Mapeyala a Zima: mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe osamalidwa

Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mapeyala atsopano osati m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, komanso nthawi yozizira, dzalani mitundu yawo yozizira patsamba lanu. Omwe alimi ambiri sazindikira mitundu yaposachedwa, koma mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, zipatso sizikhala zolimba ndi zopanda pake, monga nthawi yokolola. Ikasungidwa moyenera, imakhala yosalala, yofungooka komanso yotsekemera.

Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe apadera a mapeyala a chisanu

Mitengo ya peyala yakhala ikufunidwa nthawi zonse ndi olima mitengo kuposa mitengo ya maapulo, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukana kwawo chisanu. Koma chifukwa cha kulimbikira kwa obereketsa masiku ano pali mitundu yomwe imatha kuzizira pakati pa Russia. Tsopano mapeyala amabzala kulikonse.

Ubwino wopanda mitundu ya zipatso za peyala yozizira ndi:

• alumali moyo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;
• kukana chisanu kwa mitengo ya peyala;
• kukoma kosangalatsa ndi kununkhira kwa zipatso mutacha;
• kusungidwa bwino kwazipatso, ndikupangitsa kuti zizitha kupita nazo kutali;
• kuthekera kwa kukonza ndi kusunga zakudya zamzitini.

Mitundu yakale pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono imataya mtengo wawo wopanga. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo yozizira ya Bere Michurina, yotetezedwa ndi wobzala wotchuka, imangosungidwa m'minda yakale yokha, iyo siyiberekanso ndi nazale.

Mitundu yatsopano yamapichesi amachedwa imakhala ndimikhalidwe yapamwamba kwambiri. Mapeyala amakhala ndi anti-sclerosis ndi diuretic kwenikweni, amalimbitsa makoma a capillary. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi michere yambiri yamtengo wapatali, ma tannins, kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini.

Mapeyala akucha kwambiri ali ndi zinthu 307% zowuma, shuga 7.05%, asidi 0,12%, 3,3 mg / 100 g ascorbic acid.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa 3. A. Sedova ndi 3. F. Osinova

//bibliotekar.ru/grusha/4.htm

Komanso, mtundu uliwonse wa peyala yozizira umakhala ndi zake.

Oyimira akuluakulu amitundu yozizira

Mapeyala a kucha mochedwa pamaziko a katundu monga alumali moyo amagawika m'magulu atatu:

• yoyambira yozizira - yosungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena mufiriji mpaka tchuthi cha Khrisimasi;
• nyengo yachisanu - igona posungira mpaka kumayambiriro kwamasika;
• Nthawi yozizira (Tikhonovka, Emerald, Zest ya Crimea, Maria, Dekanka yozizira, ndi zina) - pansi pazoyenera, amatha kupulumuka mpaka tchuthi cha Meyi Day.

Mitundu yoyambira yozizira yakhala ikubala mbewu kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Zipatso zololedwa zimasungidwa mpaka mozungulira Chaka Chatsopano. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mu chakudya palibe kale Novembala, pokhapokha zipatso zimatha kupeza maswiti ndi fungo.

Chiritsani

Pa nthambi zofalikira za mtengo wamtunduwu zimabala zipatso zomwe zikupezeka palokha, kulemera kwake, ndi magalamu 180 - 200. Kutsegulidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Ngakhale kuti azioneka obiriwira, ayenera kusankhidwa.

Ndikwabwino kusakatula mapeyala ku mtengo wamtundu wina wa Kure atangopereka chiphuphu chofowoka

Muku kucha, zipatsozo zimasanduka chikaso ndikuchepa, koma izi sizichitika kale kuposa masabata atatu. Moyo wa alumali ndi miyezi iwiri yokha. Mapeyala ochiritsa amakhala ndi zokolola zabwino - pachimake pa chitukuko chawo, mtengo wa peyala umabweretsa makilogalamu mazana atatu pachaka. Komabe, mbewu iyi idzafunika kutenthetsa kwambiri nthawi yotentha.

Chizhovskaya

Mitunduyi idasankhidwa ku K.A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, yophatikizidwa ndi State Record mu 1993. Korona wa mtengo wapakatikati, zipatso sizikulu kwambiri - pafupifupi 110 magalamu. Kucha kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Mtunduwo ndiwobiliwira, tating'ono tating'ono, utakhwima, timatamba tachikasu, timaso tatifupi.

Chizhovskaya osiyanasiyana ali ndi zipatso zolimba, amagonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo komanso nyengo zoyipa

Zolinga zosiyanasiyana zakumwamba. Mphamvu zamkati wa kucha zamtundu wa Chizhovskaya ndizopatsa zipatso, zamafuta pang'ono, komanso acidity. Kutentha pafupifupi zero, zipatso za mapeyala amenewa zimatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi inayi. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kukana matenda ndi zokolola pachaka, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina. Komanso mitengo ya peyala zamtunduwu imakhala ndi chisanu chabwino.

Novembala

Zosiyanasiyana zidaphatikizidwa mu State Register mu 1974. Zipatso za mitundu ya Noyabrskaya zimakhala zazing'ono, zazitali pafupifupi 70 magalamu, zokulirapo pang'ono. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono. Zipatso zimakololedwa pamtengo kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala; kucha kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa Disembala. Kugwiritsa ntchito zamkati ndiwotsekemera kwambiri, wokoma, wopanda acidity.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo tinatenga zidebe zazikulu zitatu zamapira a Noyabrskaya osiyanasiyana. Tidasankha kuti tisawakonzenso munjira iliyonse, koma yesani kuwasungira nthawi yozizira. M'chipinda chapamwamba (kwinakwake mozungulira +3 C), amagona kwa milungu ingapo. Podziwa kuti kukhwima kwa ogula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumayamba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Disembala, m'masiku oyamba adapeza zidutswa zingapo. Atayesera, adazindikira kuti nthawi yawo inali isanafike. Atakhumudwa, amaiwala zaiwo mpaka masiku omaliza a Disembala. Ndipo atangofika patebulo la Chaka Chatsopano, adazindikira kuti kulawa kwenikweni kwa mapeyala a chisanu ndi chiyani. Ndikukutsimikizirani, koposa zonse, kukoma kwawo ndi kununkhira kwake kumawululidwa kokha m'masiku omaliza a chaka!

Zipatso za Noyabrskaya ndi zipatso, zokoma komanso zabwino zipatso, jamu, kupanikizana ndi zouma

Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kuyendera ndi kuyenda kwakanthawi. Kukanani ndi matenda opatsirana ndi nkhanambo. Zabzala ndizambiri, koma osati yunifolomu - chaka chotsatira, mutakolola bwino, mtengowo ungapume.

Chigawo wamba cha mitundu yamapira nthawi yachisanu, chomwe chimatchedwa: "yozizira", chimasiyanasiyana chifukwa mitundu yake imasungidwa mpaka Marichi.

Zima Kyrgyz

Choberekera ku Kyrgyzstan, koma choyenera zigawo zomwe zili ndi zovuta. Mitengo yamtali wamtunduwu wapakatikati, imakhala korona wa mawonekedwe a piramidi, imadziwika ndi kulumikizidwa kwambiri kwa zipatso kunthambi. Chifukwa chake, kucha, mapeyala ochokera panthambi samagwa. Zipatso zimafika 200-250 magalamu. Ikutenga mu Okutobala, pomwe utoto wawo umakhala wa pinki.

Zipatso za mitundu yozizira ya Kyrgyz zimasungidwa bwino mikhalidwe ya firiji yanyumba wamba ngakhale mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Epulo

Pakatha milungu ingapo yakucha, amakhala malalanje wofiyira. Pang'ono pang'ono, mokoma. Guwa ndi lopepuka, lamtunda, lopindika.

Zosiyanasiyana zimasungidwa m'matumba mpaka masika. Chodabwitsa chake chagona mawonekedwe ake okongola. Chifukwa chake, mapeyala a Kiggyz nthawi yachisanu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozisaka.

Lossoshanskaya Late

Chobereredwa ku Rossoshanskaya poyesa kulima. Zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana sizikhala zazitali kwambiri, zazikulu, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu 300 kapena kuposerapo. Mtundu pakukolola ndiwobiliwira, pamapeto pake chikasu chachikasu ndimaso amdima wakuda.

Zipatso za ma Rossoshanskaya malemu osiyanasiyana nthawi zina amatha kufikira 400 ngakhale 500 magalamu a kulemera

Guwa lazipatso zakupsa ndizokoma, yowutsa mudyo, oyera chikasu, ndi fungo lamphamvu. Sonkhanitsani mapeyala kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Sungani mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware.

Amadziwika kuti kuzizira pang'ono kumapeto kwa Rossoshanskaya mitundu kumadziwika pokhapokha -32 ° C.

Kupanga ndi pafupifupi. Mtengo woposa zaka 5 nthawi zambiri umapatsa 30 kg wa zipatso panthawi imodzi. Zosiyanasiyana: zokolola muzaka zosiyanasiyana sizofanana.

Kuban mochedwa

Uwu ndi mtengo wapakatikati ndi korona wamkati. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimawonetsedwa ngati zolimbikitsa m'minda yamafakitale ndi masewera. Zipatso zake ndizapakatikati - pafupifupi magalamu 150, wowonda peyala wooneka bwino. Utoto pa nthawi yakututa - kumapeto kwa Seputembala - ndi kobiriwira, ndipo sipawoneka zipatso. Pambuyo masabata angapo wakucha, zipatso zimasanduka chikaso. Thupi lawo limakhala lotsekemera, lamafuta pang'ono ndiwofatsa. Fungo limafotokozedwa bwino, kukoma kwake ndi kokoma komanso wowawasa. Mitundu ya Kuban mochedwa imasungidwa mpaka pakati pa Januware.

Mitengo yozizira kwambiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yayitali yosungirako. Mitundu iyi imatha kukhalako mpaka Meyi, osataya kukoma kwawo. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mapeyala amtunduwu amatha kusungidwa kwa milungu iwiri firiji musanadye.

Emerald

Mitengo yamitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi korona wopindika. Amafuna kutentha kwambiri kwa chilimwe, koma amakumananso ndi nyengo yozizira. Zipatso zimakololedwa mu Okutobala. Mapeyala ndi akulu kwambiri, amafika 300 g. Pambuyo pakucha kwathunthu, amapeza mtundu wachikaso wokhala ndi blimson. Guwa ndi loyera ndipo, ngakhale limasungidwa nthawi yayitali, limadzaza kwambiri.

Zipatso za peyala ya Emerald ndizazungulira, ndizokhala ndi wandiweyani, ndizopatsa zipatso kwambiri

Chosiyanitsa ndizachuma chokhazikika pachaka. Ubwino wina ndikuti zipatso zokhwima sizimagwa mumtengowo ngakhale mphepo ikuwomba.

Tikhonovka

Mtengo wautali wapakatiwo umapatsa zipatso zambiri zazing'onoting'ono zolemera 50-80 g., Zolimba, zachikasu. Kukolola mpaka kuphukira.

Mapeyala a Tikhonovka ndi ochepa, koma ambiri amakula panthambi

M'nyengo yozizira, amatembenuka chikasu, thupi limakhalabe louma, koma limawonekera. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimadyedwa mwatsopano mpaka pakati pa Meyi.

Omwe akuimira mitundu ya dzinja m'malo osiyanasiyana

Mukamasankha mtundu wa peyala pamunda wanu, muyenera kuganizira kuti si onse omwe angakwaniritse nyengo yanu yabwino. Obereketsa amalimbikitsa dera lililonse lokha mitundu yomwe ingafanane ndi nyengo yamderali.

Mapeyala a dzinja kumwera kwa Russia

Late Kuban - yozizira-Hardy, akuyamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi mutabzala. Zokolola za pachaka ndizofanana. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi nkhanambo. Zipatso zolemera mpaka magalamu 170, chikasu, ndi bulashi. Mapeyala ogwiritsa ntchito paliponse. Chodabwitsa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi fungo lamphamvu lonunkhira.

Madzulo Leninakan ndi nyengo yozizira, imayamba kuzizira kokha -30 ° C. Zipatso zaka 5 mutabzala. Kukula kwakapakati zipatso ndi 200 g, zazikulu zimafikira 400 g. Mtundu pa nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndiwobiliwira, mutatha kufikira kukhwima kwa ogula, lalanje. Guwa ndi loyera, pang'ono mafuta, lalitali kwambiri. Ikusungidwa mpaka mwezi wa February. Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikukhwima koyambirira komanso mtundu wabwino wazamalonda wazipatso.

Tidakula mapeyala a Leninakanskaya nyengo yam'mwera kwa Russia. Mu zaka zotentha kwambiri, kuthirira komanso kudyetsa manyowa, kulemera kwa zipatsozo kunafika 380-410 g Koma m'munda wapafupiwo, powonekera, anali okulirapo. Oyandikana nawo akuti adalemedwa, ndipo peyala imodzi idakula mpaka magalamu 550. Zowona, sindinaziwona izi ndi maso anga.

Cheremshina ndi mitundu yozizira kwambiri, zipatso zake zimakhala zachikasu, zobiriwira pakati - pafupifupi 200 magalamu. Chipatsochi chimakololedwa mu Okutobala, kutentha firiji, mapeyala amasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala, chapansi mpaka masika. Chodabwitsa cha mitunduyo ndi kakomedwe kake kofatsa, kosungunuka ndi zipatso.

Mapeyala a Zima ku Ukraine

Parisian - -akulakula, wokhala ndi korona. Zipatso ndi chinangwa cha azitona, chokhwima ndi blush. Kapangidwe ka mapeyalawo ndi kutalika, kulemera - pafupifupi magalamu zana limodzi. Kukolola kwa zaka 8-10 mutabzala kumatha kufika 100 makilogalamu pa mtengo uliwonse. Zipatso zimasungidwa kutengera kutentha mpaka Januware kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mitunduyi ndiyodzilimbitsa, chifukwa kuipukuta kumafunikira mitundu Pestra Julayi, Josephine, Llementer.

Mliyevskaya yozizira ndi mitundu yosagwira kwambiri nyengo yozizira, yolimbana ndi matenda a nkhanambo. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati, kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 200 magalamu, pang'ono pang'ono, pang'onopang'ono ndi mawonekedwe. Guwa limakhala lotsekemera, lokhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono, zamadzimadzi komanso zotsekemera. Zasungidwa bwino bwino pansi mpaka Epulo. Chochititsa chidwi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mtengo wamtali wokulirapo wokhala ndi korona yodziwika bwino; palibenso mitengo ina yomwe ili pafupi nayo.

Artyomovskaya yozizira - mtengo wokhala ndi korona wachilendo wa piramidi ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri kuyambira 170 mpaka 350. Panthawi yakuchotsa kukhwima, khungu limakhala lobiriwira ndi malo owola, kenako limakhala losalala. Mnofu ndi wonona, wowonda, wokoma, koma fungo ndilofooka.
Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa nkhanambo ngati zikuchitika, ndiye pamlingo wochepa kwambiri. Zojambula zamtunduwu: kuti kukhazikika kukhazikike, korona amafunika kuti apangidwe, pomwe akudulira mwamphamvu akadali aang'ono, mitengoyo siyolekeredwa bwino.

Panthawi yokolola, mapeyala amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Artyomovskaya amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi malo owola, komabe, zipatso zakupsa zimayamba kukhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri

Mapeyala ozizira a dera la Volgograd

Kusungunula ndi mitundu yomwe imacha mochedwa, chifukwa chake imaphatikizidwa ndi gulu la chisanu. Zomera zoyambirira zimapereka mchaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi, zimabala zipatso pachaka. Zipatso zikakolola zimafikira magalamu 400 a kulemera. Amasunga ulaliki wawo wabwino kufikira nthawi ya masika. Mtundu wa Thawing umagwirizana ndi matenda monga khansa yakuda ndi nkhanambo. Zojambula zamtunduwu: Kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, chifukwa komwe kumafalitsidwira kwambiri m'dera la Volgograd, ngakhale kuli kozizira pang'ono.

Malyaevskaya mochedwa - mtengo wochepa, wosagwira chisanu ukuyamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi. Zachuma m'dera Lower Volga ndizachaka komanso zokwezeka. Mtengo umodzi umakonda kupatsa 50 makilogalamu zipatso zolemera mpaka magalamu 150. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi nkhanambo. Zipatso za tebulo, zimakhala ndi thupi lamafuta owoneka oyera, okoma ndi wowawasa, kukoma pang'ono pang'ono ndi kununkhira. Zipatso zatsopano za Malyaevskaya omaliza zimasungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri yokha.

Zosiyanasiyana Malyaevskaya mochedwa - kusankha mayiko, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga m'dera Lower Volga, yozizira kwambiri

Kulonjeza kudera lino kumatha kutchedwa, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo yozizira Malvina, Samara mochedwa, etc.

Mapeyala achisanu nthawi yayitali m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia

Chakumapeto Chi Belarusi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana imabala zipatso kwa zaka 3-4, imapereka zipatso pafupifupi 100. Mawonekedwe akewo amakhala amtundu, utoto umasiyanasiyana kutengera kusasitsa - kuchokera wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawanga akuda, kutuwa ndi chikasu. Tsoka ilo, mitengo ya peyala yamtundu wa Belorussia Late siigwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo. Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi monga zipatso zoyambilira, chisanu ndi kulekerera chilala.

Peyala ya Kokinskaya - mawonekedwe a korona wa mtengo wamtunduwu ndi piramidi. Zokolola zimayamba kupatsa kale mchaka chachinayi mutabzala. Mitengo yokhwima imatulutsa zipatso mpaka 100 makilogalamu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizazizira-Hardy, kuzizira koopsa, masamba amatha kuwuma, koma mtengo womwewo sufa. Chowoneka mosiyanitsa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kukana matenda ngati amenewa, chifukwa nkhanambo imangogwira chipatso.

Wamaluwa ku Central Russia, ngakhalenso ma Urals, atha kulimbikitsidwa mitundu Moscow mochedwa, Chelyabinsk nyengo yachisanu, dzinja Yachisanu, Zima Glazkova. Izi ndi mitundu yolemetsa kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yozizira ya Chelyabinsk imapulumuka madigiri 37. Ndipo Zima Glazkova imatha kupirira madigiri makumi anai, pomwe, mapeyala onse amachedwa, imasungidwa bwino ndipo imakhala ndi lingaliro lakumakumbukira kwa ma Duchess otchuka.

Mitundu yozizira ya Chelyabinsk ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosagwira kwambiri chisanu

Zambiri zodzala mapeyala

Mutha kubzala peyala mu kasupe komanso nthawi yophukira. Koma alimi ambiri amakonda kuchita izi mozizira, koyambilira kwa Okutobala, munthawi yochepetsera kayendedwe ka madzi mu mbewu.

M'malo mwake, kuli ndi kulongosola koyenera kwa izi: chowonadi ndikuti pakugwa kumakhalabe kutentha kwaphatikizanso, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mmera wachichepere uzikula. Tinabzala mitengo ya peyala mobwerezabwereza pakati pa Okutobala, ndipo nthawi iliyonse zomwe tikuyembekezera zikwaniritsidwa. Pafupifupi Novembala, kudali kotentha, ndipo nthawi iyi mbewu zidapereka mizu yambiri yatsopano. Izi zidathandiza mapeyala achinyamatawa kukonzekera molimba mtima nthawi yozizira. Ndipo ndikuyamba kwa kukula kwa masika, mizu yokonzeka yopanga idapeza mphamvu mumitengo yaying'ono.

Kukonzekera kwa tsamba

Pobzala mtengo wa peyala, malo atali, owoneka bwino kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa tsamba lanu ndibwino. Dothi labwino kwambiri la mbewuyi ndi dothi lakuda, kapena imvi, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono.

Mukakonzekera malo a peyala, kumbukirani kuti mizu ya mtengo wachikulire itha kutsika mpaka mamita 7-8.

Kusankha mbande

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugula zinthu zodzala m'zipinda zapadera zapamwamba. Koma, ngati mumayesabe kugula mtengo wamsika pamsika, kapena kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo m'maluwa, pendani bwino. Mu mmera wathanzi ndi losavomerezeka:

• mizu yoola;
• mbali mizu kuyanika m'malo;
• thunthu louma, losasunthika.

Ndikofunika kupenda mtengo womwe udagulidwa pamsika musanabzale, yesani kupindika mizu ndi thunthu

Pazifukwa zina mutakhala kuti munauma mwamphamvu, yesetsani kuwapulumutsa mwakuwaponya m'madzi usiku. Zotheka kuti m'mawa wotsatira adzakhalanso ndi moyo komanso kukhala wolimba mtima.

Tikukula gawo lililonse

Ngati nthaka m'munda ili pafupi bwino ndi peyala, dzenje lobzala lingakhale laling'ono - ndikwanira mizu ya mmera. Koma ngati mukungoyala gawo lokhala ndi chonde, ndikumwaza dothi, ndiye kuti dzenjilo liyenera kukhala lakuya - kuchokera 80 cm mpaka mita. Kukula kumafunikira pafupifupi 75 ndi 75 cm.

Kupitilira apo ndikofunikira kuchita luso lokhazikika.

Gawo 1

Kuti mukonze zosakaniza zadothi kuti mudzaze dzenje, mufunika:

• kompositi, manyowa owola kapena peat - 35 kg .;
• superphosphate - 1,3 kg;
• laimu - 1,3 kg;
• potaziyamu mankhwala enaake - 150 gr.

Thirani osakaniza wokhathamira wosanjikiza ndikumapanga phiri pakati pa dzenje

Thirani ndendende theka la zosakaniza zomalizidwa mu dzenje, mutayika poyambirapo. Kenako yikani msomali m'tchombo. Iyenera kukhala theka la mita pamwamba pa nthaka.

Gawo 2

Viyikani mizu ya peyala mu dothi, kenako ikani mizu pang'onopang'ono ndikuyika dothi.

Ndikofunika kumata pansi mozungulira pamizu pamwamba pa mizu musananyowe.

Gawo 3

Mukathira dothi, jambulani bwalo lozungulira kuti madzi asathe kufalikira, kenako thirani ndowa ziwiri zamadzi mosamala. Mukadikirira madzi akamizidwa, ikani malo oyandikira pafupi ndi thunthu. Mangani mtengo wachichepere kumthandizo.

Kusamalira Mtengo wa Peyala

Zomera zazing'ono zidzafunika korona wapachaka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kudulira kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula, kumayambiriro kwamasika. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwiratu nthawi yoyenera ntchitoyi. Kudula kumavomerezeka bwino kwambiri ndi mbande pamtunda wosazizira kuposa -8 ºC.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha nthawi yomwe impso zikuyamba kutupa. Ndimayamba kuwona momwe impso zakhalira kumapeto kwa Marichi. Akangokulira, mutha kuyamba kukonzekera kudulira. Tsiku lotha kudulira likhoza kutsimikizika patsikulo pamene masamba otumphukira akusweka ndi masamba obiriwira masamba amawonekera ku lumen. Pambuyo pake, kukhudza nthambi kumakhala koopsa - mandimuwo asuntha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapuma kuchokera m'malo a magawo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Nthambi zonse zolozetsedwa m'mwamba ziyenera kudulidwa ndi secateurs mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika. Izi zimathandiza kuti mtengowu ukhale bwino ndikukula kwamtsogolo.

Zojambula zokonzekera pachaka chomaliza ndi 1/3 ya kutalika kwa mibadwo yosiyana ya mtengowo

Kuthirira

M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mmera umathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Pafupifupi, ndowa imodzi kapena iwiri yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthirira. Kwa zaka zikubwerazi, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachuluka, koma nthawi yothirira imasiyanasiyana mpaka kamodzi pa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.

Feteleza kwa mapeyala

Chimodzi mwa chikhalidwe ichi ndi kufunikira kochepa kwa nayitrogeni. Pachifukwa ichi, nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha zaka zinayi zokhala ndi moyo pazomera zochepa. Nitrogen feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakamera masamba. Mitengo ya peyala yoposa zaka zinayi sidzafuna feteleza wa nayitrogeni.

Kuvala kwapamwamba ndi nayitrogeni ndikololedwa kokha ndi njala yayikulu ya nayitrogeni, poti mtengo wa peyala umakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo umakhala ndi masamba opepuka, osakhwima.

Zamoyo zodyetsedwa sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa kamodzi pa zaka 3-5. Kuchulukitsa kwake kungadalire chonde cha dimba lanu.

Koma feteleza wa mtengo wa peyala amafunika pachaka. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imafulumira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito michere yake kutipatsa mbewu.

Chaka chikadzayamba kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma organic dressings, choyambirira, kusakaniza kwa phosphorous-potaziyamu kumawonjezeredwa kuma grooves okonzeka a magalamu 50 ndi 25 pa mita lalikulu, kuwasakaniza mosamala ndi nthaka.

Pambuyo kudya, ndikofunikira kusamalira mitengo yonse ya mitengo ikuluikulu, osayilola kuti idze udzu

Pogona nyengo yachisanu

Ngakhale mitundu ya peyalayi imasamalidwa ngati chisanu, mitengo yaying'ono yobzalidwa m'madera omwe ali ndi chisanu chotalikirapo imafunikira malo. Kuzungulira mtengo wonsewo padakulungidwa ndi nsalu yolimba ngati burlap.

Monga kutchingira, udzu wouma, masamba, udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuphatikiza udzu onunkhira - chitsamba chowawa, mbewa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi akuluakulu. Njira imeneyi imathandizanso kuti mtengowo ukhale wosasangalatsa mbewa.

Njira zingapo zotetezera mitengo ku chisanu ndi mphepo yozizira

Chotenthetsera choterechi chitha kuyikidwa pansi pa nsalu yomwe imakutira thunthu, komanso kuyika masentimita angapo pansi kuzungulira thunthu. Malowa ndiofunika kupondaponda mwamphamvu.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ngakhale ndizachilendo zake - minofu yolimba ya mwana wosabadwa, yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa mphutsi, mitundu yamapira yozizira imakhalanso ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.

Scab

Amayitanidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - fungus. Matendawa amatha kuphimba mtengo wonse kwathunthu - kuchokera thunthu kupita ku zipatso ndi masamba.

Scab pamapichesi amakwiya ndi bowa wa pathogenic ndipo amafunika kuwongolera mwachangu

Sopo bowa

Zigawo zonse za chomeracho zimathothomera chakuda. Imagona mwachangu mbali zonse za mtengowo, komanso anthu okhala nawo pafupi ndi nthambi yayitali.

Mutha kudziwa bowa wonunkhira pamwamba pa zipatsozo ndi madontho aang'ono akuda omwe amapanga zolembazo

Dzimbiri

Matendawa amayambitsa bowa wa pathogenic microscopic. Wonyamula mavuto amawonedwa ngati chomera chothandiza ngati mlombwa.

Dzimbiri limawoneka ngati mawanga owala a lalanje pamasamba a peyala

Zocheperako, mitengo ya peyala yamitundu yozizira imakhudzidwa ndi matenda monga Powdery mildew, omwe amawoneka ngati pachimake oyera, ndi Zipatso zowola, zomwe zimawononga kwathunthu zipatso. Zozungulira zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda omwe amabwera m'miyendo ya mbalame kapena m'manja mwa wamaluwa.

Gome: njira ndi malingaliro omenyera matenda

Mapepala azitsulo midge

Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri tikayang'anitsitsa ndi udzudzu wapakatikati wakuda.

Leaf gall midge imawoneka ngati udzudzu wawung'ono 2-2,5 mm, wokhala ndi mapiko owoneka bwino ndi tinyanga tambiri

Ngati mungazindikire tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pa mtengo wanu wa peyala, dziwani kuti posachedwa mphuthu zake zayamba kuterera kwambiri masamba a masamba, ndikuphukira.

Leaflet

Chingwe chobiriwira ichi ndi gulugufe wachichepere, yemwe, kukhathamira, wokutira tsamba ndikulimata ndi tsamba lomata.

Leafloader ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndimalo amdima ndikukulungidwa mu cobwebs

Pafupipafupi, mapeyala a nthawi yozizira amatsutsidwa ndi tizilombo monga nthata za zipatso, nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimadya msuzi wa masamba, kapena njenjete - kudya zipatso. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakonda mitundu yofewa ya chilimwe.

Gome: njira ndi magwiridwe antchito oyang'anira tizilombo:

Kututa

Monga tanena kale, mtundu uliwonse wa peyala yozizira umakhala ndi nthawi yake yakucha. Komabe, musaiwale za nyengo ya dera lanu. Kuti mudziwe molondola masiku osakira mundawo, muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe mwakumana nawo:

1. Yembekezani mpaka zipatsozo zitasokonekera ku nthambi.
2. Sankhani nyengo youma kuti mukolole.
3. Osadandaula, ngati panthawi yosonkhanitsa mapeyala ndiolimba, amasuka pomwe amasungidwa bwino.
4. Chotsani ndikuyika zipatsozo m'manja - ngakhale mutaboola khungu lanu ndi chala, mapeyala sangasungidwe.
5. Musaope kukhala mochedwa ndi zokolola, palibe ngozi yayikulu.

Kutentha kwa Autumn kumachoka pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti zipatso zimakhala ndi mwayi wouumitsa, ndipo izi zimawonjezera chipiriro chawo posungira mtsogolo.

Pakudyera kwathu, mapeyala am'mnyengo yozizira amatuta pang'ono pomwe kulibe zipatso zina. Chifukwa ngati mutazisonkhanitsa kale, zipatsozo zimakhala zopanda miyala komanso zosasangalatsa, ngakhale zitasungidwa. Mwanjira inayake, oyandikana nawo adatola mapeyala a mitundu yosadziwika kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Yasungidwa mpaka February, kuyesera, ndikupatsa ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake, sitiri othamangira ndi chopereka, kudikirira kuti tioneke ofowoka, koma opanda manyazi. Zithunzi za Emerald, mwachitsanzo, zimasonkhanitsidwa kubiriwira, koma pali lingaliro lakomoka la blush. Onerani mapeyala anu amtsogolo, ndipo m'zaka zochepa, mudzadziwa nthawi yomwe kukhwima kwawo kumabwera.

Zopatsa

Mitundu ya peyala yozizira, monga lamulo, imapatsa zokolola zambiri. Wodzipereka kwambiri amatha kutchedwa, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Nika ndi Lear. Mitengo yachikulire ya mitundu iyi, popeza ili pachimake pakupanga zipatso, imapatsa 75 makilogalamu kuchokera pachomera chilichonse. Izi ndizotsatira zabwino, koma pakati pa mitundu yamtsogolo pali akatswiri enieni. Mwachitsanzo, kulemera konse kwa zipatso kuchokera mumtengo umodzi wamitundu yozizira ya Bere Michurina ndi Saratovka nthawi zambiri zimaposa 200 kg, ndipo mtengo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wa Curie umatha kubala ma kilogalamu 350 kapena kupitirira!

Magulu osiyanasiyana a nthawi yozizira ndi otchuka chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri za nthawi yophukira.

Momwe mungasungire mbewu

Kusungidwa bwino kwa mapeyala, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pakusankhidwa kwa zotengera. Ndikofunika kukwaniritsa zinthu zingapo zomwe zikwaniritse:

• maphukusi abwino kwambiri - matabwa, okhala ndi pepala, otenthedwa ndi sulufufu - izi zimateteza mapeyala kuti asawoneke bowa ndi zowola;
• malo osungirako ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso osatayikira;
• Mugawo, mizere iwiri ya mapeyala yomwe ikukhazikitsidwa ndi mapesi osakhudzana ndikuyika udzu kapena nyemba zosungika bwino;
• bokosilo siliyenera kukhala loposa zipatso za 14-16 kg;
• zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake sizili bwino pafupi ndi bokosi limodzi;
• pofuna kusungitsa zipatso m'matumba apulasitiki, mapeyala amakhala atakhazikika, ndipo mpweya umakutulutsani m'matumba.

Pofuna kuteteza mbewu, muyenera kuganizira bwino kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zosunga zipatso

Kutentha ndi nthawi yosungirako

Ndizodalirika kwambiri kusunga mapeyala m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri - kuyambira 1 mpaka 0 ° C, ndi chinyezi chachikulu cha 95%. Komabe, pali mitundu yambiri ya mochedwa yomwe imafunikira kutentha pang'ono kwa 1-2 ° C. Ndipo pazinthu izi, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino.

Gome: Malo osungira abwino amitundu ina

Gwiritsani ntchito

Mapeyala amitundu ina amtsogolo amakhala ndi zamkati ndipo ali ndi ma tannins ambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizoyenera ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito kuposa mitundu ina. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano nthawi yozizira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:

• amasunga ndi ma compotes;
• kupanikizana ndi uchi;
• vinyo
• marmalade ndi zipatso zokazinga.

Pearl marmalade ndi mankhwala osangalatsa omwe ali ndi shuga wowonjezera ndi gelatin

Kuphatikiza apo, peyala yokhala ndi anti-yotupa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala onse azachipatala komanso popanga mankhwala ena ogulitsa mankhwala.

Kanema: Zomwe mbewu zamapichesi a peyala zimawoneka

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Tinkangolakalaka chabe mapeyala ndipo timaganiza kuti sizikhala ndi chisangalalo chathu ... zaka 3 zapitazo, mchaka chapitacho, adadzala Just Maria, Msuruki, Batala wakutsogolo wa Belarus ndi Veles. Chaka chino chinali mbewu yoyamba. Zabwino koposa zonse anali Just Maria. Panali mapeyala pafupifupi 30, 10 omwe tinathamangira kutsogolo chifukwa tinalibe kudikira. Masiku angapo apitawo adachotsa mpumulowo. Tsopano ali mchipinda chapansi cha zidutswa zingapo patsiku zipse. Chimakoma ngati mapeyala okoma!

Matilda

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Nditha kungotchulapo zokuchitikira zanga zokha. Zaka 10 zikukula ndipo zikubereka kale Autumn Yakovleva ndi Veles, zonse nthawi yophukira komanso chokoma. Katemera ena onse sanakhalepo ndi zipatso, koma Pamyat Zhegalov ndi Pamyat Yakovlev ndi Belorussia pambuyo pake akumva bwino, ngakhale kuti mitunduyi sinawonepo kuzizira kwambiri. Ndimayesetsanso kukula Nick. Mitundu yomwe ndimakonda kwambiri, yosangalatsa komanso yopatsa zipatso ndi Autumn Yakovleva, koma amalemba kuti si yozizira-siyi, sindinazindikire.

Mayendedwe

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Ndine peyala yamitundu yozizira Pamyat Zhegalov. Zipatsozo ndizitsulo, ngakhale mu Seputembala, sizimakhalanso zoyipa, koma makomedwewo ndi onyansa (poyamba simuluma, amanama koma osakhala ngati udzu). Kudabwitsidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo. Nkhani yomweyi ndi anansi a mitundu ya Lada.

amanditama

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M'malo anga akale, onse Chizhovskaya ndi Lada akukula. Mitengo idakhwima kale, ibala zipatso bwino, koma ... siziri monga iwo amanenera. Amakhala ofewa, makamaka Lada. Pakatikati palibe. Palibe chosungirako chomwe chingakambidwe. Mwina mwake sindinali mwayi? Ndinagula kwa nthawi yayitali ku Sadko. Kotero sizingatheke kuti zibzalidwe kachiwiri. Ana okha ndi omwe amadya, kapena kumakhazikika pa jamu. Chabwino, mwina sindimakonda choncho, zofewa.

arinka

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Zikhala zothandiza kwa olima m'munda omwe amanyalanyaza mitundu yamapichesi aposachedwa kuti adziwe kuti zipatsozi zimafunikira kutsatira malamulo apadera kuti azikolola ndi kuzisunga. Zisungidwa, zipatsozo zimakwaniritsa kukhwima kwa ogula enieni. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapeyala a dzinja ndi mitundu ina ya peyala.