Mlimi aliyense amayesa kukulitsa mitu yayikulu ndi yokongola kabichi pamalopo. Mukamasankha mitundu, munthu amatsatira zomwe zimadziwika kale, zomwe zimayesedwa nthawi, zomwe nthawi zingapo zimathandizira ngakhale pamavuto amvula, ndipo wina amakonda kuyesa zatsopano. Mukasankha kucha kucha, pakati pakacha komanso mochedwa, mutha kubzala mbewuyo chilimwe chonse, ndipo mitu ina ya kabichi ikhoza kupulumutsidwa mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Zosiyanasiyana madera osiyanasiyana a Russia
Dziko la Russia limapezeka m'malo ambiri, m'malo osiyanasiyana, pomwe pamakhala chivundikiro chosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kwa pachaka. Mosakayikira, kulima mbewu zamasamba mokulira kumadalira gawo la ulimi. Madera akuluakulu ndi:
- Pakatikati:
- Moscow,
- Bryansk
- Vladimirskaya
- Ivanovskaya
- Kaluga
- Ryazan
- Smolenskaya
- Dera la Tula;
- Kumpoto chakumadzulo:
- Leningradskaya
- Vologda
- Kaliningrad
- Kostroma,
- Novgorod,
- Pskov,
- Tverskaya
- Dera la Yaroslavl;
- msewu wapakati wa Russia:
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Kursk
- Belgorod,
- Lipetsk,
- Voronezh
- Tambov
- Kirovskaya
- Penza,
- Saratov,
- Ulyanovskaya,
- Dera la Samara,
- Republic of Mari El,
- Republic of Modovia,
- Chuvash Republic;
- Ural;
- Siberia (Madera a West Siberian ndi East Siberian);
- Far East.
Mokulira, kutengera miyambo yakale, okhala m'magawo a Russia nawonso amasankha kusankha zamitundu mitundu kabichi yoyera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhazikitsidwa chikhulupiriro chomangika: "momwe makolo athu akale adabzala." Zotsatira zakusankhidwa kwamakono zikuwonetsa kusintha kwina, ndipo malonda opangidwa bwino kwambiri pamalimi amatha kuzindikira zofuna za alimi a dera lililonse. Nthawi yomweyo, zofunika zazikulu za ogula zamasamba sizimachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaposa zotsatira zobzala mitundu yazikhalidwe. Izi ndi zokolola zambiri, komanso kukaniza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso kusungiramo nyengo yozizira, ndi kukoma mukamadyedwa mwatsopano, komanso kuthekera kokakamira.
Kusankhidwa kwanyumba kumakhala mitundu yoyesedwa ya kabichi yoyera. Zinalengedwa m'ma 1940 - 1960s ndipo ndizoyenera kuwerengera ziweto komanso malo amabizinesi azilimo.
Gome: mitundu yoyera kabichi yoyera, yoyesedwa nthawi
| Mayina osiyanasiyana, chaka chophatikizidwa mu State Record | Dera lomwe likukula bwino | Kulemera kwa mutu wa kabichi, kg |
| Amager 611 (1943) | Madera onse a Russia, kupatula Siberia. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 2,5 - 3,0 |
| Belorussia 455 (1943) | Madera onse a Russia, kupatula North Caucasus. | 1,3 - 4,0 |
| Zisanu 1474 (1963) | Dera la Moscow, mzere wapakati wa Russia, Far East. | 2,0 - 3,6 |
| Mahekitala agolide 1432 (1943) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 1,6 - 3,3 |
| Chiwerengero Choyamba Gribovsky 147 (1940) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 0,9 - 2,2 |
| Nambala wani Polar K 206 (1950) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 1,6 - 3,2 |
| Mphatso (1961) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 2,6 - 4,4 |
| Ulemerero 1305 (1940) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 2,4 - 4,5 |
Kubala sikuyimilira, ndipo mitundu yaposachedwa yapezeka yomwe yatchuka kale.
Gome: Zina Zamakabati Zamakono
| Maina osiyanasiyana, chaka chophatikizira kalembera | Dera lomwe likukula bwino | Kulemera kwa mutu wa kabichi, kg |
| Aggressor (2003) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. | 2,5 - 3,0 |
| Atria (1994) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. | 1,5 - 3,7 |
| Gloria (2008) | Dera la Moscow, dera lapakati la Russia, North Caucasus. | 1,8 - 2,6 |
| Mwana (2010) | Dera la Volga-Vyatka, Western Siberia, Belarus. | 0,8 - 1,0 |
| Megaton (1996) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. Madera onse a Ukraine ndi Belarus. | 3,2 - 4,1 |
| Rinda (1993) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. | 3,2 - 3,7 |
| Ngwazi zitatu (2003) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. | 10,0 - 15,0 |
| Fotokozani (2003) | Madera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Far East. | 0,9 - 1,3 |
Kukolola mitundu
Zokolola zamitundu mitundu zimatsimikiziridwa osati ndi kulemera kwa mutu wa kabichi wamkulu, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kudera lililonse. Zokolola zimakhudzidwa ndi:
- kubzala mbewu
- pafupifupi mutu wolemera
- agrotechnical zikhalidwe za kulima (zokwanira ndi nthawi yothirira, kuthana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda, ndi zina).
Gome: zomwe muyenera kubzala kuti mbewuyo ikhale yolemera
| Dera la grade | Kupanga, kg / m2 | Zolemba Zamakalasi |
| Amager 611 | 4,0 - 6,0 |
|
| Aggressor | 5,0 - 8,0 |
|
| Mahekitala agolide 1432 | 5,0 - 8,5 |
|
| Mphatso | 8,0 - 10,0 |
|
| Rinda | 9,0 - 10,0 |
|
| Ngwazi zitatu | 20,0 - 25,0 |
|
Koma posankha kabichi yosiyanasiyana, simungangodalira chizindikiro cha zokolola. Malo, malo, nyengo, dothi ndi zina za zigawo za Russia, komanso njira zomwe agrotechnical amagwiritsa ntchito polima mbewuyi, amakakamiza alimi a masamba kuti asankhe mitundu kuchokera pamitundu yambiri. Osaiwala chizindikiritso cha zomwe makasitomala amakonda ndi zomwe amakonda kuphika.
Pochita mchere ndi kusungirako
Kabichi yoyera ya kukhwima kwapakatikati (masiku 120 - 140) itha kubzalidwa kumadera aku kumpoto kwa Russia. Mitundu yakucha chakumapeto (masiku 150 - 180) nthawi zambiri imalimidwa pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa dzikolo. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwakutali, mitu yayikulu komanso yabuluu imapezeka, yoyenera kusungidwa nthawi yozizira, kusungunuka ndi kuwotcha.
Gome: Mitundu ya kabichi yosungirako, yokoka ndi kubudula
| Dera la grade | Nthawi yakucha (masiku) | Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito |
| Aggressor | Pakatikati mochedwa (130-150) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka, kusungitsa kwakanthawi kochepa. |
| Amager 611 | Kucha mochedwa (120-150) | Kusungidwa kwa dzinja. |
| Atria | Kucha mochedwa (140-150) | Kusunga kwa dzinja, kukonza kwa mafakitale. |
| Belorussia 455 | Nyengo yapakatikati (105-130) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka, kusungitsa kwakanthawi kochepa. |
| Gloria | Nyengo yapakati (100-120) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka. |
| Zisanu 1474 | Kucha mochedwa (160-170) | Kusungidwa kwa dzinja. |
| Megaton | Pakatikati mochedwa (130-150) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka. |
| Mphatso | Pakatikati mochedwa (130-150) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka. |
| Rinda | Oyambirira Pakati (100-120) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka. |
| Ulemerero 1305 | Nyengo yapakati (100-120) | Kuthira mchere, kukoka. |
| Ngwazi zitatu | Kucha mochedwa (160-170) | Kusungidwa kwa dzinja. |
Ndi njira zofananira zosungira kabichi (pickling ndi pickling), pali zosiyana zina. Fermentation imachitika ndi masoka Fermentation ndi mapangidwe lactic acid kuchokera dzuwa lomwe limapezeka kabichi. Mukasamba mchere, ntchito yofunikira ya microflora yosafunidwa imapanikizidwa ndi mchere, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pamakhala kuthekera kwa chitukuko cha mabakiteriya a lactic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwina kwa ethanol, acetic acid ndi kaboni diokosijeni kumapangidwa mumtambo wa kabichi, zomwe sizimasokoneza mayendedwe amkati, koma zimapangitsa kukoma kwa malonda omaliza.
Nthano ya Shade-Hardy
Tekinoloji yaulimi yolimidwa yamtundu uliwonse wa kabichi yoyera mumabwalo am'nyumba kapena pamabwalo amilandu yamalonda siyimagwiritsa ntchito madera omata. Chikhalidwe ichi chimafuna malo otseguka kuti apeze mbewu yabwino. Kuwala kwadzuwa ndi nthawi yake ndikumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa umuna - ichi ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu cha bwino.
Zachidziwikire, pamalo achinsinsi pamalopo pamakhala malo otetezedwa omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumtengo wamitengo ndi zitsamba. Malo awa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchititsa mbewu zogwirizira pamthunzi, koma kabichi yoyera siyikuphatikizidwa muzomera izi.
Kutsimikizira izi kungakhale chitsanzo chowonera pawokha. Woyandikana naye mchaka adabzala kabichi yoyera ya mtundu wa Slava 1305 mulingo wazomera 20 m'malo ena owonjezedwa ndi mitengo yazipatso yabwino. Adalimbikitsa izi kubzala kabichi mosavuta - kulibe malo okwanira, ndipo ndichisoni kutaya mbande kunja. M'nthawi yachilimwe, tekinoloji kapena ulimi wothirira sizinabweretse phindu, ngakhale dzuwa limayang'ana malowa masana. Zomera zabwinozo zinali zopanda mphamvu, zinali zazitali, komanso zazing'onoting'ono chifukwa cha mphepo yomwe inali kubwera. Koma chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuwonda kwa chisoti cha mitengo kuchokera masamba okugwa kuyamba, mbande zinayamba kukula, ndikupanga mphamvu yowoneka. Ngakhale mitu yaying'ono ya kabichi idayamba. Nthawi yokolola itafika, zotsatira zake zinali motere: Mitu ya kabichi inali yolumikizidwa 60% yazomera ndipo inali yopanda tanthauzo. Kukula kwa mutu "wobala" kabichi sikunadutsepo ziwonetsero ziwiri, ndipo mbewu yonseyo, pamapeto pake, idapita kukadyetsa ziweto.
Kabichi wokhala ndi masiku osiyana okucha
Kusankha kwamitundu ikuluikulu ya kabichi kosiyana ndi nthawi yakucha kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mbewu ngakhale m'madera omwe sakhala kotentha.
Fotokozani
Oyambirira kucha kucha. Chimalimbikitsidwa pakumwa kwatsopano. Nthawi kuchokera kumera kwathunthu mpaka pachiyambi chaukadaulo waumisiri - 60 - 95 masiku. Rosette wa masamba woleredwa. Tsamba limakhala laling'ono, lalikulu, lopanda, zobiriwira, lophimba pang'ono waxy.
Kabichi Express imakhazikika molawirira
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wocheperako, wozungulira, wosavundukuka, woyera m'gawolo. Zomangira zakunja ndi zamkati ndizifupi. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino komanso kwabwino. Zotulutsa katundu 3.3 - 3.8 kg / m2.
Mwana
Oyambirira kucha osakanizidwa. Chimalimbikitsidwa pakumwa kwatsopano. Nthawi kuchokera kumera kwathunthu mpaka pachiyambi cha ukadaulo waumisiri ndi masiku 90 - 110. Rosette wamasamba yopingasa. Tsamba limakhala laling'ono, labwinobwino, losalala, lopaka pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono.
Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono, woyera. Wokonda kunjaku ndi wamfupi, wamkati ndi wautali. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino komanso kwabwino. Zotulutsa katundu 2.0 - 3.8 kg / m2.
Chiwerengero Choyamba Gribovsky 147
Chimalimbikitsidwa pakumwa kwatsopano. Kupsa koyambirira. Masamba a Rosette amapindika, theka-lawukitsidwa. Tsamba limakhala laling'ono, lozungulira, lobiriwira, lophimba pang'ono waxy, losalala, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mphepete.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wozungulira kapena wozungulira, wowonda. Poker wamkati ndi wamfupi. Zotsatira zamalonda 2.5 - 6.7 kg / m2.
Zokolola za Gribovsky zosiyanasiyana zimakhala pafupifupi 7 kg
Polar K 206
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupanga koyambirira kwa chilimwe ku Siberia ndi Urals, ndi ku North North, kuwonjezera, kutola ndi zochepa zosungiramo zatsopano mpaka Januware. Pakati koyambirira. Tsamba limakhala lokutira, lamtundu wobiriwira, wokutira wofiirira, wokutidwa pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mbali.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wozungulira kapena wozungulira, wosalala. Mkati wamkati wamtali wautali. Lawani zokolola zabwino Zambiri 3,4 - 6.6 kg / m2.
Sauerkraut mitundu Polar K 206 ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe ku Siberia ndi Urals
Belorussia 455
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, posankha ndi kutulutsa kwakanthawi kochepa. Nyengo yapakati. Masamba a Rosette amakula, mulifupi. Tsamba limakhala lotalikirana, kuyambira kutuwa kubiriwira mpaka kubiriwira kwakuda, yosalala, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mphepete.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wamtali-kakulidwe, wowonda, wowonda, loyera. Poker wamkati ndi wamfupi, wakunja ndi wautali. Zokolola zamakampani 4.7 - 7.8 kg / m2.
Kabuu wam'madzi wapakati pa Belarus amatha kuthira mchere osasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali
Gloria
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano. Nyengo yapakati. Masamba a Rosette otukulidwa bwino. Tsamba la sing'anga wamkulu, wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi wokutira waxy, wopepuka pang'ono, wopindika m'mphepete.
Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono, woyera. Poker wamkati ndi wamfupi, wakunja ndi wautali. Zodala zapamadzi 4.8 - 5.7 kg / m2.
Masamba a kabichi a Gloria - wobiriwira-wobiriwira, wokutira waxy
Ulemerero 1305
Zosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo yapakatikati. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kuti azinunkha. Rosette wa masamba woleredwa. Tsamba limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, lofiirira, labiriwira komanso utoto pang'ono waxy, wokutira bwino, wopingasa.
Masamba amutu ndi apakati komanso akulu, ozungulira, amakulunga. Poker yamkati ndi yayitali kutalika, yakunja ndiyifupi. Zotsatira zamalonda 5.7 - 9.3 kg / m2.
Kukula kwa kabichi kalasi kabichi Slava - sing'anga mpaka wamkulu
Rinda
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kuti azikhomera. Nyengo yapakati. Rosette wamasamba ndiwotukulidwa pang'ono, wopindika. Mutu wa kabichi ndi wozungulira, wandiweyani, wowoneka wachikasu m'gawolo. Kukoma kwakukulu. Zomangira zakunja ndi zamkati ndizifupi. Kuchita 9.0 - 9.1 kg / m2.
Rinda kabichi amakonda kwambiri
Mahekitala agolide 1432
Zosiyanasiyana ndizakatundu koyambirira. Chimalimbikitsidwa pakumwa kwatsopano.. Masamba a Rosette amapindika, theka-lawukitsidwa. Tsamba limakhala laling'ono, lozungulira komanso lozungulira, labiriwira lobiriwira, lophimba pang'ono pang'ono laxy, losalala, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mphepete.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wozungulira, wochepa mpaka sing'anga, osati wandiweyani. Zoyambira mkati ndi zakunja ndizifupi. Zodulitsa zamtundu wa 5.0 - 8.5 kg / m2.
Mahekitala apakati-oyambirira Golide amapatsa mitu yaying'ono ndi yaying'ono ya kabichi
Aggressor
Mitundu yapakatikati. Chalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, posankha ndi kutulutsa kwakanthawi kochepa.. Rosette wa masamba woleredwa. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi, lalifupi, lamtundu wobiriwira, utoto wokuyamwa, wamawonekedwe pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mphepete.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wamtali-kakulidwe, wozungulira, wokutidwa, wowonda, woyera. Lawani zabwino. Ntchito 5.0 - 8.0 kg / m2.
Kabichi Aggressor - sing'anga mochedwa zosiyanasiyana
Megaton
Mitundu yapakatikati. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kuti azinunkha. Rosette wamasamba opingasa mpaka theka-wokhazikika, wamkulu. Tsamba ndilalikulu, lozungulira, lopindika bwino, labwinobwino komanso labwinobwino, loyera pang'ono.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wozungulira, wokutidwa ndi theka, wosalala, wandiweyani. Poker wamkati ndi wamfupi. Lawani zabwino ndi zabwino. Zokolola zamakampani 5.9 - 9.4 g / m2.
Zokolola za kabichi Megaton - zoposa 9 kg
Mphatso
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kuti azinunkha. Mitundu yapakatikati. Masamba a Rosette amakula pang'ono, pakati. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi komanso lozungulira, lozungulira komanso lowoneka bwino, komanso utoto wokulira, m'mphepete.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wamtali-kakulidwe, wozungulira-lathyathyathya kuzungulira, wandiweyani. Okonza kunja ndi mkati mwa mtunda wautali. Kukoma kwakukulu. Zotsatira zamalonda 5.8 - 9.1 g / m2.
Mphatso zakumapeto kwakanthawi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kuti zithe
Amager 611
Zapsa mochedwa. Chalangizidwa posungira nyengo yachisanu. Rosette wa masamba a sing'anga kukula, theka-kufalikira, wokhala ndi masamba otukulira. Tsamba limakhala pakati, mulitali. Masamba owoneka bwino amasintha kwambiri. Pamaso pake pali masamba osalala kapena opindika pang'ono, amtundu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi zokutira olimba.
Amager amalima mochedwa kucha
Atria
Zapsa mochedwa. Chalangizidwa posungira nyengo yachisanu. Rosette wa masamba a sing'anga kukula, ali ndi theka-masamba. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi, lozungulira, mwamphamvu. Pamaso pake pali masamba osalala kapena owoneka bwino, amtundu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi zokutira olimba.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wamtali-kakulidwe, wowonda, wopanda makulidwe, wandiweyani. Kocheryga ndi yayitali kutalika, ndipo mkati ndi wamfupi. Lawani zabwino ndi zabwino. Ntchito 3.5 - 10,5 g / m2.
Atria kabichi akulimbikitsidwa kuti azisungira nthawi yachisanu
Zisanu
Zapsa mochedwa. Chimalimbikitsidwa kuti isungidwe yozizira komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano kuchokera theka lanyengo yachisanu. Rosette wa masamba a sing'anga kukula, ali ndi theka-masamba. Tsamba ndilalikulu, lozungulira, lobiriwira lamtundu wamtambo, lophimba mwamphamvu waxy.
Mutu wa kabichi ndi wamtali-kakulidwe, wozungulira-lathyathyathya, wandiweyani. Mkati wamkati wamtali wautali. Lawani zabwino. Zokolola zamakampani 4.5 - 5.3 g / m2.
Zimovka yosachedwa kucha kwambiri imatha kudyedwa kuchokera theka lanyengo yachisanu
Ngwazi zitatu
Chakumapeto kucha kalasi. Chimalimbikitsidwa kuti isungidwe nthawi yozizira ndi kumwa mu mawonekedwe osankhidwa.
Ngwazi zitatu zitha kusungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira
Ndemanga
Bzalani Atria ndi Kilaton posungira.
tep//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6637&start=840
Atria - kabichi yanga yomwe ndimakonda kwambiri, ndidzakulitsa nyengo yachisanu, imasungidwa bwino, yowutsa mudyo, okoma, zomwe zimadabwitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yabwino. Tsoka ilo, malo ake amadalira kwambiri wopanga.
Chiyembekezo AA//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=19141&st=198
Ndimabzala Megaton, Kilaton ndi Atsewera Atatu. Kabichi wabwino kwambiri.
LIBER COMME LE VENT//ok.ru/urozhaynay/topic/66058133148954
Ndinayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi yoyera: SB-3, Megaton, apongozi anga, Rinda F1 ndi ena .. Kwambiri ndimakonda Rinda F1 (mndandanda wama Dutch) komanso kuchokera koyambirira kwa Nozomi F1 (mndandanda waku Japan). Ndikwabwino kuti tisatenge mbewu zathu zowonjezera izi, sizinaphuke kuchokera kwa ine (mbewu za Altai, Euroseeds).
krv//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=49975
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya kabichi yoyera ndikodabwitsa. Zochulukitsa, zogulitsa ndi zogulitsa zimakupatsani mwayi wobzala mbewu m'magawo onse a Russia.
