Momwe mungapangire makina oyendetsa pakhomo

Famu yaikulu iliyonse ndi yaing'ono ya ziweto imafunikira zipangizo zothandizira zamakono, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina osungira katundu. Komabe, si abusa onse angathe kudzitama kuti azigula mafakitale amakono.

Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri adzipanga zozizwitsa pazinthu zonse zofunikira kuchokera ku njira zopindulitsa.

M'nkhani ino tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zazikulu ndi zovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanga makina ndi manja athu, komanso kugawana zinsinsi zosankha zipangizo zapamwamba.

Kodi makina oyendetsa katundu amatani?

Makina oyendetsa galimoto ndi chipangizo chokhalira mkaka kuchokera ku udzu wa ng'ombe. Zitsulo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsitsimula. Pambuyo pogwirizanitsa nsonga yopita ku udder (kapu ya teat), imapanga zinthu zosaoneka bwino m'mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha izi, mkaka, motsogoleredwa ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu, mphamvu yokoka imatulutsidwa panja.

Mu ntchito ya unit yotereyi, maulendo angapo amaperekedwa, pakati pawo pali:

• makina awiri okhwima - zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito motsatira ndondomeko ya kuchotsa njinga ndi mpumulo wamfupi kapena kubwezeretsa ndi kupanikizika. Pachiyambi choyamba, chotupa chimapangidwira pakati pa chikho cha teat ndi udder, chomwe chimatulutsa mkaka. Pamene gawo lina la mkaka limalowa mu makina, kusiyana kwa kuchepa kumachepetsanso ndipo kuyimitsa kumaima, pamene kusungunuka kwapuma mu galasi. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, atasiya kuyamwa pampikisano wa chikho, mkati mwake ndi chisokonezo cha m'mlengalenga chimatha;
• makina atatu okhwima - zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njinga zamakono zomwe zimachitika pothandizira, kupanikizika ndi kupuma. Pambuyo pogwirizanitsa chipangizochi, chivundikiro chimapangidwa pakati pa chikho cha teat ndi udder, chomwe chimatulutsa mkaka. Pambuyo pake pamakhala kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kenaka kupweteka kwachitatu kumayambira - kupumula (kuyesa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga ndi kukakamizidwa mkati mwa teat Cup).

Mukudziwa? Chombo choyamba chopukuta chinsalu chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1859 ndi John Kingman yemwe anali woyambitsa zatsopano.

Ambiri omwe amakonda kwambiri kubereka ng'ombe ndi mitundu itatu yokha. Ndi chithandizo chawo, n'zotheka kuchotsa mkaka wonse mosalekeza komanso mosavuta popanda kuvulaza udzu. Komabe, kupweteka kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe kotereku ndikofunika mtengo, komanso kukonzanso zovuta poyerekeza ndi ziwalo ziwiri.

Momwe mungapangire makina okhwima ndi manja anu

Ngakhale kuti zovuta zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zodziwika bwino za ndondomekoyi, zipangizozo sizinali zovuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zipangizo kuchokera ku njira zosakonzedwera ndi zigawo zochokera ku sitolo yapafupi. Koma kuti mupange chipangizo chowoneka bwino komanso chapamwamba kwambiri, choyamba muyenera kugwirizanitsa ndi zigawo zake zazikulu ndi zikuluzikulu za msonkhano.

Kupanga

Musanakhazikitse mapangidwe omaliza, mlimi aliyense ayenera kupanga mapulogalamu onse a chipangizocho, njira zotheka kuzikweza ndi zina za chipangizocho. Pazinthu izi, muyenera kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane zojambula zofunikira za mafakitale otchuka kwambiri.

Njira zamakono zamakono zogwirira ntchito zikuphatikizapo magulu otsatirawa:

• mpweya wotseguka wa magetsi;
• kukonza zovuta;
• mphamvu yamagetsi (mawotchi, magetsi kapena mtundu wolemba).

Komanso, malo osungirako katundu akuphatikizapo:

• mpweya wotulutsa;
• pulsator;
• kupachika mfundo;
• thanki la mkaka wosonkhanitsa;
• mapulogalamu ophatikizira;
• mizere yopangira mkaka.

Mukudziwa? Kwa mkaka, ng'ombeyo idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, choncho ndi imodzi mwa nyama zakale kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chipangizo choterechi sichikhoza kukhazikitsidwa, popeza ambiri sitingadzitamande ndi mauthenga osiyanasiyana. Ngakhalenso pakupezeka kwapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri, kupanga pakhomo sikungalole kuti apamwamba azipanga zinthu zofunikira za injini ndi machitidwe ena. Ndicho chifukwa chake njira yabwino kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale msonkhano wodziimira wa milking chomera ku mafakitale a fakitale.

Kusankhidwa kwa zigawo zofunika

Kusankhidwa kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa magawo akuluakulu opanga makina opangira machitidwe. Panthawiyi, muyenera kusamala bwino ndi zinthu zonse za zipangizo zina, popeza osati kokha kogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo cham'tsogolo, komanso kukhazikika kwake kumadalira pa izo.

Kuonjezerapo, gawoli ndilofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri, popeza ndilo kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo zoperekera zomwe zingathe kuwonetsa zopindulitsa komanso zopindulitsa za ndalama za makina opanga mankhwala.

Fufuzani ngati makina oyendetsa bwino ndi abwino, komanso kuti mudziwe bwino momwe makinawa amagwiritsira ntchito ngati AID 2.

Mapampu ndi magalimoto

Mapulogalamu ndi magalimoto ndiwo mtima wa magetsi. Kupambana kwa mkaka wonse wa mkaka kumadalira ntchito yawo yabwino, yapamwamba kwambiri. Pamsika pali mitundu yambiri ya mapampu komanso ma injini ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka pakhomo.

Posankha mayunitsiwa, choyamba, tcherani khutu kwa opanga makono omwe akuyesedwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kukhala ndi zitsanzo zopangira malipiro amtengo wapatali, zimakhala bwino ndi chiŵerengero chabwino cha mtengo wapatali, komanso mtengo wotsika mu utumiki wothandizira. Chisamaliro choyenera chiyenera kulipidwa ku mphamvu ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mpope ndi injini. Kwa minda yaing'onoting'ono, makina amphamvu okhwima sali oyenerera, chifukwa sagwirizana ndi ndalama zotsiriza. Ngati kulibe ng'ombe ziwiri pa famu, zida zokhala ndi pafupifupi 0,5 kW zidzakhala zabwino koposa.

Machitidwe amphamvu oposa 4 kW kapena ochulukirapo amadzipangira okha m'minda yamapiri omwe amatha kusambira pamene akugwiritsa ntchito nyama zoposa 10 pa nthawi.

Zogwira ntchito, mapampu ali a mitundu iwiri - kupuma ndi mafuta. Mapampu a mafuta sakusankhidwa kuti asamangidwe. Amapanga phokoso lambiri, komanso amafunikanso kusintha kayendedwe ka mafuta m'dongosolo.

Kuonjezera apo, mu mapampu amenewa, patapita nthawi, kuyima kwa tanki ya mafuta kutayika, komwe kungapangitse kufooka ndi ukhondo wa dongosolo lonse. Mosiyana ndi mafuta, mpweya wotsukira umakhala chete, wosasamala pantchito ndi kukonza.

Mukudziwa? Asanayambe kupanga makina oyendetsa mchere m'kati mwa theka la XIX, makapu apadera a kathethala anaikidwa mu udder kuti apange njira yowunikira ng'ombe, kuti mkaka uchotsedwe ndi mphamvu yokoka. Komabe, njirayi nthawi zambiri imathera ndi mastitis.

Mphuno yopachika

Msonkhano wotsutsa - ichi ndi gawo la makina osungira katundu, omwe sali oyenera kupulumutsa. Tsamba ili liri ndi zida zingapo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zinyama, choncho zotsika mtengo sizingangowonongetsa ng'ombe, komanso zimavulaza. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumangoganizira za opanga okha omwe adziwonetsera okha kumsika. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kufufuza bwinobwino ndemanga zonse zomwe zilipo pa intaneti.

Kuwonjezera apo, posankha zinthu zachisimidwe choyimitsa, muyenera kumvetsera:

• Mtundu wa makapu a teat - ziyenera kuwonekera bwino, zidzakuthandizira kuwonetsetsa njira yochotsera mkaka kuchokera ku udder;
• khalidwe la mphira - Zida zonse za mphira za bungwe lokhazikitsidwa liyenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono komanso zopanda poizoni;
• fasteners magalasi - magalasi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi makapu okuda otentha a silicone, izi zikhoza kutulutsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi mphamvu yochepa ya injini ndi mapulogalamu.

Onaninso momwe mungamwetse ng'ombe molondola komanso kangati.

Otsutsa ndi osonkhanitsa

Kusankha kwa osuta ndi osonkhanitsa ndi nkhani ya zokonda zanu, kotero posankha zinthu izi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malangizowo a ogulitsa m'sitolo ndi zochitika zanu. Pa msika pali zitsanzo za zakunja ndi zoweta.

Kumadera akumidzi amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuvala, pamene zoweta zimakhala zotsika mtengo ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusunga, choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zofuna zawo pankhaniyi, komanso kukula kwa bajeti.

Kuonjezera apo, pali magulu awiri osiyana pamsika, komanso amitundu amodzi ndi amodzi omwe amasonkhanitsa. Mitengo yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kuikamo ndi kusunga ndiyo opsocollectors. Iwo ali ndi zofunikira zonse zamakono, kuphatikizapo kupweteka kosavuta ndi kosavuta, komwe sikungapindulike pakuika osiyana ndi pulsator ndi osonkhanitsa. Chifukwa cha izi, mothandizidwa ndi wosonkhanitsa pulsed, n'zotheka kubweretsa chikho cha mkaka pafupi ndi chilengedwe.

Chabwino, izi zimathandizanso pa zizindikiro za mkaka, komanso zimathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi wa ng'ombe ikudwala ndi mastitis.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamaweta ng'ombe, nkofunika kutsatira mosamala malamulo onse omwe alipo, mwinamwake njirayi ikhoza kuwononga thanzi la nyama.

Zida zina

Zina zowonjezera pa makina oyendetsa zinthu nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo tangi yoyamba ya mkaka, komanso mapangidwe okhwima ndi mapepala akuluakulu. Ndikofunika kuyandikira kusankha kosankha.

Malingana ndi iwo, mkaka uyenera kutengedwera ku chidebe choyambirira, choncho ayenera kupanga molimba, osagonjetsedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo osakhala ndi poizoni. Apo ayi, mbali ya poizoni ikhoza kusonkhanitsa mkaka, ndipo izi ndi njira yeniyeni yotsutsira mankhwala onse.

Zakudya zoyambirira za mkaka zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zofuna zawo komanso ndalama zomwe zingatheke. Zitsulo zoterezi ndi pulasitiki kapena zitsulo (zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zitsulo zotayidwa). Zonsezi zili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake:

• Zida zotchedwa aluminium zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchepa ndi kuchepa, komabe patapita nthawi, chitsulocho chidzakanizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aluminiyamu azisakaniza mkaka;
• Chitsulo chosapanga chimayambitsa mauthenga achinyengo ndipo chimakhala cholimba, koma zoterezi zimakhala zovuta chifukwa cholemera kwambiri;
• Kalasi ya zakudya ya pulasitiki ndi yopepuka ndipo imayambitsa chakudya chilichonse, koma m'kupita kwanthawi imang'amba ndi kugwa pansi podetsa nkhawa.

Msonkhano

Zigawo zazikulu za msonkhano wa makina oyendetsa nyumba:

1. Sungani pompani ndi injini kuzinyamula zolimba ndi mgwirizano wa bolt.
2. Sinthani magalimoto pakati pa mpope ndi galimoto.
3. Mangani chinsalu choteteza plywood kapena puloteni kuzungulira pompani ndi injini kuti muteteze ku dothi komanso fumbi.
4. Onetsetsani mitsuko ya mphira ya kutalika kwa mpope; mkaka udzatengedwera kupyola mu chidebe chachikulu.
5. Gwiritsani ntchito pulse collector ku phula.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu yapakati pa pulsator.
7. Gwiritsani ntchito chivindikiro cha sitima yachitsulo ndikuikapo valve yodula mkati mwake.

Ndikofunikira! Mafuti pa makina osakaniza sayenera kukhala ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa izi zidzakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chipangizochi. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi misewu ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mamita 2.

Zodzikongoletsera kapena Zogula

Musanagwiritse ntchito kugula zigawo zikuluzikulu za makina osungirako magetsi, m'pofunika kuyesa zonse zomwe zimakhala bwino komanso zodetsa za chipangizochi, komanso kuthekera kwake. Kukonzekera mosadziwika kwa zipangizo nthawi zonse sikoyenera kugula zipangizo zopangidwa kale. Magaziniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri pamene msonkhano womaliza udzafuna ndalama pazinthu zina zowonjezera, komanso ntchito ya katswiri.

Zopindulitsa zazikulu za makina ojambula:

• mtengo wochepa wa unit (paokha-msonkhano);
• luso lodzipangira zipangizo paokha, pa polojekiti yaumwini;
• dongosolo limatsirizidwa pambali pa zosowa zaumwini ndi zofunikira;
• chipangizochi chingathe kutumikiridwa pandekha.

Pezani njira zomwe mukukonzekera ndi mitundu ya mkaka wa ng'ombe, komanso zomwe zili zothandiza komanso zovulaza.

Zoipa za makina oyendetsa makina:

• palibe chitsimikizo cha ubwino wa dongosolo mu zokolola;
• Kukonzekera kwa dongosolo kumafuna kudziwa zambiri ndi luso;
• kuchepa kwa ndalama zotsiriza (pamtengo wogwira ntchito ya katswiri wa msonkhano);
• Kuika munthu pazigawo zikuluzikulu kumafuna munthu aliyense njira zothetsera mavuto.

Ubwino waukulu wa makina oyendetsa mafakitale:

• Chidziwitso chokwanira cha chipangizocho chikutsimikiziridwa ndi zilembo zoyenera;
• Chidziwitso cha wogulitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira bwino;
• chipangizocho chakonzeka kwathunthu kuntchito;
• kukongola ndi zokongoletsa.

• mtengo wapatali;

• Njira zamakono za chipangizocho silingaganizire zosowa za ogula;
• Utumiki nthawi zambiri umafuna kutumiza katswiri kuchokera kuchipatala chautumiki;
• kukonzanso mtengo wothandizira ndi kusamalira.

Ndikofunikira! Musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizo cha nyama, nkofunika kukonzekera phokoso, chifukwa chaichi, kuikidwa kwa masiku angapo nthawi ndi nthawi kumaphatikizapo mphindi 10-15. Apo ayi, ng ombe ikhoza kusokoneza mwamphamvu makina opanga.

Makina oyendetsera katundu ndi chipangizo chofunikira komanso chofunikira pa ulimi wamakono wamakono. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa famu, komanso kukhazikitsa mkaka wosasokonekera.

Mapangidwe ake ndi osavuta, omwe amakulolani kupanga chipangizo ngakhale ndi manja anu. Koma kuti chipangizo choterocho chikwaniritse zofunikira zamakono zamakono, muyenera kuyandikira osati zosankha zokhazokha, komanso msonkhano wa dongosolo.