Mbatata ya mbatata m'munda: Mitambo yambiri yamkulira m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia

Mzu wotere monga mbatata siwotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu, choncho, agronomists samakula nthawi zambiri. Komabe, alipo ena amene amasankha kuphika mbale ku mbatata.

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi mudzaphunziranso za mbatata: kodi ndizotheka kukula mmera ku dacha ku Moscow kuchokera ku sitolo ya sitolo, kodi ikukula bwanji m'madera ena a Russian Federation, ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe zimapangidwira mbatata zokongoletsa?

Mbali za kulima mbatata ndi kusiyana kwa mbewu zina

Chomera ichi chimaonedwa kuti n'chosasamala pa nthaka, koma kutentha kumakhala kosalekeza. Mzu wa masamba amawoneka ngati mbatataKomabe, sizimenyedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga omwe ndi enieni kwa banja la nightshade. Chifukwa cha udzu wambiri komanso wolimba kwambiri, yamsongole samakula msinkhu, kupatulapo mapepalawa amathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yowuma kwambiri.

Ambiri amakana kukula mbewuyi chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, koma maganizowa ndi olakwika. Pali mitundu yochepa, yomwe kukoma kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi mbatata komanso mchere.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji zoyenera kubzala?

Chigawo chimodzi cha mitundu ya mbewuyi sichikupezekabe. Zimadziwika kuti padziko lapansi pali mitundu pafupifupi 7,000.

Agronomist ayenera kusankha zosiyanasiyana malingana ndi cholinga cha kulima. ndi makhalidwe a muzu. Choncho, muyenera kuganizira zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• mtundu wa mbatata: mchere, ndiwo zamasamba kapena chakudya (mitundu imeneyi imatchulidwa kuti iwononge kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa iwo);
• chopereka;
• Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a masamba ndi mbewu zakuzu;
• kulondola kwa tuber mapangidwe;
• Nthawi yakucha - oyambirira, sing'anga kapena mochedwa.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimasonyezedwa papepala ndi mbewu, kotero katswiriyu akhoza kusankha yekha mtundu woyenera.

Kodi ndikuti ndigule mbewu zingati?

Kuwonetsa ndalama kudzawonetsedwa ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. Zili zovuta kupeza mbewu kapena zipatso za mbatata kuti zibzalidwe ku Russia. Kawirikawiri, alimi amapanga mbeu pamasitolo. Ndipo nthawi zina amapanga malamulo kunja kwa dziko lawo, popeza m'mayiko a ku Ulaya kusiyana kwa chikhalidwechi ndi kwakukulu.

Pali njira yosinthira pakati pa batatovodami. Kawirikawiri amafufuzidwa pazitukuko.

Ngati wolima masamba amatha kupeza zinthu zobzala, mtengo wa kudula umodzi umasiyanitsa pakati pa 50 mpaka 70 rubles pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyika kwa mbeu ya masekeli 10 kudzagula ruble 180-250. Tubers zodzikuza zimakhala zochepa mtengo - 20-30 rubles wina.

Malangizo a Gawo ndi Gawo: Engineering Engineering m'munda

Kubalanso muzu wa tubers

Chenjerani! Zomwe zachitikira agronomists musati amalangiza kubzala lonse tubers mwachindunji mu nthaka, chifukwa cha yaitali kukula nyengo, tubers sadzakhala ndi nthawi yakucha ndi kubzala mbewu.

Ndi bwino kumera muzu ndi kubzala cuttings.

Yambani kayendedwe ka kumera mu March. Pali njira zambiri za kugwiritsira ntchito.

1. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi kuika masamba osapitirira theka m'nthaka, madzi bwino ndikuiika pamalo owala. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala osachepera maola 12-13 pa tsiku, ndipo nthaka iyenera kukhala yochepa nthawi zonse yonyowa. Pambuyo pa sabata la kumera, mbeu yoyamba idzawoneka pa mizu, imene zipatsozo zidzakula.

   Poyamba, mungathe kuchita popanda dothi. Zokwanira kukulunga tuber mu nsalu yonyowa kapena nsalu. Ndipo mungathe kutsuka tuber ndi madzi musanayambe kudulidwa. Komabe, mwamsanga pamene mphukira zoyamba zituluka, yam yafunikanso kuikidwa pansi.

2. Njira ina yoyamera ndiyoika tuber mu kapu yamadzi. Ndikoyenera kukumba muzu mbewu pafupifupi 2-3 centimita. Mizu yambiri imapangidwa pansi, ndi cuttings kuchokera pamwamba. Kumbukirani kuti muzu wa masamba sungakhale wotalika kuposa mwezi mu madzi, mwinamwake pali mwayi wovunda.

Timapereka mavidiyo othandiza okhudza kutulutsa yam yam ndi tubers:

Mbewu

Rassadny njira

Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupeza mbewu kunyumba, chifukwa m'madera athu ammadzi samakhala pachimake.

Bzalani mbewu za mbande ziyenera kumapeto kwa January.

1. Musanafese, onetsetsani kuti mukuthira mbewu mumadzi ofunda kwa maola 24.
2. Ndiye iwo amachiritsidwa mu ofooka njira ya manganese, ndiyeno mbewu zonse zouma.
3. Dothi la kukula kwa mbande liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi, ndilofunika kugula gawo lapansi lokonzedwa bwino. Asanagwiritsire ntchito, ayenera kuwonongeka ndi kuyika nthaka mu uvuni, kutenthetsa madigiri 200, kwa mphindi 30-40.
4. Grooves amapangidwa mu nthaka ndi kuya kwa masentimita 1-1.5 ndipo mbewu zimayikidwa mwa iwo patali wa masentimita imodzi.
5. Zomwe zimabzala zimathiriridwa bwino ndipo zimayikidwa pamalo opepuka, zophimbidwa ndi zojambulazo.

Mbewu yosungira mbeu nthawi yomweyo kuti mutsegule pansi

Kwa njira iyi ya kulima, ndi bwino kusankha zakudya zoyamba kucha, popeza ndikofunika kudzala mbewu pamalo otseguka pambuyo pa ngozi ya chisanu.

Mbewu imasinthidwa mofanana ndi momwe zingakhazikitsire.

Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa komanso kuthiridwa.. Mbewu imadzizidwa ku kuya kwa masentimita 3-4. Zonsezi zimathiriridwa ndi madzi okhazikika, koma osati ozizira. Cholinga chachikulu cha filimu.

Chisamaliro

• Mbande ndi cuttings zikhoza kusamutsidwa kutseguka, pomwe kutalika kwa njirayi kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 25. Mlengalenga ayenera kuyaka moto kufika madigiri 25 Celsius. Pamene mpweya umakhala woziziritsa, mabedi ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo.
• Mbewu izi zidzakula bwino mu nthaka iliyonse. Koma ndibwino kumasula pafupifupi 15-20 masentimita. Kenaka yikani humus, potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate - kuchepetsa masewero khumi kufika pa malita a madzi.
• Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti ziphuphu zisayambe mizu mu internodes. Kuti tichite izi, nkofunika kukweza mipesa pa bedi lililonse ndikudula mizu yopanga.
• Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa August, muyenera kuzungulira kumtunda kwa zilonda zamtunduwu - kusokoneza koteroko kumathandiza kuti tubers zikhale zazikulu.
• Mbatata imatengedwa ngati mbeu yolekerera chilala. Choncho, kumwa kawirikawiri kumafunika mwezi woyamba mutabzala. Pambuyo panthawiyi, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa kamodzi pa khumi. Masiku 15-20 musanayambe kukolola kuti musamawononge nthaka sikofunikira. Mukangoyamba kuthira nthaka, iyenera kumasulidwa kuti pasakhale mitundu yozizira.
• Mu nthawi yogwira kukula kwa tubers, yomwe imapezeka kuzungulira August, mbatata amafunikira kudyetsa zina ndi fetashi feteleza. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la phulusa. Ikonzekera motere: magalasi awiri a phulusa phulusa amasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi ndipo amaphatikizapo masiku asanu ndi awiri, pamene akuyambitsa nthawi zonse. Madzi a lita imodzi yothetsera chitsamba chilichonse.

Kodi zimalimbikitsidwa bwanji m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia?

Zolakwika

1. Mapangidwe a zina rhizomes. Ngati tilola mizu kukula pa zikwapu zabodza, mzu waukulu udzakhala wosauka. Izi zimachepetsa zokolola.
2. Mbeu zosauka bwino. Pa kukula kwa cuttings, muyenera kupereka kuwala kochepa komanso kutentha ngati n'kotheka.
3. Zotsatira za kubzala cuttings.
4. Kupanda kusungunuka pamadzi otentha.
5. Malo oyipa - simungabzala yam yam pafupi ndi chimanga ndi soya.
6. Kupezeka kwa makoswe pamalo omwe angathe kuwononga mbewu.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Zokolola ziyenera kukhala m'nyengo youma. Izi zimachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Ngati nthaka inali yonyowa, mizu yokolola iyenera kuuma. Sungani mbatata kumalo owuma.amene kutentha kwake kumakhala 10-15 digiri Celsius.

Palibe zoopsa mukumera kwa mbewu zowonongeka - zikhoza kudyetsedwa, ndipo zingasiyidwe kubzala chaka chamawa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Chifukwa chakuti mbatata ndi "alendo," matenda ambiri ndi tizilombo toonongeka m'dera lathu saopseza mizu imeneyi. Koma ena a iwo amafika ku mizu.

• Cheesebone. Pofuna kulimbana nawo, mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbeuyo ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mbali zina zotsala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipo mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochizira: sopo yankho ndi mandimu ndi adyo. 50 magalamu a sopo wamadzi osakaniza ndi madzi a theka lamu ndi kuwonjezera 5 cloves ophwanyika a adyo. Phulani maim kangapo patsiku la masiku 2-3.
• Mungapeze kachilomboka. Kulimbana nalo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa peel anyezi (chiŵerengero cha mankhusu ndi madzi - 1: 3). Pitirizani masiku asanu ndikupopera mbewu nthawi yonse yokula. Ngati njira zachikhalidwe sizikuthandizani, muyenera kupita ku mankhwala ngati "Fitoverm" ndi "Actofit."
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzathandizanso kuthana ndi nthenda zamagulu, whitefly, dzombe ndi wireworms.
• Pa matenda a mbatata, chofala kwambiri ndi mwendo wakuda. Malo okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kenaka musinthe mbali za chisamaliro: kuchepetsa moisten nthaka, komanso kuchepetsa acidity mwa liming. Malowa ayenera kusankhidwa bwino mpweya wokwanira ndi kuyatsa.

Kupewa kutuluka kwa matenda ndi tizilombo tizilombo ndikutsatira ndondomeko zonse zowonjezera ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yake.

Batat ndi yachilendo kwa zigawo zathu. Komabe, ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza ndi zinthu zomwe zidakali zofunikira kuyesa kukula muzu wazitsamba.