Garlic ikhoza kukula m'njira ziwiri: kasupe ndi nyengo yozizira. Spring adyo ali ndi zakudya zambiri, ngakhale kuti clove ndi ofooka.
Odziwa munda wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti abzala mitengo iyi m'munda wawo. Pamene ndi momwe mungamere kasupe kasupe, mudzaphunzira m'nkhani yathu.
Tidzakulangizani ku mitundu yake yabwino komanso mbali zake. Tiyeni ndikuuzeni momwe mungasamalire bwino zamasamba pamabedi, momwe mungasungire ndi mavuto omwe mungakumane nawo pamene mukuwakulitsa. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana kanema yothandiza pa mutu uwu.
Ndi chiyani?
Spring adyo ndi chomera chosatha chisanu chosatha cha banja la kakombo. Lili ndi babu yooneka ngati mazira, yomwe ili ndi mafilimu angapo ouma. Bili lokha liri ndi cloves (omwe amatchedwa mbewu), amakhalanso ndi mafilimu. Garlic ali wovuta yopapatiza masamba ndi owongoka phesi.
Maluwa oyera kapena ofiirira amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescences - ambulera yomwe mababu 3 mm amakhalapo. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi fungo lapadera. Spring adyo imatchedwa kasupe adyo chifukwa imabzalidwa masika itatha.
Uwu ndiwo kusiyana koyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, yomwe yabzalidwa mu September ndi October. Mitengo ya kasupe, nambala ya mano ndi yaikulu ndipo imapangidwira mosavuta. Izi adyo alibe tsinde pakati.
Spring adyo ali ndi chitsa chofewa ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono; m'nyengo yozizira ndi kovuta komanso wandiweyani.. Mitengo yachisanu imayima chisanu -20 ° C, kasupe amakhala otsika chisanu kukana. Tinakambirana zambiri za kusiyana pakati pa nyengo yachisanu ndi adzi komanso kasupe wachidutswa m'nkhani yapadera.
Pamwamba Maphunziro
Mitundu yonse ya kasupe adyo kulima kwa lero ndi osiyana ndi zabwino kulekerera kasupe frosts. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kasupe adyo, omwe wamaluwa amakonda kukula. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Abrek;
- Kledor;
- Yelenovsky;
- Aleisky;
- Victorio;
- Yershovsky.
Taganizirani zochitika za mitundu iliyonse.
Abrek
Mu mutu umodzi wa mitundu ya Abrek, kawirikawiri mano khumi ndi awiri.zomwe zimapangidwa ndi babu wodzaza ndi galasi lolemera 30 g, umakhala ndi mamba wonyezimira. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera ndi zokometsera ku kukoma kwake.
Mitundu ya Abrek imatengedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino chifukwa cha zokolola zake zoposa 1 makilogalamu / m2 ndi yosungirako nthawi yaitali mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. M'njira zambiri, Alei garlic amadziŵika bwino chifukwa chotsutsana ndi kutentha kwakukulu kusintha.
Kledor
Nyengo za pakati pa asanu ndi awiri zosiyanasiyana Kledor ali ndi mutu wokhala ndi masentimita 5-6, omwe ali ndi mano pafupifupi 20. Zimakonzedwa muwonekedwe. Mapulogalamu a adyo oyera ndi zonona, zomangira zowonongeka, zokoma zosakaniza. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala bwino, imasungidwa ndipo imakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira: Kledor ndikumana kwambiri ndi matenda a bakiteriya ndi a fungal.
Yelenovsky
Mmene mawonekedwe a Elenovsky adyo amaonekera, amakhala ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Imalemera 30-40 g ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mapepala 25 a pinki ofunika kwambiri. Moyo wamtambo ukhoza kukhala zaka 2. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri za 1 ha - mpaka matani 3.7 a mababu.
Aleisky
Ndi bwino, Alei garlic amapereka zokolola zabwino. Mutu wandiweyani wolemera mpaka 35 g, owawa kuti alawe. Ambiri ali ndi zidutswa 19. Zimasiyanitsa chisungidwe chabwino, koma sizilimbana ndi fusarium ndi bakiteriya zowola.
Victorio
Victorio mitundu ya adyo imakhala ndi mababu oyera achikasu.. Kulemera kwake kumafikira 40 g, mkati mwake kuyambira mano 10 mpaka 13. Garlic imasungidwa bwino kwa miyezi 8. Ubwino - zokolola zazikulu ndi matenda otsutsa.
Yershovsky
Zosiyanasiyana Yershovsky ali ndizing'ono zoyera, zomwe zili ndi 18 mpaka 25 semi-lakuthwa cloves. Katolowa amadziwika bwino:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- chitetezo chachikulu cha matenda;
- dziko lonse mu ntchito.
Agrotechnics kukula: magawo ndi sitepe malangizo
Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zabwino za adyo? Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malamulo oti mukule.
Tikufika
Mitundu yamasika imabereka mano okha. Muyenera kutenga mano:
- zonse;
- lalikulu masekeli 3-6 magalamu kapena kuposa;
- zotanuka.
Mukamabzalidwa, safunikanso kukhala osakanikirana. Mukakulira mu nthaka yotseguka, sikuvomerezeka kuti mubzalidwe kuti mutenge mano kuchokera pamutu, pomwe pali 2-3 mwa iwo, adyo oterewa amaonedwa kuti ndi ochepa. Olima amaluso akulangizidwa kuti awononge mankhwala opangira njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate kapena mkuwa sulphate maola 12 musanadzalemo.
Musanabzala, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotsitsimutsidwa, kumasulidwa, kupanga mizere 3-4 masentimita akuya. Misozi imabzalidwa ndi bottoms pansi, safunika kuti ikanikizidwa. Mtunda pakati pa zitsanzo zazikulu uyenera kukhala masentimita 10, masentimita - masentimita 8. Pamwamba ndi adyo wothira nthaka, mopepuka tamped.
Madzi komanso nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kutenga udzu kapena utuchi. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito peyala, manyowa kapena manyowa. Kutalika kwa mulch wosanjikiza ndi 2-3 masentimita.
Zomwe amaluwa nthawi zina amayesera kudzala kasupe adyo ndi mababu anasonkhana ku dzinja mitundu., posankha izi ndipamwamba kwambiri. Izi zimapereka zomera zazikulu kwambiri. Pamene cheholchiki pa bulbocs ikuphwanyidwa, imakhala yosasunthika kuchoka pamabedi, imawuma. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, masamba akakhala owuma, mitu ndi mababu amachotsedwa pamtengo. Sungani kutentha kutentha.
Kwa miyezi 1-1.5 musanadzalemo, iwo amasankhidwa, atakulungidwa mu pepala, kuyika mu thumba ndi kutsukidwa mu firiji. Njirayi imatchedwa vernalization. Ngati izi sizitha kuchitika, ndiye kuti mababu aang'ono sang'onoang'ono amakula kuchokera kwa iwo.
Bungwe: Sikoyenera kulima adyo pafupi ndi anyezi, chifukwa mbewu izi zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwonera kanema za kubzala kasupe wa kasupe:
Chisamaliro
Pamene mukukula adyo kumunda, iyenera kupereka chisamaliro chofunikira.. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, namsongole achotsedwa, kuti madzi ndi zakudya zifike pamidzi mofulumira. Imwani madzi ochuluka mukamera zomera, zomwe ndizo gawo loyamba la chitukuko. Mu theka lachiwiri, nthaka ikufunika kuthirira moyenera, mwinamwake adyo idzavunda kapena kudwala. Pa tsiku litatha kuthirira kapena mvula, bedi liyenera kumasulidwa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa organic ndi mineral feteleza kumathandiza kudziunjikira zakudya zofunika ndi adyo. Pambuyo pa mphukira, feteleza feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo nthenga ikakula mpaka 6-10 masentimita, mukhoza kumera:
- diluted mullein 1:10;
- urea - 1 tbsp. l 10 malita a madzi;
- zitoliro zosakanizidwa mbalame 1:12;
- ammonium nitrate 15 magalamu pa 10 malita a madzi.
Pa chilimwe, adyo ayenera kudyetsedwa 2-4 nthawi ndi phosphate-potaziyamu feteleza.. Kuphimba mulungu wa adyo kumayambiriro kasupe kumathandiza kupanga zinthu zabwino kuti zikule ndi chitukuko. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe mulch anali kuwala.
Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu
Garlic amawoneka okoma ngati masamba ake otsika amayamba kutsetsereka pansi ndi kuuma, ndipo chapamwamba amatembenukira chikasu. Oyeretsani pakakhala youma ndi dzuwa kunja. Kukumba bwino ndi mafoloko aang'ono.
Garlic ayenera kuuma kwa masiku 10-15 pamalo apadera pansi pa denga. Musalole dzuwa ndi mvula kugwe pa izo. Nthawi yomweyo kudula masamba ndi mizu sikufunika. Chitani izi mutatha kuyanika. Pambuyo pa adyo wouma, imasankhidwa, kulekanitsa zowola.
Kukolola kugawanike kukhala adyo, yaing'ono ndi yaikulu. Zisungidwa:
mabokosi a matabwa;- matope;
- makapu makatoni;
- mapalasitiki apulasitiki.
mabokosi a matabwa;Zokolola za adyo zimadalira mtundu wosankhidwa, womwe ndi woyenera kwambiri nyengo.komanso kuchokera:
- kutsata zikhalidwe zazikulu za kukula kwa ulimi;
- kukonzekera kubzala;
- khalidwe la dziko lapansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Zikudziwika kuti zokololazo zimadalira kukula kwake kwa adyoti, ngati zosiyana zimasankhidwa bwino, zonse zomwe zimabzala ndi kusamalidwa zinkawonetsedwa, ndiye zokolola zambiri pa hekita imodzi zimatha kufika pa matani 5-15, kuchokera pa zana limodzi mpaka 50-150 makilogalamu.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwonerera kanema za kukolola ndi kusungirako kasupe wa kasupe:
Zingatheke ndi kukula
Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'malingaliro katsamba kasupe sungathe kusintha bwino kwa chilengedwe china. Choncho, akulangizidwa kuti azikula mitunduyo yomwe imasinthidwa kokha ku zochitika zapafupi.
Vuto lina ndilo kuthekera kwa matenda a fungal, choncho ndikofunikira kuchita zowononga. Zimaphatikizapo kuvala mano ndi fungicides, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino umakula.
Ndikofunikira: stem nematode ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri adyo plantings. Iyo imadyeka chifukwa chakuti nyongolotsi zimadya pa madzi ake.
Zonse za matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga onse munda wamunda, nyengo ya adyo imayambira matenda osiyanasiyana.. Ambiri ndi awa:
- khosi kuvunda;
- chithandizo;
- nkhungu yobiriwira;
- chikasu chakuda.
Wothandizira khansa ya chiberekero mumphuno ya mutu umalowa mkati mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zopweteka. Mwamsanga, matendawa sali oonekera, zizindikiro zimawonekera kumayambiriro kwa yosungirako, nthawi zambiri mu September. Njira zolimbana ndi matendawa ndizoti asanakhalepo adyo ayenera kuuma padzuwa. Pamene kudula mutu, onetsetsani kuti mutuluka khosi la masentimita 3-6.
Bacteriosis imapezanso nthawi yosungirako.. Mitu ya zilonda imasonyeza zithunzithunzi kapena zilonda zomwe zimachokera pansi. Mababu amapeza mtundu wachikasu ngale. Chifukwa chake chikhoza kuphwanya zosungiramo zosungirako kapena kusakonzekera kwa adyo musanadzalemo.
Mpweya wobiriwira wobiriwira womwe umakhala wofewa. Zidakulungidwa koyamba ndi zoyera ndikukhala ndi maluwa obiriwira.
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha chikasu chachilendo - masamba ndi zomera zowonongeka zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu. Garlic amawoneka ochepa kwambiri. Amanyamula matendawa kwa aphid.
Garlic ikhoza kuonongeka ndi tizirombo monga:
- mapiko a anyezi;
- nematodes;
- chithandizo;
- kachilomboka ka anyezi.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana nawo.
Kutsiliza
Popeza pali mitundu yambiri ya kasupe wa kasupe, m'pofunikira kusankha malinga ndi nyengo, malo, zochitika za chiwembu ndi nthaka. Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti asakhale ndi mitundu yokha ya 1-2.. Ndi bwino kubzala angapo m'munda mwanu, ndiyeno pewani zosiyanasiyana zomwe mumakonda.
