Jamu ndi mitundu ya mtundu wa Smorodinovye banja jamu. Chomeracho chimachokera ku Africa komanso chimakula kummwera kwa Ulaya, Caucasus, Asia ndi America.
Mukudziwa? Jamu ku Ulaya linatchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 16, ndipo m'zaka za 17, idakhala zipatso zabwino kwambiri ku England. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ntchito yosankha inayamba kusintha maluwa osakaniza. Zinali zotheka kupeza mitundu yopanda mphamvu ya mildew.
Jamu ndi shrub yaing'ono mpaka masentimita 120, ndi makungwa a bulawuni, omwe amapezeka ndi mapepala opangidwa ndi masamba. Masambawa amamangidwa, pang'ono kupunduka, ndi madontho, osadziwika, omwe amakhala ndi zitsamba zaminga.
Maluwa otulutsa maluwa mumwezi wa May ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira. Jamu zipatso zamphepete ndi kuzungulira, mpaka 12 mm (pali mitundu ndi zipatso mpaka 40 mm), yokutidwa ndi singano-ngati mamba wofewa. Pa zipatso zimamveka mitsempha ya zobiriwira, zofiira ndi zoyera. Zipatso zipsa mu July ndi August.
Jamu jamu ndi wathanzi komanso wokoma. Zili ndi mavitamini, mavitamini, ma salt ndi mavitamini. Chomera ndi chokhazikika: ngati muli ndi shrub imodzi m'munda wanu, jamu lidzabala chipatso, kukopa tizilombo timene timayambitsa mungu.
Mukudziwa? Timatchula gooseberries "mphesa zakumpoto".
Zonse zomwe mukufuna kudziwa za kubzala gooseberries
Nthawi yobzala gooseberries
Jamu akhoza kubzalidwa kugwa ndi kasupe. Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kupanga gooseberries mu autumn, kufotokoza kuti mutabzala, jamu baka ndi nthawi yopanga mizu yolimba ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Mukadzala jamu, ganizirani zofunikira zake zonse. Mizu ya "mphesa zakumpoto" ndi yaitali, kotero simukuyenera kulima m'chigwacho, ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda a fungal.
Jamu ndi bwino kwambiri kubzalidwa pamtunda kapena dzuwa. Dera limeneli liyenera kutetezedwa ku chimphepo chakumpoto ndi kummawa. Nthaka sayenera kulowerera ndale kapena ndi asidi otsika. Maluwa okongola, mchenga, mchenga ndi mchenga ndi abwino kwa iye.
Kubzala mu kugwa
Kubzala gooseberries m'dzinja ndi nkhani yokonzekera. Muyenera, choyamba, kuyeretsa dera ndi udzu ndi zinyalala; Popeza chitsamba chili chovuta, zingakhale zovuta kuti musamalire pambuyo pake. Kenaka, dera loyeretsedwa kale liyenera kukumbidwa ndikuchotsanso mizu ya namsongole, kuyesa nthaka ndi mchenga, kuswa mitsempha.
Amaluwa ambiri amalangizidwa kuti akumbe dzenje lakuya ndi kupitirira 50 cm kwa masabata 2-3 asanadzalemo, kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike. Malo apamwamba, omwe amatha kubzala kwambiri ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuika pambali; ntchito yomweyi iyenera kuchitidwa ndi nthaka yochepetsetsa ya nthaka. Kenaka, konzani feteleza kuti mubzalitse gooseberries: m'nthaka yachonde, onjezerani makilogalamu khumi a humus, 50 g wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate. Chomera chomera ichi chikhale chokwanira kwa zaka zingapo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati malowa ndi nthaka ya dongo, ndiye pokonzekera nthaka ya gooseberries muyenera kuwonjezera chidebe cha mchenga wa mtsinje.
Ngati mutabzala zomera zingapo, ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pawo ukhale mita, pakati pa mizera - mpaka mamita atatu.
Wakale-wazaka saplings ndi mizu 25-30 masentimita yaitali ndi oyenera kubzala. Gawo la nthaka liyenera kukhala ndi nthambi zingapo zamphamvu. Musanadzalemo chomera, mizu yake iyenera kulowetsedwa mu njira ya feteleza iliyonse imene imalimbikitsa kukula.
Tchire laling'ono la zomera liyenera kubzalidwa pangodya kuti mizu ikhale pansi pa nthaka; mizu iyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino. Thirani dziko lapansi, mzere uliwonse ukhale wozungulira ndi peyala ndi humus.
Kulowa masika
Kubzala jamu kumapeto kwa nyengo sikunali kosiyana ndi autumn. Ngati mukuganiza za kubzala gooseberries mu masika kapena autumn, ambiri wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuchita izi mu kugwa. Bzalidwa m'dzinja, jamu lidzakhazikika bwino, mphukira lidzakhala lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa tchire chobzala m'chaka.
Mukudziwa? Jamu amayamba kubereka zipatso m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi, ndipo fruiting yake imatha zaka 15.
Kodi malo oyenera kukwera ndi otani?
Jamu - kuwala kokonda chomera. Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kubzalidwa m'malo ozizira.
Sichikonda overmoistening (ayamba kuvunda mizu) ndi kulekerera chilala bwino. Gooseberries amafunika kubzalidwa m'malo ndi madzi otsika pansi, pafupifupi mamita 1.5 kuchokera pamwamba. Chomeracho chimafuna kubzala pamalo pomwe iwe ndi achibale anu mudzatha kusamalira icho chosasokonezeka. Kudulira chomera sikuyeneranso kukhala vuto kwa inu.
Ngati muli ndi malo pang'ono pa tsamba, ndiye Chomeracho chikhoza kubzalidwa pakati pa mitengo ya zipatso, koma pamtunda wa mamita awiri. Mukhozanso kuyendetsa pa mpanda - osachepera 1.5 mamita.
Jamu sakonda nthaka yochuluka kwambiri. Kutentha kwa nthaka sikuyenera kupitirira 6 Ph, ngati msinkhu uli wapamwamba, ndiye mandimu ayenera kuwonjezedwa ku nthaka - 200 g pa 1 mita imodzi. m
Kukonzekera ndi kubzala mbeu "kumpoto kwa mphesa"
Jamu silimafuna nthaka. Kuwonjezera pa dothi losavuta, samakonda kwambiri nthaka yamvula ndi yozizira. Ngati chomeracho chikukula pa dothi, ndiye kuti nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimasuka, komanso mumchenga, mchenga wofiira - kupanga feteleza.
Pambuyo poyeretsa mosamala nthaka yobzala, muyenera kukumbukira kuwonjezera fetereza. Kundani nthaka yachonde ndi manyowa, humus, kompositi mu chiŵerengero cha makilogalamu 4 pa 1 sq. Km. m chiwembu. Ngati dothi liri losauka, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Zikatero, zina urea (20-30 g), superphosphate (50 g), potaziyamu kloride (15-20 g) ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Kuti zitheke, dothi likakhala losauka, feteleza za feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku dzenje lakudzala. Ndi nthaka ya mchenga, dongo laikidwa pansi pa dzenje (mpaka 7 cm), ndi dothi - mchenga wa mtsinje.
Malamulo akusamalira gooseberries
Momwe mungasamalire gooseberries mu masika
Mu jamu, kukula nyengo kumayambiriro masika. Chomeracho chimamasula mu May, ndipo zipatso zimayamba kucha kumapeto kwa June mpaka August.
M'chaka, pamaso pa budding, mu nthaka pansi pa jamu ayenera kupanga mchere feteleza - potaziyamu, phosphorous, nayitrogeni. Panthawi imene masambawo atseguka, idyani nyemba kapena manyowa (12 kg pa chitsamba). Pa nthawiyi, nkofunikanso kuti muzitha kuika jamu ndi kukonzekera ku tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Against nsabwe za m'masamba, moths, sawfly gwiritsani ntchito sopo yankho ndi phulusa - 10 malita a madzi, 50 g sopo ndi 40 g wa sophwe phulusa kuti alimbikitse tsiku. Njirayi ndi sprayed pa chomera m'chaka, nthawi ya Mphukira.
Zimakhulupirira kuti Pakuti zitsamba zotsamba, nthawi yabwino yodulira ndikumayambiriro kasupe, koma kasupe kudulira kwa jamu kungakhale koopsa pa tsogolo lake. Chomeracho chimadzuka poyambirira kuposa ena: chisanu sichinasungunuke, ndipo jamuli latha kale masamba. Ndi bwino kudula gooseberries kumapeto kwa autumn, pamene chomera chiri chokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Ngati mukusowa mbande, muyenera kumasula pansi pa chitsamba, mugwiritsire ntchito feteleza, pangani tizilombo tochepa ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Kenaka m'magawowa mumakhala jekeseni 2 wa jamu, mutapyola mosamala m'nthaka yonyowa ndi kuyika pansi ndi ndowe. Mu kugwa mudzalandira mbande zofanana zomwe ziyenera kugawa m'magawo ndi kubzala.
Ndikofunikira! Jamu laling'ono (wa zaka ziwiri) limafuna kusamalira mosamala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, limafuna nthawi zambiri feteleza ndi kuthirira moyenera.
Chochita mu chilimwe
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zonse mumalira udzu, kumasula pansi pafupi ndi chitsamba (mpaka 10 masentimita) ndikumwa madzi mutatha kumasula. "Mpesa wa kumpoto" umalekerera chilala bwino, koma nthawi zotere zimayambitsa chinyezi kuchokera ku zipatso zake, masamba ndi mphukira, kotero, kuti chomeracho chisasokoneze chuma chake, nkofunika kuthirira bwino pa nthawi ya chilala.
Ndikofunikira!Gooseberries amafunika kuthiriridwa pazu, chifukwa akhoza kupeza powdery mildew.
Jamu, pamene limayamba kubala chipatso, limakhala ndi mbali zochepa za feteleza organic. Sakanizani 1: 1 kompositi, peat kapena manyowa pamodzi ndi nthaka ndikuyika chisakanizo pansi pa chitsamba cha "mphesa zakumpoto".
Kusamalira jamu mu kugwa
Kumayambiriro kwa autumn muyenera kuthirira udzu wa jamu kuchokera ku namsongole, kuchotsa zosiyanasiyana zowononga zakuda zomwe zasungidwa m'chilimwe. Pamene masamba agwa, ndifunikanso kuchotsa pafupi ndi jamu ndikuwotcha, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kukhalamo.
Komanso, Muyenera kupanga dothi la nthaka pafupi ndi chitsamba, limateteza chomera ku tizirombo.
M'dzinja, m'pofunika kuchiza chomera ndi fungicides ku dzimbiri, powdery mildew, ndi anthracnose.
Ndikofunika kuti apange zovala zapamwamba pa nthaka pa nthaka kukumba. Manyowa ndi fetashi feteleza ayenera kuikidwa mu kuvala - 30 g ya kukonzekera ayenera kugwiritsidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Asanayambe chisanu, m'pofunika kuika humus ndi peat mpaka 10 masentimita wandiweyani pansi pa chitsamba.
Kumapeto kwa autumn, pamaso woyamba chisanu, muyenera kudulira gooseberries Izi zidzathandiza pakupanga chitsamba chophulika komanso kuchotsa nthambi zakale ndi zoonongeka. Pambuyo kudulira kotere, mphukira zokhala ndi mipando 6 yolimba ziyenera kukhalabe kuthengo. Ichi ndi maziko a zokolola zabwino chaka chamawa.
Mu December, pamene chisanu choyamba chigwa, muyenera kuchiponya pansi pa jamu kuti muteteze motsutsana ndi chisanu chomwe chikubwera. Ngati nyengo yozizira ikulonjeza kuti ikhale ya chisanu, ndiye chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa ndi agrospan kapena zinthu zina zofanana.
Jamu Kuswana
Pali njira zambiri zobweretsera jamu. Mlimi aliyense amasankha imodzi yabwino kwa iye. Ambiri ndi otchuka ndiwo:
- Kubalanso poyika
- Kufalikira mwakutambasula zigawo
- Kuyala kwawunjika
- Lignified cuttings
- Green cuttings
- Kuphatikizidwa kwa cuttings
- Nthambi zosatha
- Kusiyana kwa chitsamba.
Lamulo lalikulu la kuswana kwa jamu ndilo kukhalapo kwa chonyowa pansi pa rooting zomera.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Nthawi yokolola ya jamu imadalira zosiyanasiyana. Chimake cha msonkhanowu chikugwera pa July-August. Ambiri a zipatso amakhwima nthawi imodzi, kotero kuti zokolola zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Pali magawo awiri a kukula kwa jamu: luso ndi ogula. Pokhala okhwima, Zipatso zoterezi ndi zabwino kwambiri kuphika kupanikizana, compote. Analowa mawonekedwe awo, nayamba kupeza mtundu wofanana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Koma zamkati zimakhala zowawa.
Kukula kwa ogulitsa - Izi ndi pamene berry yakhazikitsidwa bwino, mtundu wa chipatso umakhala wogwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana, kukoma ndi kokoma, ndi acidity wofatsa, peel crunches pansi pa mano.
Pafupipafupi, chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 8 kg ya zipatso.
Zosungirako zosungira zipatso zimadalira kukula kwake. Ngati zipatsozo zatha, ndiye kuti mukufunika kusonkhanitsa zipatso m'madzi mpaka 2.5 malita, ndipo amasungidwa kwa masiku 4. Zipatso zamakono zimatha kusungidwa kwa masiku 10 m'chipinda chozizira.
Zipatso za mitundu iŵiri ya kukhwima ziyenera kuuma ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kuti zisawonongeke. Mitengo yotenthayi imatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi 1.5. Mukhoza kuwonjezera masalefu kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ngati mukuwazira zipatso za mapepala apulasitiki.
Jamu - chomera chimene kulima sikukupangitsani mavuto, ndi kumusamalira, ndipo ngakhale kudula kumusangalatsa wamaluwa. Koma ndithudi adzakusangalatsani ndi zipatso zake zowutsa mudyo, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - kupanikizana ndi compotes.
