Ku nkhalango ndi kumalo otentha, nthawi zina mumatha kupeza bowa zomwe zimaoneka zachilendo, ndipo sizimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Amamera pa nkhuni zakufa kapena pafupi ndi ziweto.
Lero tidzakambirana oimira a banja lokhala ndi zida zowonongeka tsopano: momwe amaonekera, kumene amakumana, komanso ngati angadye.
White
Maonekedwe. Kapu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba pa siteji yoyamba, ndipo imapangidwira ndipo imakhala yoboola pakati pambuyo pa kusasitsa. Kutalika kumasiyanasiyana ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 20, kutalika kwake kumachokera ku masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Ndikopaka utoto woyera kapena imvi, ndi masikelo a mdima aang'ono omwe amawoneka pamwamba pa khungu. Pamwamba pa kapu ikhoza kukhala yofiirira. Thupi ndi loyera, lopanda kulawa kapena kununkhiza. Mabala a bowa aang'ono amakhala oyera, oyera, ndipo amakonza momasuka. Akakhwima, amayamba kutembenuka, kenako amawombera panthawi yopuma. 
Coprinus comatus Kutalika kwenikweni kwa mwendo kumachoka pa 10 mpaka 35 masentimita, koma gawo lowoneka silidapitirira 10 masentimita m'litali, popeza 2/3 ya miyendo yabisika pansi pa dome la kapu. Mtundu umakhala woyera, wosazama mkati. Pansi pa tsinde, lomwe lili pansi, lili ndi mphamvu.
Ali kuti akukula. Amapezeka kudera lonse lotentha la Northern Hemisphere. Amapanga dothi lamtundu wa humus, ndipo amakula zambiri m'mabusa ndi pafupi ndi minda. Zimakhala zovuta kukumana ndi ndowe zoyera m'nkhalango, ndipo zimatha kupezeka m'mabwinja ndi madontho. Nkofunika kuti bowa lomwe gawolo likhale lolemera mu zitsamba kapena zinyama. 
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Mbalame zakuda zimayambira mu March, ndipo zimatuluka m'minda kumapeto kapena pakati pa autumn (malingana ndi dera). Nkhumba zimasonkhanitsidwa pokha pa dothi loyera kutali ndi malo osungiramo katundu komanso mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Kukolola kumachitika pambuyo pa mvula, monga thupi la zipatso liyenera kukhala laling'ono kuti lidye popanda mantha.
Kugwa, mungathe kusonkhanitsa bowa monga zakudya, bowa, oyamwa mkaka, ambulera, mbuzi, chanterelle, agulugufe, ziboliboli, uchi wamatsenga, matabwa, zosavuta.
Magwiritsidwe ntchito. Kumbukirani, bowa uwu ndi Kudya kwathunthu, kokha mpaka chipatso cha thupi chitatha. Pakutha, kudya kachilomboka ndi koopsa. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti pambuyo pa kusasitsa, imayamba kudzikuza yokha, kumasula zinthu zapadera. Zotsatira zake, bowa wakale amatha kuonedwa ngati yovunda, ndipo mankhwala ovunda sangakhale otetezeka. 
Ngakhale kuti ndizovomerezeka, ndibwino kuti wiritsani matupi a zipatso musanagwiritse ntchito. Pambuyo pake, mungathe kuthamanga, kutentha, kusakaniza kapena kusuta. Mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, matupi a zipatso ayenera kukonzedweratu mwamsanga, popeza kuti kudzipiritsa sikumasiya ngakhale kutentha. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti malo osungiramo bowa sangathe kusungidwa ndikusungidwa, mwinamwake iwo ayamba kuvunda.
Ndikofunikira! Zakale zakale zimasonyeza kuti ndowe zoyera zimayambitsa poizoni zikadya ndi mowa. Uku ndi kulakwitsa kolakwika.
Video: nyemba zoyera - zomwe zimawoneka kuphika
Chipale chofewa
Maonekedwe. Kapu ndi ovoid, yaing'ono, yomwe ili ndi madigiri osachepera 3 masentimita. Mu bowa wakale imakhala bell-shaped or conical. Khungu ndi loyera, loyera lili ndi powdery scurf yomwe imasambitsidwa mosavuta. Mnofu ndi woyera, woonda. Mu bowa wakale kulibe. Mabala a matupi aang'ono a matupi ndi imvi, ndiye mutembenuke wakuda ndikukhala madzi. Mwendo woonda kwambiri, uli ndi utali wa masentimita 5-8. Pamunsi pali khalidwe lotupa. Pamwamba pa phazi ili ndi chovala chofanana choyera monga pa bonnet. 
Coprinopsis nivea Ali kuti akukula. Popeza ndowe yoyera ndi saprotroph (imadyetsa zotsalira za zamoyo), imakula m'madera omwe ng'ombe kapena mahatchi amadya nthawi zonse. Mitengo ya zipatso imapangidwa pamtunda kapena pafupi ndi manyowa.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Zipatso zamamera m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja miyezi. Bowa ndi owopsaChoncho, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Bowa monga toadstool, nthimba ya amanita, falcipods, nkhumba, mitundu ya govorushek, nsomba zam'madzi, ndi bolettes ndi owopsa kwa anthu.
Zilonda zamoto
Mayina ena: Fluffy ndowe ya ndowe, yochepetsetsa mapazi. 
Coprinopsis lagopus Maonekedwe. Chipewacho chikufanana ndi kansalu kakang'ono, 1-2 masentimita awiri, masentimita 2 mpaka 4 m'litali. Bowa laling'ono limalowa mu msinkhu patapita masiku awiri, kenako chikhocho chimatsegulidwa. Oimira okhwima a mitundu, ali ndi mawonekedwe a belu. Tsabola ndijambulidwa mu maolivi amdima. Pamwamba pamadzaza ndi mabala oyera, choncho bowa patali likuwoneka woyera. Thupi ndi loyera, lochepa kwambiri, limathyoka pang'onopang'ono. Kutalika kwa miyendo kuyambira masentimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi atatu, wochepa thupi, kukhoza kuyendetsedwa mu kukula. Zipaka zoyera. Pamwamba pamakhala mabala ambiri oyera. Ma mbalewo ndi opapatiza, aulere, imvi pa siteji yoyamba, ndiye mutembenuzire wakuda ndi kugwa. 
Ali kuti akukula. Amapezeka kumalo odyetserako manyowa, komanso m'nkhalango zakale. Bowa akhoza kudya nkhuni zovunda, komanso kuvunda masamba ogwa.
Kawirikawiri palinso vuto pozindikiritsa bowa, chifukwa thupi limapanga komanso limatha masiku angapo, choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukumana ndi bowa.
Mukudziwa? Bowa ambiri amachiritsa katundu. Mwachitsanzo, khungu la bowa-mvula ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitiki, pomwe imakhala yosalala, komanso imasonyezeratu mabakiteriya.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Fluffy bowa zipatso panthawi ya msipu. Nthendayi ikangowonongeka, matupi a zipatso amasiya kupanga. Chiwerengero cha kukula kwa nyengo chilimwe-m'dzinja. 
Tsitsi lamoto musadye. Bowa sichidziwika kuti ndi chakupha, koma chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa, mukhoza kuwonetsa zitsanzo zazing'ono, choncho ndibwino kuti musayambe kuziyika.
Wokondweretsa kuwerenga: Edible bowa wa Ukraine: TOP-15
Wokondedwa
Maonekedwe. Chipewa chiri ndi mawonekedwe a belu; mu bowa wakale imakhala ambulera. Mimbayi ndi 2-5 masentimita, khungu ndi lofiira ndi chikasu chachikasu. Pamwamba pamakhala miyeso yaing'ono yoyera ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono. Mnofu ndi woyera, woonda, wosasunthika, mmalo mwake. Lembani mamita 4-8 masentimita, ofewa kwambiri, fibrous, dzenje. Pamwamba ndi penti yoyera, yosalala. Ma mbalewo ndi oyera, owonda, ochepa. Mu bowa okhwima amatha kuvala wakuda ndikusanduka wakuda. 
Coprinellus domesticus Ali kuti akukula. Chikumbuchi chimadyetsa nkhuni zakufa kapena zowola, choncho imakula pazitsamba zakale kapena mitengo youma. Mu nkhalango pafupifupi samachitika, monga m'madera otseguka.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhokwe zimatha kukula m'madera ochepetsetsa, chifukwa chake mtunduwo umatchedwa dzina lake.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Zikuwoneka m'nyengo yachilimwe, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa September iwo amatha pang'onopang'ono. Kachilomboka kakang'ono bowa wosadulidwaChoncho, sizingadye kapena kusungidwa ndi bowa zina. 
Wokonza matabwa
Mayina ena: variegated, matope, dyatovidny.
Maonekedwe. Chipewa chiri ndi mawonekedwe ovoid ndi kutalika pang'ono. Diameter - kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 cm. Bowa wakale ali ndi kapu yoboola pakati. Pamwamba pamakhala mtundu wofiirira kapena wofiira. Tsambali liri ndi mamba ambirimbiri, kotero patali bowa amawoneka yoyera. Mnofu ndi woyera, uli ndi fungo losasangalatsa, koma woonda. Msola ndi wautali kwambiri komanso woonda, kutalika kwake kumakhala kuchokera masentimita 10 mpaka 30. Mukati mwake mulibe dzenje, tapers up. Zipaka zoyera. Pamunsi pali zovuta. Pafupi ndiponse paliponse. Miphika ya bowa wachinyamata imakhala yoyera ndi tintinjika yofiira. Mu matupi akale a zipatso amakhala imvi, ndipo pambuyo - wakuda. 
Coprinopsis picacea Ali kuti akukula. Dothi lopangidwa ndi matabwa lotchedwa Woodpecker beet limakonda dothi lolemera kwambiri, komanso kukhalapo kwa mitengo yowola. Mitunduyi imapezeka m'nkhalango zakuda m'madera owuma. 
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Mitengo ya zipatso imapangidwa kuyambira August mpaka November. Deta pamakono a bowa amasiyana, koma m'mabuku ambiri olemba matabwa akufotokozedwa ngati bowa wosadulidwa. Palinso umboni wakuti zingayambitse zolinga.
Dziwani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.
Kuzungulira
Mayina ena: kugwedezeka, mica. 
Coprinellus micaceus Maonekedwe. Chipewacho ndi mawonekedwe a belu, komabe mwa ochepa omwe akuyimira ovoid. Khungu ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira ndi malo amdima pakati, kutalika kwake kumakhala kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 masentimita, kutalika ndi 1-3 masentimita. Mphepete mwa kapu ikhoza kukhala ngakhale ngakhale atang'ambika pang'ono. Mnofu ndi woonda kwambiri, wofiira, wopanda fungo, kukoma kumakhala kowawa. Lembani mmalo mwake, utali wa 4-10 masentimita, woonda, mkati - dzenje. Pamunsi pali brownish, komatu zambiri zimakhala zoyera. Ma mbalewo ndi owonda, amodzi, oyera ndi brownish tinge. Bowa zakale zili ndi zakuda. 
Ali kuti akukula. Zomera zam'mlengalenga zimakula pokhapokha ngati zowola kapena nkhuni zakufa. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mapaki, komanso m'mabotolo a m'nkhalango. Kukula kokha m'magulu, monga bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Sapezeka mu nkhalango zam'madzi ndi zomera.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Zipatso kuyambira May mpaka November. Bowa amawonekera m'mafunde. Onaninso inedible chifukwa chakuti atatha kusonkhanitsa chiwonongeko chimapita mofulumira kwambiri - chifukwa cha izi, mankhwalawa amayamba kuchepa ndipo amakhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zachilendo
Maonekedwe. Chipewacho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, ndipo chigawochi chimakhala cha masentimita 1 mpaka 3. Khungu ndi khungu lalitali, lokhala ndi mizere, yofiira imvi. Mphepete mwa kapu mulibe zofanana, zimayambira muzinthu zoposa. Thupi ndi lofewa kwambiri, loyera, losalimba, silikununkhiza. Leg - 5-10 cm, woonda, molunjika kapena ndi pang'ono otsetsereka. Oyera utoto, fibrous, mkati - osadzi. Ali ndi thickening pang'ono pamunsi. Mipata ndi yaulere, mu bowa wachinyamata - woyera, okhwima - mdima wakuda kapena wakuda. 
Coprinopsis cinerea Ali kuti akukula. Amakula pang'onopang'ono kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pa nthaka yolemera mu humus. Amapezeka m'minda, m'mapaki, komanso m'mapiri. Bowa ambiri amawoneka pambuyo pa mvula yambiri. 
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Zikuwoneka kuchokera kumapeto kwa May mpaka pakati pa September.
Pankhani yokhutira, maganizo amakhalanso osiyana. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thupi la chipatso, bowa sizitchuka kwambiri. Nthata zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka m'madera ambiri zimakhala ngati bowa wodyedwa, komabe zimaperekedwa kuti zikonzekere mwamsanga mutatha kusonkhanitsa, mwinamwake zimayambitsa poizoni.
Awerengenso za bowa zodyedwa komanso zoopsa zomwe zikukula pamitengo.
Anabalalika
Dzina lina - kachilomboka kakang'ono. 
Coprinellus disseminatus Maonekedwe. Chipewacho chimafanana ndi kanyama kakang'ono kakang'ono. Mu bowa wakale amamera pansi, ali wamng'ono amakhala ovate, pafupifupi masentimita awiri m'mimba mwake. Khunguli ndi lofiira. Pamwamba pamakhala zodzikongoletsera, zophimba ndi zotsalira za mapepala. Mnofu sungakhalepo, wofewa komanso woonda. Palibe fungo. Tsinde lamakhala lalikulu mamita 1 mpaka 5, lochepa kwambiri, lopanda kanthu, losalala, lopaka utoto mu bowa laling'ono, ndipo atatha kusasitsa limakhala imvi ndi violet tinge. Ma mbalewo ndi aulere, otetezeka, oyera, ndiye imvi kapena yakuda.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu imeneyi imamera popanda kutentha kwambiri. Ndondomeko ya kudzipha imasiya.
Ali kuti akukula. Akukula m'dera lotentha. Amapezeka pa mitengo youma ndi stumps, kumene imapanga maluwa enieni a matupi. Pamtengo umodzi ukhoza kukhala ndi bowa mazana angapo. 
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Zikuwoneka kuchokera kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka oyambirira kugwa. Kuoneka kwa bowa sikunakhazikitsidwe. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa thupi la chipatso komanso pafupifupi kumapeto kwa masamba, ndibwino kuti musadye bowa wamtundu uwu.
Bowa monga osakhala minda, ezhovikov, ryadovki, nthawi zambiri amakula m'magulu ndikupanga otchedwa "mfiti".
Romanesi
Maonekedwe. Chipewa chiri ndi mawonekedwe a ambulera ndi m'mphepete mwazing'ono. Mlingo wake ndi 3-6 masentimita. Peel ndi beige mtundu, koma chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa masikelo a mdima, mtundu wonse uli ndi imvi ndi minofu ya chikasu. Thupi silikupezeka, chifukwa kapu yambiri ndi mbale. Chomera chochepa cha zamkati ndi chopaka choyera. Leg - 6-10 masentimita m'litali, wandiweyani, wandiweyani makulidwe. Pamwamba pamakhala imvi, mkatikati, osalimba. Ma mbalewo ndi aufulu, kawirikawiri, oyera mu matupi aang'ono a zipatso, ndipo akuda mwa okhwima. 
Coprinopsis romagnesiana Ali kuti akukula. Amamera pa mitengo yovunda, choncho imapezeka m'mapiri, m'mapaki komanso m'midzi. Amakonda nyengo yozizira. Amakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Bowa amawoneka m'chaka ndipo kenako kugwa. M'chilimwe, mycelium imabereka zipatso kumpoto. Romanesi akuganizira zamoyo zokhazokhakoma kokha ali wamng'ono. Bowa ndi mbale zopotoka siziletsedwa.
Pezani zomwe bowa zimakula mu Meyi.
Senny
Dzina lina - udzu wobiriwira. 
Panaeolus foenisecii Maonekedwe. Hatani m'mimba mwake kuyambira 1 mpaka 2 cm, wooneka ngati belu. Peel beige kapena mtundu woyera-bulauni. Pamwamba ndi yosalala, thupi ndi lofewa, lochepa kwambiri. Msoka ndi woonda, kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 8 cm m'litali. Zingakhale zolunjika, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zikugwera. Zithunzi zojambulajambula zokhala ndi chovala chosawoneka. Ma mbalewo ndi ofiira, omasuka, ndipo amayamba wakuda atakalamba. 
Ali kuti akukula. Kupezeka m'minda, udzu ndi udzu. Amakonda nthaka yachonde. Kukula kokha m'magulu.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Nkhungu imapezeka mu September-Oktoba, koma pangТono ting'onoting'ono timakhalapo kuyambira April mpaka December.
Bowa musadyechifukwa amachititsa kuti anthu azichita zinthu molakwika komanso asinthe. Komanso, mutatha kudya kungakhale vuto la kapangidwe ka zakudya. Pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirapo zimakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la mitsempha, chifukwa chake pali vuto la maganizo.
Gray
Dzina lina - inki.
Maonekedwe. Kulemera kwake kwa kapu ndi 5-10 masentimita. Maonekedwe a bowa aang'ono ndi ovoid, ndipo mu bowa okhwima amakhala woboola. Peel ndi imvi ndi reddish tinge. Pamwamba pamakhala mamba ang'onoang'ono. Mnofu ndi wofewa kwambiri, kuwala, ndipo umakhala wamdima mwamsanga pamene umadziwonekera. Palibe fungo, kukoma ndi kokoma. Lamulo -pafupi, 10-20 masentimita, woonda, osaphika. Pamwamba pajambulidwa ndi mdima wonyezimira. Ma mbalewo ali oyera, ndi omasuka ndi bowa ali ndi wakuda. 
Coprinopsis atramentaria Ali kuti akukula. Nkhumba zimakonda nthaka yolemera kwambiri, choncho imapezeka kwambiri m'minda, komanso m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Mu nkhalango imakula pafupi ndi mitengo yovunda kapena yoola. Angamere m'munda kapena m'munda ngati zivomerezeka.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Zikuoneka kuyambira May mpaka October. Bowa amakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gulu lokhala ndi ndowe ndi lokhala ndi bowa. Zitsanzo zazing'ono chabe ndi mbale zopepuka zikhoza kudyedwa.
Magwiritsidwe ntchito. Pambuyo popereka chithandizo cha kutentha, zomwe zimachitika nthawi yochepa kwambiri mutatha kukolola, bowa ikhoza kukhala yokazinga, wothira, mchere kapena wamafuta. Kuyanika sikuchitika. 
Onaninso kuti ndowe yamtundu wina imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera uchidakwa, monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi mowa zimayambitsa poizoni ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Kupha poizoni kumachitika ngakhale ngati magazi ali ndi mlingo waing'ono wowonongeka mowa.
Video: kuphika ndowe
Mukudziwa? Chotupa cha ndowe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza inki. Iyo yasiyidwa mu mphika mpaka kuwonongeka kwathunthu, ndiye nkusankhidwa ndi guluu akuwonjezeredwa. Inki imeneyi itatha kuyanika imapereka chitsanzo chapadera, chotero, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ngongole ndi zolemba zofunikira kuchokera kwachinyengo.
Kuphwanyidwa
Maonekedwe. Chipewacho chili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba: chophatikizira pakati ndi zoboola pakati pamphepete. Pamwamba pa nkhoswe yazing'ono zozungulira. Mlingo wake ndi 2-3 masentimita. Peel - imvi-chikasu, mu bowa wakale umakhala chokoleti. Thupi ndi loonda, lopanda mphamvu, lowala. Kutalika kwa mwendo - kuyambira 4 mpaka 8 masentimita, ndi koonda kwambiri, mkati mwake, m'mimba mwake ndi maonekedwe ofanana ndi tsinde la dandelion. Ojambula ndi mtundu wachikasu, wobiriwira. Chipinda - chosowa, chochepa, chochepa. Mtundu wochokera ku imvi mpaka mtundu wofiira, pambuyo pa kusasitsa kwathunthu siwonongedwa. 
Parasola plicatilis Ali kuti akukula. Imamera m'madera otsekemera mu udzu, posankha nthaka ikulemera mu humus. Muzitha kupezeka m'minda kapena m'minda.
Nthawi ndi nthawi. Mycelium zipatso ku kasupe kuti woyamba chisanu. Nkhumba zimayenda mozungulira patsiku, kuyambira pa mapangidwe a matupi omwe ali pamwambapa ndikumapeto ndi kufa kwa bowa. 
Ponena za kulumikizana, sikunatchulidwe m'mabuku. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kayendedwe kake ka moyo wautali, kuphatikizapo kuperewera kwathunthu kwa zamkati mu bokosi la bowa ndi kukula kwake kwa thupi la zipatso.
Mitundu yambiri ya chimanga siidyidyidwanso, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imadyetsedwa sizimasiyana ndi kukoma kokoma kapena fungo. Chifukwa chakuti thupi la zipatso limachepa mofulumira, osankha bowa nthaŵi zambiri amadutsa bowawa pambali.
