Mbewu yotchuka ya masamba ili ndi mitundu yoposa zikwi ziwiri. Dziko lakwawo - Central America, linachokera kumeneko m'zaka za m'ma 1500 mbewu idabwera ku Ulaya, kenako idapita ku Russia.
Ngakhale kuti masamba ndi thermophilic ndi opanda nzeru, ambiri akukula muzolowera kwawo.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Mavitamini enieniwa, chifukwa cha ichi, ndi otchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe opaka ndi otentha. Koma kupeza zokolola zochuluka sikophweka.
Kusankha mitundu
Kusiyanasiyana kwawo kungapangitse kulingalira. Zipatso zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kukula, kulawa, kucha. Kuti zinthu zizikuyenderani bwino, khalani ndi zofunikira zomwe mukuyenera kulima.
Taganizirani izi:
- Oyambirira kapena pakatikati. Chofunika kwambiri ndicho kusankha mitundu kuti zitheke nthawi yokolola zipatso. Mitundu ina yosankhidwa yosiyana. Kumayambiriro: Prometheus, Marconi, Belozerka. Pakati pa nyengo: Swallow, Dobrynya Nikitich, White Snow, Health, Vitamini.
- Zinthu. Mitundu imasiyana mosiyana ndi njira yolimbikitsira kulima. Ambiri mwa iwo amapangidwa ndi malo obiriwira ndi greenhouses (Kakadu, Raisa, Red Baron). Koma pali hybrids zomwe zingabzalidwe kuthengo (Belladonna, Isabella, Mphatso ya Moldova, Atlant, Chimwemwe). Palinso mitundu yomwe ingamere pakhomo (Chanterelle, Winnie the Pooh, Carat, Pakati, Medal).
- Kutalika. Choyimira chomwe chikufunikiranso kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yayitali siingakhoze kukula mu greenhouses.
Pa webusaiti yathu mukhoza kuphunzira za mitundu ina ya tsabola: Chile, Cayenne, nandolo, tsabola woyera, Jalapeno, Atlas, Habanero.
Kodi kukula mbande
Pozindikira nthawi yofesa, iwo amatsogoleredwa ndi nthawi yobzala mu greenhouses kapena kutseguka pansi. Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi nyengo yaitali, choncho amafesa pamaso pa ena onse. Izi kawirikawiri zimakhala pakati kapena kumapeto kwa February, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Kumapeto ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo - yofesedwa kale.
Mbewu ziyenera kuchitidwa mu gawo limodzi la magawo makumi anai la potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 30. Pambuyo pake amatsukidwa ndikuikidwa mu nsalu yonyowa. Masiku 3-4 anakhalabe ofunda kuti amwe.
Pambuyo pokonza, iikidwa mu makapu osiyana. Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa alangize molondola munthu kubzala, monga tsabola salola kulemba.
Makapu okhala ndi gawo lotayirira (humus -2 mbali peat kapena mchenga - gawo limodzi, pansi - gawo limodzi) laikidwa mu bokosi kapena pamphuno. Pambuyo pofesa, zimaphimbidwa ndi polyethylene ndipo zimayikidwa pamalo otentha (25-300).
Kuwombera kumawoneka pambuyo pa masiku 6-7. Firimuyi imachotsedwa, ndipo kutentha kwafupika kufika madigiri 18. Mu mafashoni awa, mphukira zimasungidwa kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, kotero kuti sizitambasula.
Chisamaliro
Ngati munabzala tsabola mu chidebe chachikulu, mu magawo a timapepala 3-4 timayenera kuigwiritsa ntchito. Musachedwe ndi ndondomekoyi, ngati zomera zambiri zimakula mizu.
Mbande sayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha izi, zimakhudza bowa lakuda. Mu gawo la masamba atatu oyambirira, amadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu, superphosphate ndi urea.
Ngati chipindacho sichikwanira mokwanira, muyenera kuunika, makamaka masabata oyambirira, kuti mupewe kukoka, kupatulira tsinde.
Pambuyo pokonza tsambali lachisanu ndi chitatu ndikudyetsanso chakudya. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko, pamene imayika maluwa - maziko a zipatso zamtsogolo. Nthawi yowala mu February-March ikufunika kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 koloko madzulo.
Chofunikira ndichovuta. Pamene kutentha kumayikidwa pamsewu, zojambulazo zimachotsedwa ndikuikidwa mu mthunzi, zotetezedwa ku mphepo ndi kulemba.
Kufika pansi
Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera ndiyo kutentha kapena pansi pa filimu. Zokolola za chikhalidwe chokonda kutentha pamunda sizitali.
Musanadzale mbande kuika pa cholinga chofika malo - mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha kwa acclimatization. Kuthirira kunachepa kwambiri, koma kuwonjezeka kwa maola masana.
Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zisadwale, zimachiritsidwa mkuwa sulphate kapena bordeaux osakaniza.
Ndi njira ya mphika, mbande imathiridwa madzi masiku awiri musanadzalemo, mabokosi tsiku lomwelo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pansi musanatuluke apange mpeni ndi mpeni pamtunda wonse wa coma mzerewu.
Mutatha kumwa madzi ambiri. Njira yoteroyo idzachititsa kukula kwa mizu yaing'ono, ndipo idzazuka mofulumira panthawi yomwe imaikidwa.
Tsabola obzalidwa ku greenhouses kumapeto kwa May, ndi kutseguka pansi pakati pa mwezi wa June.
Pa kulima tsabola mu nyengo yotentha, werengani nkhani pa webusaiti yathu.
Kumene angabzala
Pepper sangathe chomera pambuyo mbatata, tomato. Okonzeratu zabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi nkhaka ndi kabichi, anyezi, kaloti, ndi zukini amaloledwa.
Kusinthasintha kwa mbewu koteroko kumapereka zakudya zabwino kwambiri za nthaka ndi kupewa matenda. Kulima kotere kumalo amodzimodzi monga chaka chatha, kumachepetsa zokolola, kumapangitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Ndifunikanso kuganizira malo oyandikana nawo m'munda. Musaike tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi tomato, chifukwa amafunikira chinyezi ndi kutentha. Koma kutchire malo ozungulira amakhala opindulitsa.
ZOFUNIKA. Musagwiritse ntchito mitundu yonse yokoma ndi yowawa pamodzi. Chomera ichi ndi mungu wofiira ndipo tsabola lonse pa tsamba lanu lidzakhala lowawa.
Kulowera
Nthaka yozizira ndi mdani wamkulu wa chomera ichi. Pansi pake mumapanga mabedi apamwamba, okwezedwa ndi 30-40 masentimita, idzaika mizu mu nthaka yabwino.
Tsabola amabzalidwa maluwa omwewo ndi njira yopanda kufalitsa. Mukamafesa mutsegula, bedi liri ndi zinthu zosavala. Komabe, n'zotheka kukula tsabola otseguka pansi popanda mbande yekha kum'mwera zigawo.
Zomera zimayikidwa pa masentimita 40 mpaka 50 wina ndi mzake, masentimita 60 pakati pa mizere.
Pamene mutsika, onetsetsani kuti tsinde silikudutsa pamwamba pa msinkhu umene unakula kale. Ndibwino kusunthira pansi madzulo kuti dzuwa lisatenthedwe zomera. Muzu udzakhazikika kwa masiku osachepera khumi, motero kumunda kulimbikitsidwa kuti uwaphimbe usiku ndi zowonjezera mafilimu.
Ndikofunika kumwa madzi ambiri tsabola pakubwera, ndipo pambuyo pake ndi bwino kusamwa madzi sabata. Mpaka mizu itayamba kuyamwa chinyezi, pali chiopsezo choyambitsa kuvunda chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka. Kuthirira kumabweretsa madzi ofunda okha. Kuzizira kumachepetsa kukula.
Kusamalira zomera
Kusamalira ndiko kuthirira, kuvala ndi kumasula.
- Kuthirira. Masiku onse asanu - nyengo yotentha, kamodzi pa masiku khumi - moyenera. Njirayi ndi yoyenera mpaka nthawi yomwe zipatso zoyambirira zinakhazikitsidwa. Mbewu yoyamba itangoyamba kukolola, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, ndiye maluwa atsopano ayamba kupanga.ZOFUNIKA. Musamwe madzi tsabola pamwamba, imachepetsa zokolola zake. Kutentha kumatha kupopera pang'ono.
- Kupaka pamwamba. Yoyamba imakhala yosachedweratu kuposa masiku khumi ndi limodzi mutatha kutuluka. Yachiwiri - masiku 20-25. Manyowa oyenera kusakanikirana konse kapena wapadera kwa tsabola.
Kamodzi pa nyengo, tsabola wothira ndi mullein. Koma musatengeke ndi nitrojeni - izo zimapangitsa mapangidwe a masamba, phindu la maluwa. - Belt girter. Mitundu yamtali yokha ndi yofunika. Pafupi ndi tchire, nkhumba zimayikidwa ndipo zimayambira zimamangiriridwa kwa iwo.
Momwe mungapangire tchire
Mukamakula panthaŵi yake, chotsani mphukira zochulukirapo (ana opeza). Izi zokha sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku sukulu yapadera, yomwe imangokhala korona.
Masking yachitidwa mosamala kwambiri pamene chomera chiri 25-30 cm wamtali.
Pamene chomeracho chifika pamtunda uwu, pamwamba pa mutu kumapindikizidwa. Kenaka chotsani mphukira zotsikirapo, kusiya zitsamba ziwiri, zamphamvu kwambiri. Masamba onse owonjezera amachotsedwa kuti apereke chithunzi chabwino.
Mu kutentha kwa kuchotsedwa kwa mphukira ayenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, monga iwo adzapangidwira mochuluka ndi mofulumira kwambiri. Ndifunikanso kudula mphukira motalika kwambiri kunja kwa chitsamba. Mlungu watha wa Julayi, fufuzani tchire ndikuchotsani zimayambira popanda zipatso ndi maluwa.
Tizilombo
Pa mulu wonse wa tizirombo tomwe timapezekapo tsabola, zotsatirazi ndizoopsa:
- Aphid. Izi tizilombo n'zodabwitsa kuti zonse zimadya ndipo amadya tsabola ndi zosangalatsa. Masamba panthawi imodzimodzi amakhala osasunthika, otchingidwa. Awononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Carbofos kapena mankhwala Ultra.
- Kangaude mite. Maonekedwe ake amatsimikiziridwa ndi zoyera pachimake pa masamba. Kumenyana naye ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo ndi anyezi. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Slugs. Pofuna kupewa maonekedwe awo ndi kubereka, phulani phulusa kapena laimu pa nthaka. Mankhwala ovomerezeka "Mvula yamkuntho".
Matenda
Ndi tizirombo tochepa, matenda a tsabola ndi abwino. Zowoneka kwambiri ndi kuwonekera kawirikawiri ndi izi:
- Msolo wakuda. Amakhala ndi madzi okwanira, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi kuzizira. Tsinde limakhala lopsa, ndi mawanga wakuda akuwonekera pa ilo. Pewani izi mukhoza kuthirira. Ngati matendawa ayamba kale, asiye kuthirira ndi kusamalira chitsamba Ndi chikwapu.
- Fusarium wilt. Korona imayamba kugwada. Pezani kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kuti muthane ndi matendawa. Pamene masamba apansi amafuna, omwe amasonyeza kuyamba kwa matendawa, yanizani tsabola Fundazole.
- Vuto Lotembenuka. Zikuwoneka pa chipatso chokhala ngati mawanga wakuda, imvi. Nyengo yozizira, nyengo yamvula imathandiza kuti chitukuko chiwonjezeke. Adzathandizira kulimbana nacho calcium nitrateshrub tchire.
- Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Matenda a nyengo yamvula. Zimakhudza zimayambira, masamba, zipatso. Iwo amawoneka bulauni pachimake, ndipo kenako amauma, chitsamba mofulumira chimamwalira. Pewani nthendayi idzakuthandizani kusankha mitundu yosagonjetsedwa. Zowonjezera processing Ndi chikwapu kapena Msempha salola kuti matendawa akule.
Mavuto obwerezabwereza
Pepper ndi yopanda nzeru ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri kumbali iliyonse yovuta. Mavuto obwerezabwereza:
- Tsamba lofiira. Chifukwa cha chodabwitsa ndicho kukula kwa zofooka. M'nthaka, kusowa kwa potaziyamu kapena mitsempha yamkati imatambasulidwa, ndipo masamba alibe nthawi yokwanira.
- N'zotheka ndi mphutsi zakugonjetsedwa tizirombo tina tomwe tatsalira panthaka.
- Chithandizo chogonjetsa matendawa chingathe kufalitsa nthaka musanadzalemo yankho la manganese. Ndiye muyenera kudyetsa tsabola potaziyamu nitrateyikani mapulusa.
- Pepper amafota ndipo amafa. Chitsamba cholimba chimayamba kufota ndi kutembenuka chikasu, kapena maluwa ndi zipatso zimayamba kugwa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kuchokera kumasintha mwamsanga pamene zimakhala kuzizira kwa kanthawi. Tsabola wokonda kutentha imasowa masiku owerengeka kuti alowe kutentha pansi pa madigiri 10-12, ndipo idzayamba kufota kwambiri.
Ngati mukukula tsabola kuthengo, ndikumwa kozizira, yesani kubisa usiku ndi zipangizo zilizonse. Mukhoza kuvala tchire zakale, kapena kuyika ma arcs ndikuponyera zovala.
Mbali za kukula kwa mitundu ya mkati
Mitundu ina ikhoza kukula mu chipinda. Iwo ali ndi zitsamba mu maluwa a maluwa avalo lalikulu kwambiri. Ngati palibe malo okwanira, zipatsozo zidzakhala zochepa ndipo chiwerengero chawo chidzakhala chochepa.
Phika ayenera kukonzekera popanga mabowo m'madzi. Dothi losakanizidwa limatsanulira pansi, mchenga umayikidwa pa iwo ndipo chidebecho chimadzaza, popanda kuphulika, ndi chisakanizo cha dothi lakuda, mchenga ndi humus. Nthaka siimangidwe. Mbewu imayikidwa mu mphika ndipo ili ndi filimu pamwamba.
Chisamaliro chiri kuthirira, kuvala, mapangidwe chitsamba.
Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amabwera kawirikawiri pakukula mitundu ya nyumba ndi kugonjetsedwa kwake. kupukuta. Masamba ali opotoka, chipika chimatulukira pa iwo. Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi mpweya wouma komanso kuuma kokwanira kwa mbeu.
Pamene nsabwe za m'masamba zikuwoneka, tsabola iyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda sopo yotsuka zovala. Mutatha kuchiza, sambani sopo ndi madzi oyera. Mukhoza kukonza tsabola kulowetsedwa wa anyezi ndi adyo. Amathandizanso polimbana ndi tizilombo tokaka mabulosi.
Kukula tsabola onse otseguka pansi ndi m'nyumba zowonjezera kumafuna kumvera malamulo onse. Ndi njirayi mungathe kupeza zokolola zazikulu za masamba, mavitamini ochuluka ndi ma microelements.
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