Mavwende angakhale osiyana fungal, bakiteriya ndi matenda a tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi khalidwe la zipatso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo timene timadya pambewuyi imathandizanso kuti tisawonongeke. Choncho, kudziwa za iwo n'kofunika. Masiku ano timayang'ana matenda omwe amapezeka ndi mavwende komanso momwe angawachitire, komanso amalankhula za tizirombo ta mavwende komanso momwe tingawathandizire.
Matenda a mavwende, njira zamankhwala
Matenda a mavwende mu greenhouses ndi kuthengo - ndalama zambiri. Zomera zochokera kwa iwo zimauma, kupereka zokolola zoipa, kapena kungofa basi. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi mbewu, zotsalira zamasamba, dothi, namsongole. Ndipo pofuna kuteteza matenda ndi kutayika kwabwino, m'pofunika kuchitira zomera nthawi yake pogwiritsira ntchito njira zoyenera.
Chochititsa chidwi! Avicenna wamkulu adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira chimfine ndi gout m'magazi ake odwala ndi mbeu ya vwende.
Anthracnose
Masamba a mchere amadzaza ndi mawanga obiriwira kapena pinki, omwe pakapita kanthawi amakula kukula. Pa masamba okhudzidwa, mabowo amapangidwa, masamba azipiringa ndi youma. Mliri wa mliri umakhala wopyapyala ndi wopweteka. Zipatso zodwala zimawonongeka ndipo zimavunda mofulumira kwambiri.
Choncho mavwende samapweteketsa munthu, m'pofunika kuchotsa zitsamba kuchokera ku mabedi pakapita nthawi, kutsatizana ndi kasinthasintha, mbeu za madzi moyenera, kumasula nthaka, kutsuka kwa mavwende ndi 1% bordeaux madzi kapena mungu wofiira ndi sulfure powder.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwalawa amafunika atatu kapena anayi, ndi masiku khumi ndi awiri.
Melon ascohitoz
Fungal, matenda oopsa kwambiri pakugonjetsedwa kwa muzu wa vwende. Poyambirira, mawanga otumbululuka ndi mapulogalamu ambiri (pycnidia) amaonekera, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikuphimba mizu yonse. Matendawa amachititsa kuti mbewu zisawonongeke komanso kuchepa kwa zokolola.
Matendawa akhoza kuthandizanso masamba, zimayambira ndi zipatso. Zipatso za zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhala zofewa, zakuda, kenako zimayuma. Okhudzidwawo amachokera mdima ndipo amatha. Bowa ikhoza kusungidwa pa zatsamba zazomera kwa zaka ziwiri.
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi dothi komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Mayendedwe: Kutentha kwazomera, kugwa kwa mbewu zowonongeka, dothi losabisala, kuyeretsa ziwalo za matenda, kuthira feteleza ndi feteleza, kuteteza zomera ndi Bordeaux madzi.
White malo (septoriosis)
Iyi ndi matenda a fungal yomwe mawanga oyera azungulira amaonekera pammera. Mbali zapakati pa mawanga zimadetsedwa pambuyo pa fruiting ya bowa.
Matendawa amakonda nyengo yamvula. Matendawa akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali m'nthaka, mbewu ndi zowonongeka. Mayendedwe: yang'anani zokolola za mbeu, ndikuwongolera zakuya za nthaka (25-30 cm), kuwononga zitsamba za matenda, kupopera ndi 1% bordeaux madzi.
Mizu yovunda
Ambiri omwe amavutika ndi matendawa amafooka ndi vwende. Mizu ndi zimayambira za zomera zazing'ono zimakhala bulauni ndipo potsiriza zimatulutsa kunja. Pamapeto pake, cotyledons ndi masamba amafota ndipo mbewu imamwalira. Masamba a mavwende akuluakulu amatembenukira chikasu ndikuwotha. Mizu ndi gawo lochepa la zimayambira limakhala bulauni.
Mayendedwe: kusuntha kwa namsongole, kusuntha nthawi zonse nthaka, kuthirira moyenera, kusuta mbeu m'malo mutabzala 40% mwadongosolo kwa mphindi zisanu.
Nkhaka Mosaic
Izi ndi matenda a vwende. Zizindikiro za matenda a mavwende: Mawanga a masamba obiriwira ndi a chikasu pazitsamba zazing'ono, masamba osongoka ndi opunduka, masamba otupa ndi mavupakati pakati pa mitsempha, zomwe zimapatsa masamba kukhala maonekedwe ochepa, masamba akale amafa, zipatso zimachoka pammera, pamwamba pa zipatso, zomera zimachepa kukula, kupasuka pogwiritsa ntchito mapesi.
Vutoli likhoza kusungidwa pa mizu ya namsongole ndikuperekedwera ku zomera zina zouma. Mbewu ya kachilombo kawirikawiri imafalitsidwa.
Mayendedwe: yang'anani mbewu, asamalidwe mbeu, asamawononge zomera, asamalire lumo ndi mipeni yomwe amadula zomera ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate (5%), chotsani namsongole, ndi kumenyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mame a Mealy
Mmodzi mwa matenda omwe amapezeka ndi vwende ndi powdery mildew. Mavitamini ndi masamba a mavwende amakhala ndi mawanga oyera (mpaka 1 masentimita), koma pakapita nthawi akhoza kuphimba tsamba lonse la masamba. Masamba amakhala a bulauni, amawoneka ofunda, ophimba komanso owuma.
Mayendedwe: kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yonse ya zotsalira zazomera ndi namsongole, kuyendayenda bwino kwa mbeu ndi kusungidwa kwa mavwende ndi 80% sulfuri ufa panthawi yoyamba ya matendawa (pa 100 sqmm 400 g) ndi masiku khumi, ndipo chithandizo chotsiriza chimachitika masiku makumi awiri asanayambe kukolola .
Downy mildew (perinospora)
Izi ndi matenda a fungal a mavwende, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza masamba a chomera pachiyambi. Amawonekera mawanga achikasu, omwe pakapita nthawi amawonjezeka kukula. Pamunsi mwa masamba, pamakhala chinyezi, imbudzi ya violet imapangidwa.
Zisamaliro: decontamination wa vwende mbewu asanafesedwe. Kuti muchite izi, awotchereni mu thermos ndi madzi (madigiri 45) kwa maola awiri. Mukhozanso kupanga mankhwala a mbeu ndi 1% yothetsera potanganamu permanganate, ndikuwatsanulira muyeso kwa mphindi makumi awiri.
Kubzala ndi mavwende okhudzidwa akhoza kuwaza yankho la urea (madzi okwanira 1 litre 1 g), 1% Bordeaux osakaniza (1 l pa 10 sq. m.) Mbewu zimatetezedwa ndi Topaz ndi Oxy ndi masiku khumi.
Grey nkhungu
Ichi ndi matenda a fungal omwe amakonda chinyezi ndi nyengo yozizira. Mazira ambiri a mavwende amakhala madzi, mofulumira akudzaza ndi sclerotia wakuda wa bowa ndi nkhungu.
Bowa limakhala mu nthaka kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri. Matendawa amakula kwambiri pa kutentha kwa 15 ° C. Kutentha kumatuluka.
Zisamaliro: kusamalira namsongole bwino, kuyesa ndikuchotsani kachilombo ka HIV ndi masamba, kuthirani madzi zomera mutangotulutsa nthenda zonse, masamba ndi zipatso.
Dzani ndi njira yotsatirayi: 10 malita a madzi 1 g ya zinc sulfate, 10 g wa urea, 2 g zamkuwa sulphate.
Fusarium wilt
Matenda a fungal, omwe amakhudza pakati ndi mochedwa mitundu yambiri ya mavwende, amachepetsa zokolola ndi kuwononga khalidwe la zipatso. Odwala okhala ndi mavwende osakanikirana ndi shuga otsika kwambiri, osakwanira ndi madzi onunkhira komanso osungika bwino.
Matendawa amadziwonekera pambuyo pa masamba awiri enieni kapena atatu akuwoneka pa mbande, komanso pamene zipatso zipse. Mitengo imatha mofulumira, ndipo masamba amawunikira ndipo amadzazidwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Zomera zimafa pambuyo pa masiku 7-10.
Zisamaliro: kutsatira malamulo a zowonongeka kwa mbeu, kuchotsa zitsamba zamasamba, udzu, zomera zowonongeka, zomera zowononga madzi, kukumba nthaka m'dzinja, kusakaniza mbeu asanayambe kufesa 40% yothetsera vutolo kwa mphindi zisanu, vani mavitoni m'mabedi apamwamba, potaziyamu chloride yankho .
Zosangalatsa Aigupto akale anali kugwira ntchito yolima mavwende chaka cha 2000 BC. Mavwende ankawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha moyo, kubala ndi kukongola.
Tizilombo ta mavwende, momwe tingachitire ndi iwo
Zopweteka kuposa matenda, mavwende amabweretsa zosiyanasiyana tizirombo. Ndikofunika kuwawononga nthawi yake.
Gulu la Aphid
Ndi tizilombo toyamwa ta mtundu wobiriwira, wachikasu kapena wofiira. Manyowa aphid akhoza kubala pafupi mibadwo makumi awiri ya mphutsi yamoyo pa nyengo.
Tizilombo timene timakhala m'munsi mwa masamba, tifalikira pamwamba pake ndikuyamwitsa madzi kuchokera masamba. Mitengo yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mavwende amatembenukira chikasu, kupotoka ndi youma. Pofuna kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zikhale zochepa ngati zingatheke, yeretsani vwende ndi namsongole pa nthawi.
Ntchentche ikuuluka
Uyu ndiye mdani wamkulu wa malo a vwende. Zingakhudze pafupifupi 50% ndi mbewu zambiri. Ntchentche zimatha kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, pokhala mu mphutsi, pamtunda wa masentimita 15.
Ntchentche zoyamba zimayambira kumayambiriro kwa June. Ntchentche zimayika mazira m'thupi la chipatso, ndipo mkati mwa vwende mawonekedwe a mphutsi, omwe akufota mthupi. Zotsatira zake, zipatso zimavunda mofulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kuzindikira chipatso chokhala ndi kachilombo ka ming'alu khungu la vwende, lomwe ndi lofiirira.Lero, palibe mitundu yotsutsa ya mavwende chifukwa cha vwende ntchentche. Pofuna kupewa Minda yamchere imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira ya "Rapier" (malita awiri a yankho pa hekita) kapena "Zenith" (250ml).
Zomera zimapangidwira kawiri pa nyengo: pakuonekera kwa masamba oyambirira komanso nthawi yoyamba. Mankhwalawa ndi othandizira kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo. Kuti awononge mphutsi atangotha kusonkhanitsa mavwende otsekemera, zipatso zonse zosapsa zimalimidwa pamodzi ndi nthaka.
Kangaude mite
Izi ndizochepa koma zoopsa zowononga mavwende. Kubiriwira kasupe kapena wachikasu m'chilimwe ndi chofiira kapena lalanje chikasu. Nthata zam'madzi zimagonjetsa nthaka pansi pa masamba ogwa, pamasamba ndi namsongole.
Nkhumba zimakhala m'munsi mwa masamba, masamba, mazira ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Amayamwa madzi kuchokera ku chomera, kenako mbali zina za zomera zimakhala zachikasu kapena zofiira, kenako mbewu imamwalira.
Limbani nthata za kangaude motere: Musanafese mbewu, dothi ndi bleach, pamene masamba oyambirira akuwonekera pazomerazo, aziwaza ndi BI-58 kapena Fitoverm, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga zotsalira za mbeu, kupanga zolima, kugulitsa mbewu ndi kusamalira namsongole.
Zidutswa za wireworms
Kubzala kwa mavwende kumatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zenizeni (mphutsi za kachipinda kakang'ono) ndi unreal (mbozi ya tizilombo tating'alu zakuda) tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito pansi pa nthaka, zimakhala zikufa. Ndikofunika kuchotsa zitsamba zamasamba ndi namsongole mu nthawi yake, chifukwa ndi momwe iwo akugwiritsira ntchito.
Kuwombera
Nkhumba zimatulutsa ziphuphu zimakhala m'nthaka kapena pamtunda. Amawononga mapesi a mavwende, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kufa kwa mbewu.
Kumenyana ndi scoops, muyenera kuchotsa namsongole ndi kubzala zitsamba, kukumba nthaka yomwe ikugwa, kugwiritsanso ntchito malamulo oyendayenda, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala a Arrivo omwe amachititsa kuti mbewuzo ziwonongeke kwa masiku makumi awiri.
Mukudziwa? Mavwende ku Japan amapereka mphatso yamtengo wapatali.
Kuti mupeze mavwende odzaza ndi opeza bwino, m'pofunika kuchotsa matenda awo panthaŵi yake ndikuwononga tizirombo.
