Matenda a Fusarium ndi matenda owopsa omwe amafunika chithandizo cham'tsogolo. Ngati simukulimbana ndi matendawa, mbewu ya phwetekere idzatayika kwathunthu.
Zizindikiro ndi zoyambitsa phwetekere fusarium
Chomera chopatsirana chimatha kuzindikirika ndi zizindikiro zingapo, pakati pawo pali kupukuta, kupotoza ndi masamba akugwa. Chitsamba chimayamba kuvunda kuyambira pansipa, mizu yaying'ono itakhudzidwa. Zomera zimafota ndikufa.
Chikhalidwe chamasamba chitha kupezeka ndi izi:
- kudzala kachulukidwe;
- chinyezi chambiri;
- kusowa kwa kuwala;
- mbewu yodwala
- Mlingo wosayenera wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Mafangayi amalowa mmera kudzera mabala ndi ming'alu. Mankhwalawa akayamba msanga, pamakhala mwayi woti akuchira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndizosatheka kuchotsa fusarium ya phwetekere. Matenda osachiritsika amatha kuimitsidwa.
Kuzindikira matendawa si kovuta: ingopangitsani tsinde la mbewuyo. Ngati tomato akhudzidwa ndi Fusarium, mitsempha yofiirira ndi yachikaso imawonekera pamadulidwe.
Njira zopewera
Matenda nthawi zonse ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa. Fusariosis ya tomato ndiyosiyana ndi izi. Mndandanda wa njira zodzitetezera ndikuphatikiza:
- kutsatira kasinthidwe ka mbewu. Ngati gawo la nyumba silimasiyana m'dera lalikulu, nthaka yomwe ili pakama iyenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Zomera zomwe zidatchulidwa sizingabzalidwe pambuyo pa mbatata, sitiroberi ya m'munda, chrysanthemums, phlox, mbewu zina kuchokera ku banja laling'ono;
- kusakhazikika kwa mbewu. Mbewu ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides ndi benzimidazoles. Izi zikuphatikiza Benazol ndi Fundazol. Mchipinda momwe muli mbande, mulingo woyenera kutentha uyenera kusamalidwa (osapitirira +25 ° C);
- kulima nthaka. Mukakolola, malowo amayenera kutsukidwa ndi zotsalira zonse ndikakumba. Chapakatikati, dothi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate). Fusarium imatha kupewedwa kudzera m'miyala, ufa wa dolomite, phulusa la nkhuni ndi sulufule;
- kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha tomato. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito Trichodermin. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya mankhwalawa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa madzi a Effekton.
Wosamalira mundawo asayiwale za kuthirira koyenera komanso microclimate. Yotsirizayi imakhudzanso tomato yomwe yalimidwa mu wowononga. Pamalo oteteza, chinyezi sayenera kupitirira 60%. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa pazomwe zimapangidwa ndi tomato. Mitundu yakucha imakhala yocheperako kuposa mitundu ina yomwe ingatengeke. Amalimbana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Mukamasankha tomato kuti mubzale, ndikofunikira kuganizira malo omwe mumabzala, nyengo yam'deralo, ndi momwe dothi lophimbira.
Fusarium zosagwira phwetekere mitundu
Pakati pa msewu, olima maluwa amakonda mitundu iyi:
- Bobcat
- Kalonga wamng'ono;
- Cameo;
- Kusangalatsa;
- Wankhondo wapadzuwa;
- Magetsi aku Moscow;
- Kudzaza koyera 241;
- Kaloti.
Mndandandawu ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu monga Gnome, Tsar Peter, Budenovka, Dubrava, De Barao.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo motsutsana ndi Fusarium
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha matenda, palibe chizindikiro pa chitsamba. Kusintha kwodziwikiratu kumadziwika pambuyo pakugonjetsedwa kwa mawonekedwe apakati a chomera nthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso. Zochizira phwetekere, mankhwalawa oyambira ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, makamaka fungicides, amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zachilengedwe
Njira zochokera pagululi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza. M'mapangidwe awo mulibe zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku mankhwala. Sizivulaza mbewu ndipo ndizotetezeka kwathunthu kwa anthu. Bonasi yowonjezera yazinthu zachilengedwe ndizothandiza pamtunda.
Tomato amakonzedwa ndi Previkur, Trichodermin, Phytosporin, Pseudobacterin-2, Trichocin, Planriz, Alirin-B, Gamair ndi Bactofit.
Kuti mukwaniritse bwino, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika ngati:
- kutentha kwa mpweya kusatsika kuposa +18 ° ะก;
- Chinyezi chimasiyana kuchokera pa 65 mpaka 70%.
Pokonzekera njira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kuthirira, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi kakhalidwe kosavuta: 10 g ya mankhwalawa ikuyenera kugwera pa malita 10 amadzimadzi. Kuchuluka kwa mowa ndi 500 ml pa 1 m2.
Zamapangidwe
Ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masabata angapo asanatulutse tomato. Kukonzekera kotsatirako ndikotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa:
- Vectra;
- Falcon;
- Fundazole;
- Previkur;
- Strekar;
- Benazole
Ntchito yolumikizana imadziwika ndi Abiga Peak, Khom ndi Bordeaux fluid. Sangathandizike polimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus ngati samalowa kwambiri m'maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, wosamalira mundawo asayiwale za zoletsa zina. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso zomwe zimakonzedwa ndizoletsedwa.
Zomera zimaphulika kuchokera ku mfuti yosemedwa bwino. Masamba a phwetekere amakonzedwa mbali zonse ziwiri.
Zithandizo za anthu
Sizingathandize ngati fusarium wilt ya tomato ikupita patsogolo nthawi yayitali. Pakapita nthawi, chithandizo chilichonse sichikhala chothandiza. Mutha kuchepetsa kudwala pogwiritsa ntchito:
- phulusa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fumbi lachifumu ndikukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwamankhwala. Kuti apange izi, wolima adzafunika malita 10 a madzi ndi kapu imodzi ya phulusa. Chitsamba chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi 500 ml ya mawuwo. Tomato amakonzedwa pa maluwa ndi zipatso;
- tincture wa adyo. Chinsinsi ndi chosavuta. Adyo wosankhidwa (amatenga mutu umodzi wokha) amathiridwa ndi madzi okwanira. Pambuyo pa kusakaniza kumatsalira kokha kwa maola 24. Kenako imaphatikizidwa ndi malita 10 amadzi oyera. Kukhesa kumachitika sabata;
- seramu. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa. Mankhwalawa amakonzedwa kuchokera ku lita imodzi ya mkaka, madontho 20 a ayodini ndi 10 malita a madzi. Tomato amafunika kutsanulira tsiku lililonse, makamaka madzulo.
Ndikovuta kuthetsa zizindikiro za fusarium. Ngati njira wowerengeka sizinathandize, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Ngakhale zili ndi zoopsa, zimakhala ndi mphamvu.
Ngati wolima dimba, pakukonzekera tchire, osanyalanyaza malangizo a opangawo komanso njira zopewera ngozi, ngozi ya zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zochepa.
