Kubeletsa ndi kusamalira nkhuku ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa komanso yokondweretsa. Koma nkhuku imakhala ndi mavuto ake, makamaka matenda a mbalame.
Nkhuku zapakhomo, komanso zolengedwa zina, zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda.
Matenda opatsirana ndi owopsa, makamaka, opatsirana laryngotracheitis - matenda akuluakulu opatsirana.
Ndi laryngotracheitis mu nkhuku, tizilombo timene timatulutsa timene timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito m'mimba.
Ngati vuto silidzathetsedwe m'kupita kwanthawi, anthu ambiri a mbalame adzaphimbidwa ndi matendawa. Laryngotracheitis imayamba ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.
Matenda amapezeka kudzera mwa anthu odwala komanso omwe amachiritsidwa. Mitundu yonse ya nkhuku, njiwa, nkhuku, pheasants zimayambira matenda. Nthawi zambiri amachiza nkhuku.
Nkhuku yodwala imakhala ndi kachilombo kwa zaka ziwiri. Kufalikira kwa laryngotracheitis kumakhala chifukwa cha zovuta za mbalamezi: kutaya mpweya wabwino, kuthamanga, kudyetsa, zakudya zoperewera.
Kodi nkhuku zotchedwa laryngotracheitis ndi ziti?
Kwa nthawi yoyamba laryngotracheitis inalembedwa mu 1924 ku United States. Ofufuza a ku America May ndi Titsler anafotokoza izo mu 1925 ndipo anazitcha laryngotracheitis.
Patapita nthawi matendawa amatchedwa bronchitis. Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1930, laryngotracheitis ndi bronchitis opatsirana anadziwika ngati matenda odziimira.
Mu 1931, matenda a larynx ndi trachea adatchulidwa kuti amatchedwa laryngotracheitis.
Ndi malingaliro opangidwa mu Komiti pa matenda a mbalame. Panthawi imeneyo, matendawa anafalikira paliponse, kuphatikizapo USSR.
M'dziko lathu, matenda opatsirana a laryngotracheitis anayamba kufotokozedwa mu 1932 ndi R.T. Botakov. Kenaka adayitana matendawa. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, asayansi ena adalongosola matendawa pansi pa dzina lamakono.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Wothandizira causative wa laryngotracheitis ndi kachilombo ka banja Herpesviridaekukhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Kulemera kwake ndi 87-97 nm. Vutoli silingatchedwe kuti likupitirizabe.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulibe nkhuku m'nyumba, amamwalira masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu.
Mu madzi akumwa, kachilomboka kamapitirirabe kuposa tsiku limodzi. Kuzizira ndi kuyanika mchere, ndipo pamene kuwala kwa dzuwa kumayambira, kachilombo kamene kamwalira m'maola asanu ndi awiri.
Njira zamakono za kerazole zimateteza kachilombo ka mphindi 20. Pa chipolopolo cha mazira, icho chikhoza kukhala maola 96. Popanda kutetezedwa, imalowa mkati mwa dzira ndipo imakhalabe yovuta kwa masiku 14.
Mpaka miyezi 19, kachilombo ka herpes kamakhalabe yogwira ntchito m'mitembo yowonongeka ndi masiku 154 mu chakudya cha nthenga ndi nthenga. M'nyengo yozizira, tizilombo timakhala panja kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi atatu, mkati mwa nyumba kwa masiku khumi ndi atatu.
Zizindikiro ndi mitundu ya matenda
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizodwala komanso mbalame zodetsa.
Odwalawa samadwalanso atalandira chithandizo, koma patatha zaka ziwiri matendawa ali oopsa chifukwa amatulutsa kachilombo ka HIV.
Matendawa amapezeka kudzera m'mlengalenga.
Matendawa amafalikiranso ndi kupha, kudyetsa, kusungira, nthenga ndi pansi.
Panopa, matenda a ziweto zonse amapezeka mwamsanga. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amafalikira m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja.
Maphunziro ndi zizindikiro za laryngotracheitis mu nkhuku zimadalira mtundu wa matendawa, chithunzi cha kachipatala, mkhalidwe wa mbalame.
Nthawi yosakaniza ya laryngotracheitis imakhala kuchokera masiku awiri mpaka mwezi umodzi. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa mwa mitundu itatuyi.
Zokongola kwambiri
Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika kumene matendawa sanawonetsepo kale. Pamene matenda opatsirana kwambiri amalowa pakati mpaka 80% ya nkhuku akhoza kutenga kachilombo masiku awiri.
Pambuyo pa matendawa, mbalame zimayamba kupuma movutikira, kumeza mlengalenga mobwerezabwereza, kukopa thupi ndi kumutu.
Nkhuku zina zimakhala ndi chifuwa cholimba, limodzi ndi kumeza kwa magazi.
Chifukwa cha mpukutu wotsekemera, nkhuku imagwedeza mutu wake, ndikuyesera kuti izikhala bwino.
M'nyumba kumene nkhuku zodwala zimasungidwa, kutuluka kwa msampha kumawoneka pakhoma ndi pansi. Mbalamezi zimakhala mosasamala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, zimatseka maso.
Njira ya hyperacute laryngotracheitis imaphatikizidwa ndi kayendedwe kake, kamene kamveka makamaka usiku.
Ngati alimi a nkhuku sachita kanthu, patapita masiku angapo matenda a nkhuku amayamba kufa limodzi. Imfa ndi yaikulu - oposa 50%.
Kuwala
Mwachiwopsezo, matendawa sayamba ngati mwadzidzidzi monga kale.
Choyamba, nkhuku zingapo zimadwala, mu masiku angapo - ena. Nkhuku yodwala siidya, nthawi zonse kukhala ndi maso atsekedwa.
Anthu omwe amachitira zimenezi amatha kuponderezana komanso kuponderezana.
Ngati mumamvetsera kupuma kwake madzulo, mumamva kuti sizinali zofanana ndi mbalame zathanzi, kulira kapena kulira.
Amakhala ndi mitsempha yowonongeka, yomwe imayambitsa kupuma komanso kupuma kudzera mumlomo.
Ngati m'dera la larynx limagwira, limayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu. Kufufuza kwa mlomo kudzakulolani kuti muwone mawonekedwe ndi kutukusira kwa mucous nembanemba. Pamatenda oyera a larynx angaoneke - cheesy discharge.
Kuchotsa panthawi yamakonowa kungathandize kupulumutsa moyo wa nkhuku. Pambuyo masiku 21-28 a matenda, ena onse amatha kufa ndi asphyxia chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa trachea kapena larynx.
Zosatha
Fomu iyi ya laryngotracheitis nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Matendawa ndi ochedwa, zizindikiro zimachitika mbalame zisanamwalire. Kuyambira 2 mpaka 15% ya mbalame zimafa. Anthu amathanso kulandira mbalame ndi mawonekedwewa chifukwa cha katemera wosapambana.
Kawirikawiri pali mawonekedwe ofanana a laryngotracheitis, omwe maso ndi mitsempha ya mphuno imakhudzidwa ndi mbalame.
Zimakhala zowonongeka m'zinyama zazing'ono mpaka masiku 40. Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda, nkhuku mu nkhuku ndizolakwitsa, chithunzi cha maso chimayamba, ndipo amayesera kubisala mu ngodya yamdima.
Ndi maonekedwe ofatsa, amakoka amachira, koma amatha kuona.
Zosokoneza
Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa atatsegula ndikuyesa ma laboratory.
Kuchita phunziro la virological, mitembo yatsopano, kutuluka kwa mbalame zakufa, komanso mbalame zodwala zimatumizidwa kwa akatswiri a laboratory.
Amagawaniza kachilombo ka mazira a nkhuku ndikupanga chidziwitso chotsatira.
Nkhuku zowononga nkhuku zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Pofufuza, matenda monga Newcastle matenda, kupuma kwa mycoplasmosis, nthomba, ndi matenda opatsirana amachotsedwa.
Chithandizo
Matendawa atapezeka, m'pofunikira kutenga mankhwala.
Palibe mankhwala apadera a laryngotracheitis, koma chithandizo chamankhwala chingathandize mbalame zodwala.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kuti muchepetse ntchito ya kachirombo ndi biomitsin kuti muchepetse kufa kwa nkhuku.
Komanso pochizira nkhuku za laryngotracheitis, monga mbalame zina, ziweto zimagwiritsa ntchito streptomycin ndi trivitzomwe zimayendetsedwa mosavuta.
Pamodzi ndi chakudya, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa furazolidin: akuluakulu pa mlingo wa 20 mg pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwake, kwa nyama zazing'ono - 15 mg pa 1 kg ya thupi. Pakudya nkhuku, ndikofunika kukhala ndi vitamini A ndi E, zomwe zimatulutsa maselo ambiri.
Kupewa
Kuteteza matenda kungakhale njira zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzisokoneza malo omwe mbalame zimakhalamo.
Komabe, ayenera kukhala kumeneko. Chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwala a chlorine-turpentine ayambe kusakanikirana, amadzimadzi okhala ndi lactic acid.
Chachiwiri, katemera angagwiritsidwe ntchito. M'madera okhala ndi matendawa, katemera wamoyo umaperekedwa kwa mbalame kudzera m'masalimo ndi machimo olakwika.
Pali zotheka kuti pazifukwa zina, mbalamezi zikhoza kukhala zonyamula kachilombo ka HIV, kotero kuti muyeso uwu ndi chinthu choletsera.
Katemerayu akhoza kudulidwa mu nthenga za mbalame kapena kujected m'madzi kuti amwe.
Palinso katemera wopangidwa ndi nkhuku kuchokera ku "VNIIBP"Kawirikawiri, nkhuku zimatemera katemera wa masiku 25, poganizira zochitika za epizootological.
Ngati chuma chikulemera, katemera wa aerosol ukuchitika. Katemerayu amadzipukutira molingana ndi malangizo ndipo amathiridwa mu malo okhala mbalame.
Pambuyo pake, kuwonongeka kwa kanthaŵi kofanana ndi mbalame ndiko kotheka, komwe kumatayika patatha masiku khumi. Kupewa chitetezo kumakhala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Katemera winanso - cloaca. Pothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera, kachilombo kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito mu membrane ya cloaca ndi kuzitikita kwa kanthawi. Patatha masiku angapo, ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa. Pambuyo katemera, chimfine chimatuluka, koma kenako chitetezo champhamvu chimapangidwa.
Ngati nthendayi imaonekera m'nyumba imodzi, nkhuku zonse zimatumizidwa kupha nyama, kenako chipinda chimatetezedwa ndi disinfected ndikuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu minda ya nkhuku kulowa ndi kuchoka kwa anthu a m'deralo kumaloledwa atatha kusamba nsapato mosamala.
Imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe sizidziwika kwambiri ndi nkhuku za Tsarskoye Selo. Dziwani zambiri za iye!Mukhoza kuyendetsa magetsi osungira nyumba yaumwini. Zonsezi zikupezeka pa: //selo.guru/stroitelstvo/sovetu/kak-podklyuchit-elekstrichestvo.html.
Choncho, laryngotracheitis ndi matenda oopsa opatsirana a nkhuku kuti mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa. Pozindikira matendawa m'kupita kwa nthawi, n'zotheka kupulumutsa nkhuku kuvutika ndi kufa msanga.
