. Mukugwa iwo amatembenukira chikasu wobiriwira.
Sofia maluwa ofanana-akazi - achikazi. Amazindikira pafupifupi mungu uliwonse, ngakhale mphesa za ku Arcadia zimawonedwa ngati mungu wabwino kwambiri. Ena opanga vinyo, kukonza makonzedwe azipatso, amachita kupukusa mungu mothandizidwa ndi kuwomba.
Maburashi a Sofia amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu, kapangidwe kake ndi kukula kolimba kwa zipatso
Magulu amapangidwa okulirapo (800-1200 g, nthawi zina mpaka 3 kg), mawonekedwe ake. Kapangidwe ka burashi ndi wandiweyani, kotero nthawi zina mumayenera kuwonda kuti musawononge zipatso.
Zipatso zooneka ngati ovoid ndizambiri kwambiri (mpaka 2.8-3.6 masentimita m'litali ndi 2.0-2.1 masentimita), kutalika kwawo kumafika pa g 15. Mowoneka, zipatsozo ndizofanana ndi mitundu ya makolo ya Arkady. Khungu la pinki limakhala lokwinya, koma likadyedwa silimva konse. Thupi lamkaka kwambiri, lonunkhira komanso kukoma kosangalatsa ndi kununkhira kwamadzi kumabisala pansi pa khungu. Zipatso zambiri sizikhala ndi njere, koma zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zimakhala ndi mbewu 1-2, ndipo ngakhale zina zimakhala zofewa, zosakhwima chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zoumba pakati pa "makolo".
Kufotokozera zamitundu mitundu ya Sofia pavidiyo
Makhalidwe a mphesa Sofia
Ambiri omwe amalima vinyo akuyesera kuphatikiza Sofia m'mitolo yawo chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri zamitundu iyi:
- mbewu zoyambirira ndi zambiri;
- kusowa kwa zipatso;
- ulaliki wabwino kwambiri ndi kukoma kwake;
- kukana kutentha kwapafupi ndi chilala (ndi nthawi yayitali yotentha ya mulu womwe muyenera kuphimba ndi masamba);
- kupangidwa mwachangu kwa mizu pamadulidwe ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kupulumuka kwa mbande;
- kuchuluka kukana matenda fungal;
- kukana kwa mayendedwe, komwe ndikofunikira pakulima mphesa kugulitsa.
Zoyipa zamitundu:
- kufunsa chisamaliro;
- maluwa ofanana amuna okhaokha;
- kuchuluka kachulukidwe ka gulu, komwe kumapangitsa kufunika kondaonda;
- zipatso zosokonekera mumvula;
- kutsanulira kwa zipatso mwachangu pachitsamba;
- kukana chisanu kochepa (mpaka -21 zaC)
Malamulo okhathamira ndi chisamaliro
Sofia ndi yamtundu womwe umafunika chisamaliro chabwino, choncho ndibwino kutengera alimi odziwa ntchito kuti aulime.
Chinsinsi chakukula ndikukula koyenera.
Kubzala mphesa Sofia
Nthawi zambiri palibe mavuto ndi kubzala kwa Sofia wosakanizidwa, popeza zodulidwazo zimakhazikitsidwa bwino ndipo mizu yake ikukula mwachangu.
Mutha kufalitsa mphesa pomalumikiza muyezo, koma monga katundu muyenera kusankha mitundu yolimba yolimba, apo ayi, chomera cholumikizidwacho chimatha kukhala chofooka.
Pochulukitsa, gawo lam'munsi la chogwirira limadulidwa ndi mphero ndikulowetsa gawo logawanika
Podzikonzera nokha mbande, zodulidwa zokonzekera bwino (zokhwima, zokhala ndi masamba 4-5) ziyenera kuyikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi koyambirira kwa February. Ndikothekanso kuzika mizu munthaka yonyowa, yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi.
“Ndevu” zokhala ndi mizu yoyera zimawonekera pamtundu wakudula m'madzi
Kubzala mbande pamalo okhazikika zitha kuchitika kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa zaka khumi (zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi), komanso nthawi yophukira (Seputembala). Poganizira kuti chisanu cha Sofia sichikula kwambiri, ndibwino kuti mudzabzalire mu nthawi yophuka, kuti mbande zitha kuzika mizu m'malo atsopano pofika nyengo yozizira.
Masabata 2-3 asanabzalidwe, dzenje la 0.7-0.8 m kukula amakonzedwa (m'mimba mwake ndi kuya ndikufanana). Udzu wonyowa (njerwa yosweka, miyala) umayikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo, kenako humus wophatikizidwa ndi nthaka yachonde ndi superphosphate (25-30 g) umathiridwa mu dzenjelo mpaka theka lakuya. Zosakaniza zakudyazo zimakutidwa ndi dothi loonda ndikulola dzenjelo kuti liimirire.
Danga la pansi pa dzenjelo limapereka ngalande zapamwamba komanso kupewa kutuluka kwa chinyontho
Kuunjika mizu musanadzalemo kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi chokupatsani mphamvu. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mbande zomwe zagulidwa, mizu yake iyenera kukonzedwa pang'ono musanabzidwe ndikunyowetsa maola 12-24 m'madzi.
Mukamatera, muyenera kusamala kuti muchepetse mizu yoyera. Popeza kuti mwagona ndi nthaka ndikusintha dothi, musaiwale kuthilira mmera ndi zidebe ziwiri za madzi ofunda.
Kubzala mphesa - kanema
Malamulo okula
Pakukula kwa Sofia, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za zina za hybrid iyi. Mwachitsanzo, kuyanika dothi kumasokoneza mbewu. Komabe, konyowa kwambiri, mvula yamvumbi imapangitsanso kuchepa kwa zokolola. Kutsirira kumayenera kukhala kwachizolowezi, koma osati kochulukirapo.
Alimi ambiri odziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa (monga wolemba mizereyi), pokhulupirira kuti mizu ya mphesa ndi yayitali ndipo simungayithirire kuthirira. Zowonadi, ngati dimba lili pafupi ndi mphesa, nthawi zambiri chitsamba chimachotsa chinyontho chofunikira kuchokera pamenepo. Mtunda kukafika ku mbewu zoyandikira kuthirira kupitirira 5-6 m, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimadumphika ndipo mutha kuyiwala za zipatso.
Nthawi zambiri, mphesa zimamwetsedwa ma 4-5 nthawi yachilimwe: masamba atatseguka, maluwa asanakhale, pomwe phulusa limakula, mutatha kukolola komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira) nyengo yadzuwa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira ayenera kukhala malita 50-60 pa chitsamba chilichonse, chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira chisanu chisanachitike - malita 120. Madzi amathiriridwa kuming'alu, kudula theka la mita kuchokera pa tsinde.
Kuthirira mphesa pavidiyo
Njira yabwino ndi kutsitsa madzi, komwe kumakupatsani chinyezi chambiri chambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, mbewu za mphesa zimafunikira kuvala pamwamba. Pankhaniyi, Sofia amakhalanso ndi zomwe amakonda - ndizovulaza pazowonjezera za nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu kwambiri. Mavalidwe apamwamba nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira. Kuphatikiza pa feteleza wa michere, zinthu za organic ziyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa (zomwe, mwadzidzidzi, zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ofunikira mphesa). Manyowa amathiridwa m'madzi kapena kuthira ngati mulch wosanjikiza, womwe umasunga chinyezi m'nthaka ndikuthandizira mizu. Osayala mulching wosanjikiza pafupi ndi 5-6 masentimita kuchokera pa tsinde!
Kudyetsa mphesa - kanema
Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yakukula, Sofia amayenera kupangidwa ndikupangidwira nthawi zonse. Kudulira mipesa mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Kudulira kwa masika kwa mphukira yophukira kuyenera kukhala kwapafupi - kwa maso a 4-8.
Mutha kupanga chitsamba chowoneka bwino pamapanga amtundu umodzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito trellises ndi visor kapena arches.
Mitundu ya mphesa yolimba imaberekana bwino kwambiri
M'dzinja, mphesa zimayenera kukonzekera yozizira. Kukaniza kwake chisanu sikokwanira kwa dzinja popanda pogona. Chifukwa chake, mipesa iyenera kumasulidwa ku trellis, kudula mphukira zowonjezera, kumangirizika pamodzi ndikutsitsidwa pansi. Mutha kumawotcha mbewuzo ndi udzu, mabango, nsapato za mafuta, kapena nthaka chabe.
Mpesa zomwe zimatsitsidwa pansi zimayenera kumangidwa ndi udzu - izi ziteteza mbewu ku chisanu
Kuteteza mphesa za Sofia ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kukhazikika kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi olembedwa ndi wolemba wa Sofia wosakanizidwa ndiokwera kwambiri - 3,5 ... 4 mfundo. Komabe, kupewa mphutsi ndi oidium ndikofunikira ngati mukufuna kukolola kotsimikizika. Fungicides oyenerera kwambiri ndi TILT-250 ndi Ridomil, ngakhale mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux osakaniza kapena calcareous msuzi (ISO).
Njira zothandizira kukonza mphesa - kanema
Zipatso zokoma nthawi zonse zimakopa mbalame ndi mavu. Mbalame zimatha kukhala ndi mantha pochita kupendekera timizere tating'ono (kapena zinthu zina zofananira, makamaka zonyezimira komanso zong'ambika) m'munda wamphesa. Mauna otambasuka mozungulira mundawo amathandizanso.
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa mavu. Ndikofunikira kuwononga zisa monga zizipezedwa, kukonza mphesa ndi tizirombo (iyi si njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa kukonzaku kuyenera kuyimitsidwa pomwe zipatso zimacha, mavu akayamba kugwira ntchito). Njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera ku mavu ndi mbalame zonse ndikuphimba burashi iliyonse ndi thumba la nsalu yopepuka.
Kutseka tchire chilichonse ndi thumba m'munda wamphesa ndi ntchito yayikulu, koma mbewuyo singavutike!
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Ntchito yokolola ya Sofia ikuyamba kukhwima m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti komanso kum'mwera kwa Russia kumafika kukhwima mwaukadaulo kumapeto kwa zaka khumi. Brashi imayenera kudulidwa, osadulidwa, kusiya "mwendo" wa 5-6 cm.
Sofia imalekerera mayendedwe bwino chifukwa cha khungu loyera. Ndikofunika kungoyika mabuloweni mumtsuko wosaya bwino momwe mungathere kuti asagwedezeke.
Mutha kusungitsa mbewuyo kwa milungu 3-4 mufiriji kapena chipinda chodetsa. Popeza ndimasamba osiyanasiyana, Sofia ndiwofunikira bwino pakumwa watsopano komanso popanga mandimu, compote, zoumba.
Madzi a mphesa ndi imodzi mwazakumwa zabwino kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi.
Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo
Sofia, nayenso, adangobzala chaka chatha mmera wochokera ku Zagorulko. Chifukwa chake, palibe zonena. Ndingowonjezeranso kuti mbande zake kuchokera kwa iwo omwe adabzala mu kugwa (Sofia, Ivanna, Libya) ndiye abwino kwambiri tsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula paiwo kunali kutalitali, ndipo ndidawafupikitsa ndikamatera. Koma sanataye zinyalala, koma anaziyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kudula zina zonse. Ndipo mchaka cha masika (!) Pa pawindo ndinalandira mbande zina zobiriwira zingapo. Kulemekeza mtundu wa kubzala.
Vitaliy, Uzhhorod//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485
Sofia wosiyanasiyana adaperekanso zipatso ziwiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino a mitundu ya tebulo m'njira zonse. Ngakhale tchire linali litadzaza pang'ono, mpesawo unali 10-12 mm. wakucha ndi yophukira utali wonse wa ndalama. Masango adachotsedwa pomwe amakhala okhwima komanso akufunidwa pamsika. Atakhwima kwathunthu, anapeza mtundu wapinki. Masango ena amafikira 2,5 kg. kusankha, masango adayamba kuchotsedwa kuyambira pa Ogasiti 15 mpaka 30. Mzinda wa Dnepr womwe uli pa Dnieper. Palibe kutsirira. Sipadzakhala mavuto ndi kupukutira m'munda wanu wamphesa.
Gaiduk Ivan, Ukarina//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485&page=2
Chaka chatha, Sofia adandipatsa mbewu yoyamba. Ndili wokondwa kwambiri. Kukoma kwake ndi chic ndi kukhudza kwa nutmeg. Mabulosiwa ndi okulirapo nthawi 1.5 kuposa Arcadia, masango mpaka 1 kg. Vobschem katundu modabwitsa. Chaka chino, inflorescence adaponyedwa pansi koposa kawiri kokha ngati chaka chatha, ndipo ngati nyengo sinathere pa maluwa, zokolola zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri. Kufesa zipatso zomwe ndinalibe. Kuchulukana kwa masango awiri omwe akukula mwa ine kunakhala kosiyana. Chitsamba chimodzi chinapereka gulu lokongola, ndipo chinacho chaching'ono. Kusasinthika kwa zipatso ndi mayendedwe ake kuli chimodzimodzi ku Arcadia.
Vladimir Shpak, dera la Poltava//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485
Sophia ndingathenso kuwonjezera kuti masamba ake olowa m'malo amabala zipatso, mphukira zophedwa ndi chisanu m'mbali mwake, zidalowa m'malo mwa maluwa, kuphatikiza, zazikulu. Ndinapezanso zodulidwa nditabzala m'magalasi pamaluwa olowa m'malo. Kukula Kwakukulu
Roman S., Krivoy Rog//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=485
Sofia siosavuta kubereka mitundu ya mphesa. Oyamba sayenera kulima. Koma m'manja mwa wopanga vinyo wodziwa bwino, tchire zamphamvu zimabweretsa zipatso zambiri zazikulu, zolimba za buluu wokongola wa amber-pinki.
