Nzika zomwe zimatchulidwapo ndi nthomba sizikumakumbukira kuti matenda opweteka aumunthuwa, omwe adayenera dzina loopsya la "imfa yakuda", adagonjetsedwa ndi katemera wambiri pakati pa zaka zapitazo. Koma anthu a m'mudzimo, makamaka m'madera a nkhosa zakuthupi ndi kusaka nyama zamphongo, sangathe kuganizira za anthu - nkhosa, mbuzi ndi mbuzi ndipo lero zikuyimira ngozi yaikulu ku bizinesi zawo.
Kufotokozera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mndandanda wa zizindikirozo udzaperekedwa m'munsimu, ndipo apa tikudziika tokha kuti tisonyeze kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa ndi nkhosa (zinyama zokha zimadwala zinyama) ndi mbuzi zakutchire, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimakhala ndi mphutsi pamphuno, kuphatikizapo kuledzera kwa thupi ndi pamwamba kufa. 
Chojambulira chithandizo cha nthomba chimakhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka kapripoxvirus kamene kali ndi tizilombo tina tofanana.
Kwa anthu omwe amakonda mafilimu otchuka, timaphatikizapo kuti zamoyo zake zimakhala zozungulira kapena zojambula ndi njerwa, ndipo matupi ena omwe amachitcha kuti Paschen, amatha kuwonedwa (zolemba zonse, awiri ndi awiri okha) poyesedwa mwachidwi powadetsa ndi siliva.
Onetsetsani mtundu wa mbuzi monga mbuzi, Ammamchi, Alpine.Mu nkhosa zoyipa (mbuzi) zimapezeka m'maselo a epithelium omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mkati mwa pustules ndi vesicles.
Nkhumba ya nthomba imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:
- okhoza kukhala wautali, zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo, kuti apitirize kutentha kutentha, ndipo pamene mazira, mpaka kalekale kwa nthawi yaitali;
- m'nyumba (mbusa) amatha miyezi 6, imakhala katatu mochepa mu ubweya wa nkhosa, mu mpweya wabwino (pa msipu) - kwa masiku 62;
- mkati mwa theka la ora, amamwalira chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi ngati t> +53 ° C.
Epizootology
Malinga ndi zomwe epizootological imanena, nkhosa zabwino kwambiri ndizoziwopseza kwambiri matendawa, ndipo thupi la achinyamatali silinakhale ndi nthawi yopanga chitetezo chokwanira. Koma magulu ena a zinyama, ngakhale kuti ali ochepa pangozi, amadwala.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa nthomba monga matenda kwa anthu mazana mazana mazana atatu apitayi, chidziwitso cha matendawa pakati pa nkhosa chinawonekera zaka 1900 zapitazo, ndipo kufooka kwake kwa ziweto kunatsimikiziridwa mu 1763. Pambuyo pa zaka 140, wogwiritsira ntchito causative anafotokozedwanso.Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda sizingowonjezeredwa ndi odwala, ngakhale izi ndizozikuluzikulu.
Mudzakhalanso wofunitsitsa kuphunzira za matenda oterewa monga nyama monga phazi ndi mkamwa, chiwindi cha nkhumba cha ku Africa, mastitis.Matendawa amafalitsidwa kwa mbuzi ndi nkhosa zathanzi pogwiritsa ntchito odwala kachilombo, zomwe zimakhala panthawi yopuma komanso pambuyo pochira (zowuma zowonongeka zimakhala zoopsa kwa miyezi ingapo).
Kuchokera kwa odwala, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'deralo komanso timataya timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pachifukwachi, matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri kudzera mu mpweya wotsekemera, koma amatha kupezeka kudzera mu kulowa mkati mwa kachilombo ka HIV komanso zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'kati mwa mkamwa ndi gawo loyamba la m'mimba.Mkaka ndiwo kachilombo ka matenda ena, ngati nsikidzi imakhudza udder.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbuzi.Onyamula matenda ndi zinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zawonongeka ndi zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso nyama zina (osati nkhosa ndi mbuzi) komanso anthu omwe amakumana ndi odwala ndi odwala matendawa.
Epizootic - njira yaikulu ya kufalikira kwa nthomba mu gulu la nkhosa. Mwezi umodzi wokha, ambiri a gulu akudwala. Pofuna kupewa izi kuti zisakwaniritsidwe ndikupewa kuwonjezeka kwa imfa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo 2 mpaka 5%, zimakhala zofunikira nthawi yake. 
Mwa chisankho cha International Epizootic Bureau (OIE), nkhumba ya nkhosa ndi mbuzi imaphatikizidwa mu gulu la matenda a ziweto omwe akufalikira mofulumira (gulu A).
Mukudziwa? Ajeremani anapanga ndalama zopindulitsa ku Bonn - amakhoka nkhosa zamoyo ngati mitsinje ya udzu. Ziri zotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi zipangizo zogulira, ndi nkhosa, chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera a chikhazikitso, amatha kuweramitsa mitu yawo ndi kubudula ngakhale udzu wochepa kwambiri wa udzu.
Pathogenesis
Matenda a nthomba omwe aloŵa m'thupi la nyama poyamba (pambuyo pa masiku anayi) amawoneka m'magazi ndi ziwalo zowopsa (chiwindi, nthenda, etc.).
Kenaka masiku 2-3 a secondary viraemia (kuwatenga kudzera m'magazi ku maselo a mucous membrane ndi epithelium).
Ndikofunikira! Kuthamanga kwapweteka, malingana ndi ziweto, ndiko kuteteza thupi, kufunafuna kuti zikhale zatsopano - kupyolera mthupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga momwe matendawa amachitira.Ndiko komwe kutulutsa kachilombo ka HIV kumayambitsa, kuyambitsa mawonetseredwe opweteka kwambiri-kutupa, mofulumira kukula kuchokera ku serous kupita ku purulent. Kunja, izi zimawoneka mwa mawonekedwe a exanthema - mapangidwe a multiple papules ndi vesicles.
Kukula kwa matenda a nthomba kumadutsa pazigawo zingapo:
- Prodromal - vuto lachisokonezo limalowetsedwa ndi febrile pa maziko a mucosal zilonda.
- Roseola (mawanga ofiira) amaonekera - masiku awiri.
- Roseola amasandulika kuzungulira, mawonekedwe a papules (mapuloteni), atavala mzere wofiira - mpaka masiku atatu.
- Pali kusintha kwa mapepala mu vesicles (mavuvu ndi madzi achikasu otchedwa yellow yellow) masiku asanu ndi asanu kapena asanu: pa siteji iyi, thupi limakhala pang'onopang'ono pamene kutentha kumachepa.
- Masiku atatu purulent siteji - ndi vesicles ndi pustularized, pus amapangidwa mu pustules chifukwa kuphatikiza leukocyte kuphatikiza ndi pyogenic tizilombo.
- Mafinya amaumitsa, amalowetsedwa ndi zofiira zofiira: pansi pa nkhanambo zomwe zimakhala zosachepetseka patangotha sabata, mitundu yatsopano ya epithelium - kupanga mapulumulo kuchokera kumagulu ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhalapo ngati pangakhale phokoso lalikulu la mliriwu.
Mkati mwa thupi, kusinthika kwa thupi kumafotokozedwa motere:
- malo opangidwa ndi mazira a mphutsi komanso mapapo a m'mimba amatsuka;
- khosi ndi trachea zomwe zimapitirizabe kuphulika komanso ngakhale zilonda zam'mimba;
- Kuchepetsa magazi kumapezeka pamtunda, komanso m'mapapo - matenda a chiwindi ndi chiwindi;
- Mphungu imakhala ikuwonjezeka, minofu imakula;
- chiwindi chimatenga mtundu wa dothi;
- kachipatala imakhala flabby.
Zizindikiro ndi matenda a nthomba mu nkhosa ndi mbuzi
Nthaŵi ya makulitsidwe nthawi yayitali, nthawi yake imasiyanasiyana kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka masabata awiri.
Zizindikiro zikukhala motere:
- Mankhwalawa amayamba kutupa, kutuluka kwa serous kumaonekera kuchokera m'maso ndi nasal sinus, kusintha zinthu kuchokera mucous mpaka puriulent;
- chinyama chimapuma ndi kupuma movutikira;
- Kuthamanga kwa pinki kumatuluka mwamsanga kuchokera pamutu, milomo ndi maso, kupita kumbali ya m'mimba (kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo), kumatuluka, mwazimayi ndi akazi pa udder ndi labia, scrotum ndi chikopa;
- Patangopita masiku awiri, mapepala okhala ndi mikanda yofiira akukula mofulumira, pamene kutentha kwa thupi kumayamba kugwa;
- Pambuyo pa tsiku lina kapena atatu, khungu kumalo a mapepala amakhala otupa ndipo amakhala ndi mdima wofiira, ndipo mapepala okha, nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana, amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri pamene akukula, akusintha lamba wofiira ndi pinki, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapeza imvi ndi zoyera zoyera kapena zachikasu;
- Pitirizani kutsatira njira zowonongeka ndi pustulization, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapepala ambirimbiri, zimatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo kuti zikhale zolimba. Iwo, monga atsimikiziridwa kale, adzatha masiku angapo, kusiya zida zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zosavomerezeka m'malo awo.
Mawonetseredwe akunja a nkhumba za nkhosa ndi owala kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuziwona, koma kuti adziwe matendawa, ndibwino kuti tiwaganizire pasadakhale zithunzi zomwe zilipo.Palinso kuwala komwe kumatchedwa kuti mimba, pamene zochepa zazing'ono zimadutsa mofulumira komanso mosasintha, osasinthika mwachizoloŵezi, ndipo nkhosa zimangokhala zochepa chabe komanso zimakhala zosautsa, ndipo zimangobwereza pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Makamaka ana a nkhosa odwala - chifukwa cha nkhumba (yoopsa kwambiri) ya nthomba, chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe anafa chimatha kufika 4/5.
Chithandizo
Sichikumveka chokhumudwitsa, koma palibe njira zenizeni zowonetsera zodwala zamoyo ndi nthomba - sayansi ya zamoyo zakuya zamoyo sizinathe kuzikonza.
Pachifukwa ichi, kwa odwala, matenda ena amaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuchira ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amangowononga mphamvu zake, komanso mankhwala omwe amathandiza kupeŵa mavuto. Kotero, nkhosa:
- muli mosiyana mu zipinda zotetezedwa kuwonetsetsa kwa nyengo;
- amadyetsedwa bwino, akupereka kupereka chakudya chakumapeto.
M'madera a ziweto zovuta kwambiri, eni ake amakakamizika kupita kukaphedwa.Pafupipafupi, famu yonseyi ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika ndi chigamulo cha akuluakulu a dera ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziweto zogwirira ntchito ndi apolisi, omwe ali ndi zipangizo zoyenera komanso njira zowonongeka.
Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuti mudziwe bwino mtundu umenewu wa nkhosa monga merino, Romanov nkhosa, edilbayevsky, zabwino-fleeced.
Kupewa
Kusiyanitsa kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kufala kwa nthomba ku minda ina.
Njira zowonongeka zimayamba pogwiritsira ntchito katemera wothandizira nkhosa ku nzika zonse zomwe zilipo (m'mapulasi apadera komanso m'madera onse, kuphatikizapo madera omwe ali kumbali ya dera loopsa). Mitengo imatemera m'minda ndi m'midzi yomwe poyamba, osachepera 3 zaka zapitazo, chiwerengero cha nthomba chinkalembedwa ndi kuchotsedwa. 
Zomwe zili zotsatila zina zimayikidwa pazofunikira kwa omwe amasunga nkhosa. Ayenera:
- Kuteteza nkhosa, zipangizo komanso chakudya kuchokera kumadera ndi minda kumene nkhumba zinapezeka m'madera ake.
- Kuti kubwezeretsedwe kwa nkhosa kumachitika mwezi uliwonse.
- Zotsatira zogwirizana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka a zolembera, malo odyetserako ziweto, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo okwanira, omwe, monga nkhosa, ogwira ntchito oyang'anira ayenera kuikidwa.
- Kuti akwaniritse nthawi zonse zowonetsera ziweto za dziko la nkhosa.
