Gawo la pakati pa mitsinje Don ndi Kuban nthawi zambiri limatchedwa "Chipata cha Caucasus". M'mphepete mwa Don, monga ku Caucasus, mphesa zinakula kwa zaka zambiri.
Ntchito ya anthu a kuderalo ku Russia inadalitsidwa ndi Peter I, koma dera limeneli linakhala pakati pa viticulture m'zaka za m'ma 3000, pamene malondawa anaikidwa pazitsulo zamakampani, ndipo chitukukocho chinasinthidwa ku sayansi.
Kupitiriza kwa mzera
Bungwe lofufuzira linapangidwa kuti likulitse chigawo cha mbeu yosabala zipatso zomwe si zachilendo kwa dziko lathu - mphesa.
Krasokhina Svetlana Ivanovna
Cholinga chabwino cha asayansi chimawonekera - kukwezedwa kwa chikhalidwe ichi kumpoto komanso kulengedwa kwa mafakitale apamwamba a winemaking.
Masamba ndi malo odyetserako zofukufuku anaonekera m'madera ena, mgwirizano wa bizinesi ndi mafakitale a sayansi ndi a sayansi ku Ulaya anagwirizanitsa ndi mgwirizano. Masukulu 200 ochita kafukufuku adagwirizanitsa ndi njira yowonongeka ndi kusintha kwa mitundu ya "mabulosi a dzuwa".
Pakati pa gulu lachilengedwe, makamaka lachimuna, ntchito yosankha yokongola, akadakali wamng'ono - Svetlana Ivanovna Krasokhina, woimirira wa mafumu onse a omwa vinyo, adadziwika. Tsopano mphesa Krasokhina S.I. imakhala malo otsogolera pakudziwika.
M'nkhani ya Svetlana Ivanovna:
- mlingo wa horticulture ndi viticulture;
- 85 kusindikiza ntchito;
- udindo wa kafukufuku wotsogolera;
- Zobvomerezeka 3 zopangira zokhudzana ndi mphesa za mphesa;
- Zopereka 4 zovomerezeka za mitundu zinalowa mu Register;
- Kulemba nawo potsata mitundu 6 yatsopano (kudya ndi luso);
- kuvomereza mitundu 150 ya mphesa;
- Malangizo othandizira pa webusaitiyi.
Chidwi chake chokhala ndi mbewu zopanda mbewu ndi zowonjezera m'mitundu yosiyana siyana ya chikhalidwe chodabwitsa monga mphesa, gulu lonse, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa "mphesa za Krasokhina."
"Krasokhina zosiyanasiyana"
Kodi ndi mitundu yanji ya mphesa yomwe imatanthauza pamene mukuyankhula za "Krasokhina sukulu"? Izi ndizofunika kwambiri, nyengo yozizira ndi yochepa yomwe imapatsa mitundu yambiri ya mbeu ndi kuchepa kwa mbewu ndi nutmeg, komanso mitundu yofiira yapamwamba yopangira zakumwa zofewa, vinyo wonyezimira ndi kuyanika.
Gulu loyamba likuphatikizapo: Talisman, Alex, Zolotinka (Galbena know) ndi Balkanovsky.
Kwa wachiwiri - Platovsky ndi Muscat Crystal (udindo wogwira ntchito).
Mu chitukuko ndi "Cloud Cloud", "Refrigerator", "Giant".
Atafunsidwa za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kukula kwa viticulture, Krasokhina nthawi zonse anayankha kuti: "Chochititsa chidwi ndi njira yoyenera yaulimi komanso kuleza mtima kwa wobereketsa."
Malongosoledwe ndi maonekedwe
Ng'ombe Yamphesa
"Chithumwa" ("Kesha 1") ndi mphesa yotchuka ya mphesa zoyera zomwe zimatchulidwa makhalidwe abwino (8 mfundo).
Wodziwika ndi:
- kukula kwa zipatso ndi dzanja (mpaka 2 kg);
- okonzekera fruiting mu chaka chachiwiri atabwera pansi;
- masiku okalamba - mochedwa;
- kuchuluka kwa maburashi kungathe kulemetsa chitsamba - kumafunika kuwerengedwa;
- Kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikumana ndi matenda ndi kukana kuzizira (mpaka -25 ° C).
Mitundu ya tebulo yoyera imaphatikizaponso White Delight, Novocherkassk Amethyst ndi Anthony Wamkulu.
Pofuna kusintha maonekedwe a zosiyanasiyana, wolemba amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chomera cha agrofon chapamwamba ndi kusintha kwa ulimi wothirira, kudya moyenera, kuwonjezera pollination ndi kuvomereza ovary.
Zosavuta kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa "Chithumwa" chingapezeke mu chithunzi:
Alex mphesa
Mitengo ya mphesa "Alex" (VI -3-3-8) ndi tebulo zosiyanasiyana zoyamba mphesa zoyera (masiku 115). Madera a kulima - Mzinda ndi South wa Russia, Far East. Makolo: Mphesa ya Moldova Biruintsa ndi Delight.
Wodziwika ndi:
- monga chomera champhamvu ndi kukula msinkhu;
- mawonekedwe a chitsamba;
- masamba ali obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mbali ziwiri zamitundu yosiyana, pubescent pang'ono, ndi jagged m'mphepete;
- Fruiting mphukira zazing'ono zikufanana ndi 70%;
- Masango a zipatso amatha kupitirira (masentimita 35), olemera (kufika pa 1 makilogalamu);
- Zipatso ndi zazikulu, mtundu wofiira ndi golide wamtengo wapatali pa dzuwa;
- khungu ndi lolemera koma zotanuka;
- zolaula - 8.2;
- wosakanizidwa akhoza kudziimira yekha kutchula ma thumba losunga mazira;
- mutatha kukolola, ndondomeko yowonjezera shuga imapitirizabe mu chipatso;
- kutsika kwachangu kutentha - mpaka -25 ° C;
- Kulimbana ndi matenda akuluakulu a mphesa (mpaka mapa 3.5) kuphatikizapo phylloxera;
- Zokwanira zogulitsa ndi kutumiza katundu.
Kukaniza matenda kungadzitamandire Augustine, Liang ndi Levokumsky.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kumtunda, koma zimalolera kubzala m'madera otsika.
Onani zithunzi za mitundu ya mphesa "Alex" pansipa:
Zolotinka mphesa
"Zolotinka" ("Galbena know", "Yellow New") ndi tebulo lokulitsa lamphamvu lomwe limatulutsa mphesa zoyera ndi nyengo yoyambirira yakucha (masiku 105).
Makolo: Mphesa Zokongola za Moldavia White ndi mitundu yopanda mbewu Korina Russian, ndi zopanga zapamwamba zozizira zozizira.
Wodziwika ndi:
- zambiri fruiting ya mphukira achinyamata mpaka 85%;
- oyambirira kulowa mu fruiting mutabzala pansi (zaka 2-3);
- lalikulu, nthambi, bulawuni pang'ono mpaka 700 magalamu. kulemera;
- zipatso za mtundu wa amber woyera, zazikulu (8gr) ndi kuzungulira;
- shuga wokhutira madzi 24%;
- Nthenda yamtengo wapatali imayambitsa mapewa okoma 8;
- ali ndi khalidwe lofunika lachilengedwe chonse;
- rooting cuttings kwambiri;
- Kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya a putrefactive ndi otsika (mpaka mpaka -27 ° C) kutentha.
Shuga yapamwamba imakhudzanso Aladdin, Delight White ndi King Ruby.
Chizoloŵezi chothandizira kuti nthambi izigwiritsidwe ntchito mwakhama kumafuna kupanga masentimita makumi anayi (40 cm) kumtunda kwa mphukira) m'zaka zoyambirira za chitsamba.
Kuwonekera kwa mphesa "Zolotinka" pa chithunzi:
Mphesa Baklanovsky
"Baklanovsky" ("Chisangalalo chapachiyambi", "Kondwerani oval", "Oval") - tebulo mphesa zoyera mphesa. Kukhalitsa nthawi ndi masiku 115 okha.
Banja lachiwiri: Zokoma mphesa ndi zokongoletsa kwambiri Chiyukireniya mitundu Yoyamba.
Wodziwika ndi:
- chisangalalo;
- chipatso cha mphukira za chaka choyamba cha moyo mpaka 85%;
- zokolola - 120z / ha;
- mphesa zimakhala zosaoneka bwino, sizinenepa kwambiri, zolemera kwambiri (mpaka 2 kg);
- zipatso zimapangidwira, ndi tani ndi minofu yowuma;
- kulawa kosangalatsa, shuga komanso shuga;
- Opaleshoni yabwino - ndi 2-4 masamba otsalira;
- Pambuyo pa kusasitsa, pangakhale miyezi 1.5 pa tchire popanda kuwonongeka kwa malonda;
- ntchito ngati katundu;
- zoyenera kuyenda;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda aakulu a chikhalidwe (osatetezeka phylloxera);
Kulima kwachitsulo ndi Arched, Gurzuf Pink ndi Red Delight.
Onani zithunzi za mphesa "Baklanovsky" mopitirira:
Mphesa Platovsky
Mitengo ya mphesa ya "Platovskiy" ("Early Dawn") ndi mphesa zamakono (zonse) zomwe zimadziwika ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri (masiku 110 okha).
Zina mwazinthu zamakono zikuimira Bianka, Levokumsky ndi Krasa Beam.
Chigawo chogawidwa: Pakati ndi South ya Russia, Siberia, Kum'maŵa akutali. Makolo: Wosakanizidwa wa Crimea Present Magaracha ndi "Zelendande" ("Hall denda").
Wodziwika ndi:
- zosiyana ndi chisanu (mpaka 30 ° C);
- mphamvu zochepa;
- chivundikiro cha tsamba lakuda;
- Kuwonetsa chipatso kumakhala kosavuta: zipatsozo ndizochepa (mpaka 2 magalamu), maburashi akuluakulu ndi ofooka (mpaka 200g);
- zipatso zokongola za rozovinkoy ndi khungu lofewa;
- zokoma - 8.4;
- mbewu zonse, maluwa amodzi;
- ali ndi shuga wokwanira 20%, omwe amachititsa kukoma kwa zipatso kukhala kosangalatsa ndi kukhalapo kwa nutmeg;
- chipatso cha kukula kwatsopano kwa 85%;
- zosiyanasiyana;
- mu zipatso, kusungunula shuga kumapitirira kumapeto kwa nyengo yakucha;
- zosavuta kusamalira, zowoneka mwa kuswana, kukula kwakukulu;
- Kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya a putrefactive.
Pofuna kukonza fruiting ndi zokolola za zosiyanasiyana, m'pofunika kukonza ndi kuchotsa mphukira yopanda chitukuko m'nthawi yake.
Ndiye inu mukhoza kuwona mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa "Platovsky":
Muscat Pridonsky mphesa
"Muscat Pridonsky" ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamphesa wokolola.
Mayi Wachiwiri: Wotchuka wa vinyo wa ku Ulaya "Orion" (dera logawidwa - Germany ndi United Kingdom) ndi dziko lonse la hybrid Friendship (Russia).
Wodziwika ndi:
- kukula kwa mbewu;
- chipatso chokwanira (mpaka 95%) cha chaka choyamba chikuwombera;
- maluwa amodzi;
- kapangidwe kakang'ono ka cylindrical brush mawonekedwe (250g);
- zipatso zosakanikika zonunkhira zopangidwa ndi khungu lopangidwa ndi shuga zokwanira winemaking (20%);
- chitetezo cha matenda akuluakulu a chikhalidwe ndi kulekerera phylloxera;
- kulekerera kutentha kutsika mpaka 27 ° C (popanda malo ena okhala);
- ali ndi mapiritsi okoma monga vinyo wowonjezera - 8.6; yonyezimira - 9.4.
Kunyumba ya vinyo - Europe, ngakhale kuti amapanga mphesa za mphesa pa makontinenti onse. Mphesa zambiri ndi zoyera. Choncho, zipangizo zopangira vinyo woyera zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri.
Onani maonekedwe a mphesa "Muscat Pridonsky" mu chithunzi pansipa:
Crystal Muscat Mphesa
Crystal Muscat (9-2-pk) ndiwatsopano wodalitsira mphesa zosiyanasiyana zoyera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mofulumira komanso ngati zopangira pa winemaking.
Banja lachiwiri: Talisman ndi Muscat Kukondwera. Zimamveka bwino m'madera onse omwe dzuwa limakhala lozizira komanso osati loopsa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Wodziwika ndi:
- kuphulika kosalekeza (kumayambiriro kwa August);
- maluwa ndi abambo;
- Zipatso zimasonkhanitsidwa mu burashi wa sing'anga (mpaka 1000g);
- zipatso za amber, zazikulu kwambiri (6gr);
- zamkati ndi zowutsa, zokometsera, ndi zonunkhira zonunkhira;
- zolawa zokoma - 8.6 mfundo;
- shuga zokwanira 20%, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso mu winemaking;
- Zokolola ndizazitali kwambiri, kuyamwa kwa mazira ochuluka ndikofunikira;
- popanda pogona, imasintha kutentha kwa -25 ° C;
- Osakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu yakuda, koma kukana matenda ena kumayesedwabe;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo wowonjezera ndi vinyo wonyezimira.
Muscat monga mitundu ya mphesa ndi wamkulu kuposa Rome. Iye ali lero gawo lalikulu la kuswana. Ambiri otchuka: zakudya zoyera, pinki, Hungary, Hamburg, wakuda.
Onani zithunzi za mphesa "Crystal Muscat":
Zochita
Pakalipano, ntchito yobereketsa, yomwe imachitidwa ndi S.I. Krasokhina, ikufuna kuti:
- kulengedwa kwa tebulo zitsanzo zopanda mbeu;
- kuphatikiza tebulo makhalidwe a mphesa ndi chisanu kukana;
- kulengedwa kwa mitundu ya tebulo ndi nyengo yochepa yokula;
- fufuzani zokolola zowonongeka za mawiri awiriwa;
- kufufuza njira zowonongeka kwa masitolo odziwika otchuka m'mikhalidwe ya kum'mwera kwa Russia;
- kulengedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe siidakonzedwe panthawi yokolola;
- Mitundu yofiira yapamwamba yomwe imakhala yosiyana ndi yolima ku Pridonie;
- kulengedwa kwa mitundu yatsopano (kusinthidwa kwa kale kale) ndi kukana mliri wa mpesa - phylloxera.
Amakhalabe kuyembekezera zatsopano za mphesa kuchokera kwa wasayansi breeder.
