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Kuchotsa m'mimba mbeu za phwetekere musanadzalemo: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo bwino, ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungasankhe?

Konzekerani ndikukonzekera bwino mbeu - chitsimikiziro cha kumera mwamsanga ndi kukolola kwabwino. Nthanga za phwetekere zimafuna kukondweretsa kopadera, monga zili ndi inhibitors ndi mafuta ofunikira.

Agronomists amalangiza kuyamba kukonzekera nyengo ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Zina mwa njira zoyenerazi ndi kupeweratu mankhwala a phwetekere.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe mbeu ya phwetekere imatulutsa: Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa moyenera.

Kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafunikira chiyani?

Kutsekula m'mimba kapena kupiritsa matendawa ndi mankhwala a inoculum ndi mazokonzedwe osiyanasiyana. Cholinga cha njirayi ndi chiwonongeko cha mazira ndi mphutsi za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, bowa, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi pamwamba kapena mkati mwa mbewu. Kunyumba, kuti chithandizo cha mbewu isanayambe kufesa mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zigawo zosakanikirana (potaziyamu permanganate, peroxide), ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera (Fitosporin).

Kodi zotsatira zake ziyenera kuchitika bwanji?

Zotsatira za kuthira bwino bwino ndikuwonekera. Zotsatirazi ndi nambala yeniyeni ndi zotsatira zomwe zingapezeke.

  • Nyamato zokolola zimakula ndi 25-30%.
  • Zomera zosaoneka bwino komanso zazikulu.
  • Kuthamanga patsogolo chitukuko cha mbande.
  • Chitetezo cha mbande ku matenda.

Matenda 80% amafalikira kudzera mu mbewu ndi 20% kupyolera mu nthaka. Kuthetsa thupi kumathandiza kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndondomekoyi imatetezeranso mbewu kuchokera kumatenda omwe amakhala m'nthaka.

Mbeu iti iyenera kuwonongedwa musanagwiritsidwe ntchito?

Kutaya mbeu mwachitsulo si njira yovomerezeka. Iyenso iyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa si yoyenera mitundu yonse. Sitikufuna kutsekemera ndi kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala osakanizidwa kapena mitundu yambiri yobzalidwa.

Mukamagula, muyenera kumvetsera zolemberazi: Zingathe kulembedwa kuti mbewuzo zagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kapena kuikidwa mu kampeni yapadera yokhala ndi feteleza - kutayira matenda m'thupi kumakhala kovulaza. Disinfection imayambitsa chiwonongeko cha microflora, kuchepa chitetezo, kuchepa kwa khalidwe la kumera.

Onetsetsani kuti musakonzekere musanadzalemo mbewu:

  • kugula malo okayikitsa kapena pamsika pakulemera;
  • zowonjezereka;
  • zopezedwa ndi kusankha kwanu;
  • analandira kuchokera ku matenda matenda kapena ofooka baka.

Momwe mungayambitsire mankhwala: njira zoyenera

Kodi mungayiritse bwanji mankhwala a tomato musanadzalemo pansi? Njira zonse zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.

  • Yoyamba - youma disinfection. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yosavuta yomwe sichitigwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena alionse. Mbewu ya maola 1-2 kuti dzuwa litsegule. Bwerezani masiku 7. Pakati pa dzuwa, chitetezo cha dzuwa, sungani ndi kusankha mbeu. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa mbewu yomwe yasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali mumdima ndi ozizira. Dzuŵa limayambitsa kumera, limapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira ina yowonjezera dzuwa ndiyo nyali ya ultraviolet. Tsiku ndilokwanira kwa mphindi 2-3 za kulitsa kwa mbewu.
  • Gulu lachiwiri - kutaya thupi. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la potaziyamu permanganate, peroxide, boric acid, mkuwa sulphate kapena kukonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Ganizirani njira zowonjezereka zowononga mankhwala a phwetekere: potaziyamu permanganate, hydrogen peroxide ndi mankhwala, makamaka phytosporin, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino mbewuzo.

Potaziyamu permanganate

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikukonzekera kuchokera ku 1% kapena 1.5% manganese (1 mg ya mankhwala pa 1 l madzi). Kutentha kwa madzi abwino - Chifukwa cha madzi akuyenera kutembenuzira kuwala kofiira. Mbewu za tomato zimayikidwa kwa mphindi 10-15. Njira yowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imathandizanso kuti mbeu ya udzu winawake udye, nkhaka, nandolo. Pakuti kabichi, tsabola, biringanya ndi katsabola, anthu ambiri a manganese ayenera kukhala apamwamba.

Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbewuyo imatsukidwa bwino.. Kenaka ikhoza kuthiridwa kuti apitirize kumera kapena zouma kuti zisungidwe.

Hyrojeni peroxide

Chuma chothandiza cha madzi sikuti chimangoteteza matenda osokoneza bongo, komanso kuchepa kwa mmera kumera. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kukonzekera kwa yankho.

Kuchokera ku kukhuta ndi mlingo wa mankhwala kumatengera nthawi yokalamba ya mbatata.
  • Osakaniza 3% peroxide. Sungani mbewu kwa mphindi 10-20.
  • 2 tbsp. peroxide mpaka 0,5 malita a madzi. Siyani maola 10-12.
  • 2 tbsp. pa 1 l madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito maola 24.

Zamoyo

Dzina ndi ndemanga yaifupiNtchito MalangizoMtengo
Phytosporin. Uyu ndi wothandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwalawa ndi opanda poizoni, kulowera ku phytosporine amaloledwa ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazizira zosiyanasiyana. Ipezeka mu mawonekedwe a phala, madzi kapena ufa.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zosiyana za kukula kwa chitsamba (kuchokera ku mbeu yolepheretsa kuteteza maluwa ndi zipatso).
  1. Powder. Kwa disinfection pansi 1 tsp sungunulani mu 100 ml ya madzi. Mphindi 2 maola musanadzalemo.
  2. Pasitala 2 g pa madzi okwanira theka. Nthawi yogwira ntchito - maola awiri.
  3. Zamadzi. Kugulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe okonzeka kapena oyikirapo (madontho khumi pa galasi la madzi).
  • Pasitala - kuchokera 30 rubles pa 100 g.
  • Powder - kuchokera ku ruble 45 (100 g).
  • Zamadzimadzi - kuchokera ku 70 rubles (70 ml).
Baikal EM. Madzi otentha kwambiri. Zopangidwezo zili ndi yisiti, lactic acid, photosynthetic, zinthu zokonza nayitrogeni.Kutsekula m'mimba kwa mbeu, kukhuta ndi michere ya kukula ndi fruiting. Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo cha zitsamba za phwetekere kuchokera ku zowononga nthawi zonse zomera zimaloledwa.Sakanizani maola awiri musanagwiritse ntchito. Chiwerengero cha 1: 1000 (pa lita imodzi ya lita imodzi ya mankhwala atatu).Kuchokera pakubweya 250 kwa 40 ml.

Zolakwika Zachizolowezi

Kulakwitsa kwachizolowezi - kunyengerera kusanachitike. Kuthetsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, calcination, Kutentha, kuzizira, kuphulika - mafupipafupi a njirazi sangathe kuima mbewuzo ndikufa.

Mbewu imaloledwa kukhala ndi njira zokha zokha zokhazokha zowonjezera ma disinfection.

Agronomists ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti kumera kosauka kapena kusakhala kwathunthu ndiko chifukwa cha kutaya thupi koyenera kapena kutuluka. Ndipotu, mbande sizingamere pazifukwa zina:

  • nthaka yolemetsa;
  • kulimbika kwakukulu kwa mbewu;
  • kutentha kotentha;
  • mkulu wa acidity wa nthaka;
  • dampness

Kuwonjezera pa kuchitidwa bwino kwa matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkofunika kuti tisaiwale za zomwe zimachitika ndi zochitika - dothi lopangidwa, kutentha, kulima magetsi. Kugwirizana ndi zofunika zofunika - chitsimikizo cha mphukira zabwino.

Kotero Mbeu ya disinfection ndi njira yovomerezeka koma yosayenera. Ndikofunikira kuti muzithetse kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mkati kapena pamwamba pa mbeu. Pogwiritsa ntchito, potaziyamu permanganate, ntchito ya hydrogen peroxide, biologics imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu yowonjezera yosakaniza yosakaniza safuna kuwonongeka.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa