Ngati kale mutasankha chomera, chidwi chanu chinkaperekedwa pazomwe mungasankhe, ndipo masiku ano pamadera a dacha pali mitundu yambiri yamtchire yomwe imakhala ndi zinthu zina. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi woletsedwa, umene tikukupemphani kuti mudziwane bwino.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Buteni ndi chomera chabwino kapena chosatha cha herbaceous chomwe chingathe kukhala ndi tuber ndi rhizome. Mapepala amapepala amawoneka ngati nthenga zambirimbiri, ndipo pa chikho chochepa cha maluwa ndi zoyera, pinki, zofiirira kapena zofiira, ndi zozama kwambiri pamwamba.
Pamunsi, iwo akhoza kukhala ophwanyika, kapena amatha kulowera mwachangu. Zipatso za chomera, kawirikawiri, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a oblong kapena zowonjezereka zofanana ndi chophwanyika chophweka, pang'ono mopitirira pang'ono.
Inde, malingana ndi mtundu wazowonjezera, pangakhale kusiyana kosiyana ndi maonekedwe a zomera, zomwe mudzaphunzire zamtsogolo. 
Mukudziwa? Anthu ankadziwa za machiritso a butene m'masiku akale a Aroma ndi Agiriki, ngakhale kuti panthaŵi imeneyo chomeracho chinali chofunika kwambiri monga kuwonjezera kwa nthiwatiwa nyama kusiyana ndi gawo la maphikidwe odziwika.
Kufalikira
Zimakhulupirira kuti "ulendo" wake padziko lonse unayamba ndi mayiko ochokera ku Caucasus ndi mbali ya kumadzulo kwa Asia, koma lero akhoza kupezeka m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira ya gawo la Aurasia. Chomera chofala chomwe chinalandidwa ku Finland, Sweden, m'mayiko a dziko la Iran ndi Turkey.
Komanso mudziwe za iye okhala ku France, Greece, Russia, Ukraine ndi Western Transcaucasia. Mitundu yambiri (makamaka, yotchuka kwambiri yotchedwa tuberiferous bumen) imakonda malo omwe ali pafupi ndi misewu ndi malo a shrub omwe amapezeka pamphepete mwa nkhalango ndi m'minda, ngakhale kuti njira yomwe amachokera m'nkhalango zowonongeka sizinasankhidwe. 
Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amaona kuti chitsacho ndi udzu, ena amakula m'minda yawo monga ndiwo zamasamba, amatcha "Kervel turnip", choncho musadabwe ngati mutapeza gawo lanu.
Mitundu yotchuka
Sikuti mitundu yonse ya mankhwalawa idzakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, chifukwa ena mwa iwo amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsya komanso osamala kwambiri akamagwiritsa ntchito. Ganizirani za mitundu iliyonse mwachindunji.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa herbaceous zomera monga burnet, lespededena, serpentine mutu, theka-kugwa, mwendo, mankhwala, zowawa zokwawa, astragalus, awnless moto, sedge, yasnotk ndi zubrovka.
Matenda a tuberiform, tuberous (bulbosum)
Mbewu ya tuberiferous kapena tuberiform ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zimakhala ndi nthambi ndi nthambi zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kufika masentimita 60-180. Kumtunda, tsinde limaphimbidwa ndi pubescence ndipo limasiyana ndi maonekedwe ofiira, ndipo pamwamba pake liri maliseche, nthawi zina ndizokhalira pansi pamutu.
Mzuwo ndi dzira lopangidwa ndi dzira, limene, komabe, si lovuta kuganiza ndi dzina la zosiyanasiyana. 
Mapepala onse a masambawa ndi ofiira, koma m'zinthu zina za pakati pa mapepala otsika ndi apamwamba pali kusiyana kwakukulu: zoyamba zimagawidwa m'malo atatu ndipo zimakhala ndi mbali zambiri zamtundu wa lanceolate (zomwe zimapezeka pa petioles yaitali), ndipo chachiwiri zimakhala zitsamba, ndi zida zooneka bwino.
The inferrescence tuberous bud ndi ambulera yovuta kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa oyera. Maluwa amatha kuwonetsedwa mu June ndi July. Zipatso zowonjezera zowonjezereka zipsa mu August. Mbali zonse za izi zimakhala ndi herophyllin, ndipo pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya mafuta otentha ndi ofunikira alipo muzuwo.
Mukudziwa? The morphologia ya tuberiferous minofu muzinthu zambiri mofanana ndi kapangidwe ka Prescott zosiyanasiyana, amene amaonedwa kuti wabwino uchi chomera, koma alibe chakudya chambiri. Mukhoza kusiyanitsa zomera zokha ndi wrappers ndi zolembera zikugwa pansi.
Golden (aureum)
Monga woyimira kale, kuyang'ana kwa golide kungakhaleko chifukwa cha zomera zosatha, ndi mizu yakuda. Mu msinkhu, nyemba zoterozo zimakula mpaka masentimita 70-150 ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi yamphamvu kwambiri. Amatsitsimutsa kwambiri, pansi pa node pali kutupa pang'ono. 
Mapepala a masamba atatu amathanso ndi pubescence ndipo nthawi ziwiri zimagawidwa, ndi nsonga zapamwamba za zigawozo. Inflorescences amapezeka ngati maambulera ovuta, koma ndi timapepala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga timapepala timodzi (6-8 pieces).
Maluwa onse ndi oyera, mu ambulera iliyonse pali gawo la filaments. Maluwa amapezeka kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa chilimwe. Zipatso (ziwiri zochepa zochepa) zimapulumuka mu August. Kubzala - mbewu.
Mtundu woterewu umapezeka mu gawo la Ulaya la Russia, koma ndi wamba m'mayiko ena omwe ali ndi nyengo yofanana, kawirikawiri pakati pa zitsamba ndi m'madambo.
Kununkhira (aromaticum)
Wotsutsa wina wa zomera zosatha za herbaceous. Chimake chimakhala chokoma chokha kuchokera ku 50 cm mpaka 200 ndipo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi msinkhu wa nthambi. Monga momwe zinalili kale, mu nthiti za chomera ichi pali kutupa pang'ono, ndipo kumunsi kwa tsinde pali zooneka bwino za pubescence za mtundu woyera. 
Mapepala a leaf kawiri kapena katatu katatu, akhoza kukhala opanda kanthu kapena ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi pamwamba. Tsamba lakufupi, mzere wofiirira wofiira womwe umadutsa mitsempha. Zobvala zina za dongosolo lomalizira ndi obovoid, zimagwedeza pamphepete.
Miphika yamunsi ya masamba imakhala pamtunda wautali, pomwe chapamwamba ndi yaing'ono komanso pamaliseche. Maluwa oyera a buten onunkhira ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi achibale ake. Zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa kukhala maambulera ovuta, ndi mazira 12-20 oyambirira.
Kumayambiriro kwa kuwala kwakukulu, tsamba lokhalitsa masamba sililipo, kapena kuli tsamba limodzi lokha lomwe likugwa. Mu ambulera yachiwiri, cholemberacho chimakhala ndi mapepala 7-9 apamwamba. Zipatso zazitsambazi zimakhala zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhala zazifupi mpaka 8-13 mm.
Mizu ya zonunkhira butene imayimilidwa ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe timapanga timeneti tomwe timayambira, 25-32% ya zinthu zopanda mphamvu za nayitrogeni (shuga, wowonjezera) zilipo, zigawo za nitrogenous, mafuta, mafuta ofunikira a saponins ndi alkaloids. 
Ndikofunikira! Masamba ndi tsinde la zosiyanazi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse. yaiwisi kuphika - ndi owopsa kwambiri.
Kumwa mowa, kupweteka (temulum)
Izi, kawirikawiri, mtundu wa zaka ziwiri (zosiyana pachaka ndizochepa) zimafika kutalika kwa 100-120 masentimita. Pansi, tsinde loongoka limaphimba mdima wofiira ndi pubescence akukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhudza.
Pansi pa masamba mungathe kuwona kutupa kwachibadwa. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chifuwa, choledzeretsacho sichikulira pansi pa tsinde. Mapepala a Leaf ali ndi maonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira, ndipo pamwamba pake amawonekera poyera kwambiri pubescence.
Mapepala otsikawa amaikidwa pa petioles, pamene pamwambapo, osatambasulidwa, amakhala ngati sessile, ndi mavoti ambiri. Maluwa amapezeka m'mambulera ovuta, omwe amakhala ndi maambulera 6-12. 
Chovalacho chingakhale chopanda kwathunthu kapena chingakhale tsamba limodzi. Maluwa onse osakwatira ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ali ndi mabala oyera, nthawi zina ofiira kapena achikasu. Maluwa amatha kuwonedwa kuyambira May mpaka kumapeto kwa July.
Mukhoza kukumana ndi zikopa m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku Caucasus, ndipo ku Russia zikukula zambiri pa malo a chernozem, kukumana m'madera osakanikirana ndi a mitengo.
Ndikofunikira! M'madera onse a chomera pali chiwerengero chokwanira cha herophyllin alkaloid, chifukwa chaichi. Pali kale poizoni za ng'ombe zoweta, ndipo pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira za poizoni, ndizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malonda amodzi okhala ndi tannin.
Mankhwala amapangidwa
Mankhwalawa amapangidwabe, koma ndizowona kuti mpaka 0,9% ya mafuta ofunikira alipo mu zipatso za zomera, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anethole (chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimakhala ndi fungo losaneneka).
Mamarmarins, flavonoids, ndi mafuta olemera ankapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana. Mafuta oposa 0.45%, vitamini C (zochulukirapo), carotene, shuga ndi glisirrizin zimabisika m'matumba a masamba. Ponena za kufunika kwa zakudya, zomerazi zimakhala ndi mavitamini komanso chakudya, ndipo mafuta amakhala ndi 4 g pa 100 g.Corories: 20 kcal pa 100 g.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala achipatala
Buteng (mtundu uliwonse wa izo) sichidziwika bwino mwa mankhwala ochiritsira monga chamomile, licorice kapena masewera, koma muzifukwa zina zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa munthu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mbeu zomwe zafotokozedwa zimakhala ndi, nthawi komanso momwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera kuchiritsa. 
Mankhwala
Mapangidwe onse okonzedwa pambali pa chomerachi adzakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, diuretic, antispasmodic ndi expectorant effect, chifukwa choti n'zotheka kuthetsa vuto la matenda ambiri a impso, bronchitis kapena matenda ozizira, kuphatikizapo chifuwa cholimba.
Kuonjezera apo, kupatsirana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku mankhwalawa kumathandiza kuchepetsa chimbudzi komanso kumathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto a m'mimba.
Kukonzekera pa maziko a bukhuli kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zoterezi:
- Poyeretsa pakamwa pakamwa ndi stomatitis, matenda a mmphepete ndi chapamwamba pamutu (ndi bronchitis ndi tracheitis zimapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zitheke);
Nsalu zochokera ku galu, galamala, savory, elecampane, ulonda wa masamba atatu, Canada sanguinaria, barberry, sorelo ya mahatchi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakutsuka pakamwa.
- pochizira kutupa kwa chikhodzodzo ndi impso (makamaka monga diuretic kwa cystitis)
- kuchotsa chizungulire, malungo ;;
- Kuonjezera ntchito zotetezera thupi ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
Kuteteza chitetezo kumagwiritsanso ntchito njanji ya Crimea, mungu wa njuchi, viburnum, whitehead, Tibetan lofant, dzungu, mabulosi akutchire, yucca, owala, hellebore, fenugreek, clover, cornel, echinacea, tsamba la a bay, aloe ndi hemlock.
- pochiza matenda a dermatological (makamaka acne, zilonda ndi abscesses);
- kuthetsa mawonetseredwe a chifuwa chachikulu ndikuperewera zakudya zoperewera kwa zakudya;
- kuonetsetsa kuti thupi limagwira ntchito komanso kuthetsa mavuto a m'mimba.
Kukonzekera kwa zakumwa za mankhwala kungagwiritsidwe ntchito muzu, masamba ndi mbeu zimasonkhanitsidwa mu gawo la kukula msinkhu.
Kulowetsedwa kwa Mbewu
Malingana ndi vuto lomwe muli nalo, mungathe kusankha njira zoyenera zothetsera vutoli. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wopezera botolo, ndiye kuti maphikidwe otsatirawa angakhale othandiza.
Pakamwa phokoso, chakumwa chomwe chinapangidwa kuchokera ku tiyipiketi awiri a zomera zosweka ndi galasi la madzi otentha amathandizira, omwe, atatha kusakaniza, ayenera kuikidwa kwa theka la ora, ndipo atatha kusinthasintha, onjezerani supuni imodzi ya uchi ndikugwiritsira ntchito supuni 1-2 katatu pa tsiku (nthawizonse mu mawonekedwe ofunda ). 
Kulowetsedwa kwa mbewu kumathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda a m'mimba ndi timfine. Pofuna kukonzekera chakumwa, pakadali pano, makapuni awiri a tiyi amatsanulira ndi galasi limodzi la madzi otentha ndikuphatikiza kwa theka la ora. Kenako madziwo amasankhidwa bwino ndipo amadya theka la galasi katatu patsiku (ngati muli ndi mimba) komanso kotentha kotentha (mungathe kuwonjezera supuni ya uchi ).
Mu mankhwala amtundu, chimfine imathandizidwa ndi anemone, skuma, chitowe chakuda, amaranth, salvia, linden, catnip, marigold, mtedza wachitsamba, stevia magenta.
Muzochitika zonsezi, kulowetsedwa kuyenera kutenthedwa kutentha ndi theka la ola asanadye chakudya.
Muzu tincture
Ngati mukumva bwino, matenda a m'mimba ndi kufooketsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, chothandizira mcherewu ndiwothandiza: 50 g wa mizu yophwanyika yowuma, kutenga theka la lita imodzi ya vodka ndipo, mutatha kusakaniza, mutenge mankhwalawo kwa masiku 14, ndikugwedeza botolo nthawi zonse (pafupifupi masiku awiri).
Mukudziwa? Liwu lakuti "uchi" limachokera ku Chiyuda ndipo kwenikweni limatanthauza "matsenga."
Pambuyo pa nthawi yeniyeniyi, tincture iyenera kuthiridwa ndi kutumizidwa ku malo osungirako kosatha m'chipinda chozizira. Tengani chida cha madontho 15-20 mphindi 20 musanadye, 2 pa tsiku.
Gwiritsani ntchito kuphika
Kwenikweni, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakudya, zomwe zingatumikidwe muzokazinga, zophika komanso ngakhale zopangira. Iwo ali ndi zonunkhira zokoma kwambiri, zofanana ndi chestnuts zokazinga kuti azilawa.
Mitengo yaying'ono yamaluwa ndi zomera m'mayiko ena (mwachitsanzo, ku Romania ndi Moldova) nthawi zambiri imakhala mbali ya maphunziro oyambirira, ngakhale kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa salting kapena monga zowonjezera ku sauces zosiyanasiyana.
Nthaŵi zina, zitsani zitsamba zikhoza kukololedwa kapena kuyisakaniza zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mukufuna, mungathe kukonzekera saladi kuchokera kumtunda wobiriwira, koma apa muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, mukukumbukira kuwonjezeka kwauchidakwa kwa mitundu ina. 
Mukudziwa? Amapiko a ku America akukulangizani kuti muwonjezere masamba otsala a masamba a asiene kuti muwayerekezere ndi supuni 2-4 pa lita imodzi, ndipo muyeso wa shuga ungagwiritsidwe kawiri kawiri.
Contraindications
Chifukwa cha ntchito yochepa chabe ngati mankhwala, ndi kovuta kunena zomwe zimatsutsana ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi mankhwala. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ntchito yake idzakhala yosasangalatsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali osagwirizana ndi zigawo zake, ndipo poizoni akhoza kukhalapo pakagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake.
Kuonjezera apo, posonkhanitsa zipangizo, ndikofunikira kufufuza bwino maonekedwe a chomera, kuti asasokoneze zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi oimira omwe ali ndi poizoni a banja la Umbrella. 
Kukula pakhomo
Mitengo yambiri yakutchire imamva bwino pa nyumba zawo zam'mlengalenga, ndipo sizinasinthe. Sichikusowa zofunikira za kukula, ndipo musanadzale ndikofunika kudziwa zochepa chabe.
Kusankha malo
Malo okongola omwe ali nawo ndiwotchedwa humidified, sunlit kapena malo amdima. Anthu oyandikana naye akhoza kukhala ozoloŵera kwa ife chikhalidwe, chifukwa poyera, amakula ngakhale pafupi ndi namsongole.
Kubzala mbewu
Mbewuyi imafalikira ndi njira ya mbewu, ndipo mbewu zimamera bwino kutentha kwa ... + 30 ° C. Komabe, ngakhale mutabzala mu March, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera pafupi masiku 20 mutabzala (masamba akukololedwa kwa masabata 4-6). 
Pokonzekera dothi lofesa, liyenera kumasulidwa komanso lodzisungunuka bwino, ngati kukula kwa mbewu zidzasowa chinyezi. Njira yodzidza yokha ndi yophweka: mbewuzo zimangowambalala pamalo omasulidwa kapena pang'ono zimapita pansi.
Ma feteleza apadera sali oyenera. Zokwanira kudzala botolo kamodzi, ndipo mudzapatsidwa mankhwala opangira zonse zaka zotsatila, chifukwa izi ndizomera zosatha - kudzilima.
Kuthirira
Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse - maziko a chisamaliro cha "home". Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito masamba ake, ndibwino kuti muike madziwa kamodzi pakangopita masiku ochepa kuti masamba a masamba asakhale ovuta kwambiri. Chomeracho sichifunikira china chilichonse, kotero simungadandaule za kuvala kapena kumasula nthaka.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako zipangizo
Pofuna mankhwala, mbali zonse za zomera zomwe zanenedwa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo zambiri zimakololedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Dulani masamba ndi zimbudzi zimadulidwa bwino ndipo zimayikidwa pa thireyi yochepetsetsa, kenako zimatengedwera kumalo otentha, otsekemera komanso otsekemera. 
Ndikofunikira! Udzu wokolola uyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti tipewe nkhungu kapena kufalikira kwa madzi.
Pokhapokha ngati mcherewo uli wouma kwambiri, ziwalo zowonongeka zingapangidwe mu matumba a mapepala kapena matumba a nsalu, powazindikiritsa m'malo ouma ndi amdima kuti asungidwe. Silifi moyo wa zomera zouma zouma nthawi zambiri sizoposa chaka chimodzi.
Pofuna kukonzekera gawo lazuwo, imakumba kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn, koma isanafike isanayambike chisanu. Pambuyo pochotseratu ma tubers pansi, amatsukidwa pansi pamadzi ndikuduladutswa. N'zotheka kuuma zowonjezera mu chowumitsa magetsi, kutentha kutentha pafupifupi 50 ° C.
Zosungirako zina sizinali zosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zosungira magawo a pamwambawa.Bweyani, ngakhale kuti ndi zachilendo, koma zowonjezera zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala. Komabe, kuti musadzivulaze nokha, ndibwino kuti mufunsane ndi dokotala poyamba, ziribe kanthu vuto lomwe mumakumana nawo.
