Funso la kukula kwa mavwende mu dziko likufunika kwambiri. Mabulosiwa ndi nyumba yosungiramo zakudya. Lili ndi mavitamini ndikuwunika zinthu zomwe zili ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, chiwindi ndi impso, osati chipatso chokoma kwambiri. Monga china chirichonse, vwende yakukula pa chiwembu chanu chidzakhala chopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa chogula.
Mukudziwa? Mavwende si mabulosi enieni, makamaka mchere wa zipatso wa mavwende. Chitsanzo cha mabulosi omwewo ndi phwetekere. Chipatso ichi ndi mabulosi a tomato.
Momwe mungakhalire mbande zavwende
Monga mukudziwira, ngati mutabzala mbeu yavwende pamtunda mofulumira, simungathe kukolola mbewu - mbewu zidzangowola chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthaka, ndipo ngati zatha, sadzakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse nyengo isanafike. Njira yotulukira nyengo yathu idzakhala yosankhidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yosakanizidwa, yotsatiridwa ndi kuika mbande.
Kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha
Popeza mavwende amakonda kuwala, sipangakhale mitengo ndi tchire pafupi ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Mbande zidzakhala pano kwa mwezi umodzi musanadzalemo mavwende pamtunda. Panthawiyi, mbande siziyenera kukhudzidwa ndi mpweya wozizira, choncho, zitha kuthetsa izi. Ndi bwino kuyamba ntchito mkatikatikati mwa kasupe. Konzani gawo loyenera. Choyamba, tenga nyembazo ndi nyemba (1: 3) ndikuwonjezera feteleza ndi nitrogen ndi potaziyamu (theka la supuni) ndi makapu atatu a feteleza ndi phosphorous. M'mawu ake achiwiri, onjezerani poto la potaziyamu sulfate ndi galasi la phulusa mumtsuko.
Pofuna kukula bwino mbande zamatoni, choyamba musankhe mbewu zabwino. Kuti muchite izi, onetsetsani mu brine. Mbeu za Sunken ndizoyenera kumera. Azimutsuka ndi madzi, kenaka zilowerere kwa theka la ora mu njira yothetsera manganese ndipo kamodzinso muvike m'madzi. Tsopano kwa mphindi 10-30, asiye nyemba m'madzi otentha (kutentha pafupifupi 50-55 ° C), kenaka pitirizani kumalo otchedwa "naklevyvaniya".
Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kumalo awo osiyana, okhala ndi theka (pafupifupi masentimita 10 mu memphitiko) mpaka akuya masentimita 2 mpaka 4. Pamaso kumera, pitirizani kufunika kutentha: masana pamlingo wa 23- + 25 ° С, ndipo usiku - + 18 ° С. Pambuyo pa mphukira zikuwoneka, kwa masiku 4-6 ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mtengo wapatali wa 18 ° С. M'tsogolo, sungani zizindikiro za kutentha pa 20- + 25 ° С masana ndi 16- + 18 ° С usiku.
Onetsetsani kuti pali malo okwanira pakati pa zitsulo ndi zomera sizikhudza masamba. Perekani kuyatsa kokwanira: Gwiritsani ntchito nyali kwa maola 12-14 tsiku ndi tsiku. Imwani nyemba zokha ndi madzi ofunda, osati nthawi zambiri, koma mochuluka. Yesani kugwa pa masamba.
Pakakhala masiku 10-12 otsalira musanadzalemo, pitirizani kuuma kwa mbande ndi kutsegula wowonjezera kutentha kwa maola 1.5-2, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha maola. Musanadzalemo ndikofunikira kuchoka kutentha kutseguka kwa tsiku.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala m'nthaka, ikani nyemba pambali pake. Izi zidzathandiza kuti kachilombo kamatulukidwe kuchokera ku chipolopolo, koma simukusowa kuti mukhale ndi mbeu. Mbande musazitsine.
Kukula pakhomo
Kukula mbande kunyumba ndikofanana ndi kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha. Tikusowa gawo limodzi lomwe ndikukonzekera mbewu. Ngati mutabzala mu miphika, ayenera kutsekedwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, ndipo mutatha kumera, ndi bwino kuyika mazenera pawindo lakumwera kumene kuli kuwala. Palinso kusiyana pakati pa kutentha ndi zovuta.
Musanayambe kutsegulira pansi (masiku 7-10), mbande ziyenera kuumitsa, chifukwa izi muyenera kuyendera zomera ndikuchepetse kutentha kwa 15- + 17 ° С masana ndi 12- + 15 ° С usiku.
Kusankha malo okuma mavwende
Ndikofunika kuti malo oti mubzala mavwende ayambe bwino. Chomera ndi malo abwino, mchenga kapena mchenga, makamaka ndale kapena zamchere. Kumayenera kum'mwera, kum'mwera cha kumadzulo kwa malowa. Chifukwa cha zenizeni za mizu, madzi apansi ayenera kukhala ozama kwambiri. Komanso samalani kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Chabwino, ngati mavwende asanayambe, nyemba, nyengo yozizira, kabichi kapena chimanga zikukula m'deralo. Sitikuyenera kuwalima pambuyo mavwende, tomato kapena nkhaka.
Kodi kuziika mbande yotseguka pansi
Sayansi yamakono yotulutsa mavwende kumunda imapatsa feteleza nthaka kuyambira kugwa, yomwe humus kapena feteleza (organic rotted) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'chaka, imangokhala kukumba bwino m'deralo (osachepera 30 cm). Mukhoza kupanga mabedi ndi malo otsetsereka kummwera, kutalika kwa masentimita 15. Mipando yomwe ili ndi mita imodzi, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita awiri ndi hafu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Nthawi ikafika popanda usiku chisanu (kawirikawiri mapeto a masika), ndipo zomera zimakhala ndi masamba 3-4 omwe apangidwa kale, mukhoza kubzala mbewu pamalo otseguka. Chomwecho chisanafike moisteni ndipo kokha pambuyo pa malo amenewo pali chomera chokhala ndi dothi lopangidwa ndi nthaka, masamba, koma masamba a cotyledon ayenera kukhala pamwamba. Kwa kanthawi, kubwezeretsa kusanafike, mapesi ayenera kumeta.
Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa nthawi yoyamba mutabzala, komanso usiku wozizira, kuti muphimbe mavitamini pansi pa filimuyo, lusoli limakuthandizani kuteteza mphukira zakuda kuchokera ku hypothermia.
Malamulo a Zakudya za Mavwende
Pambuyo pa kusamalidwa ayenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta kuti asamalire, ndiye kuti padzakhalanso wolemera wokolola.
Kutentha ndi kuyatsa
Chivwende ndi chomera chokonda kutentha. Kwa moyo wokhutira, feteleza wa mazira ochuluka, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa + 25 ° C. Pafupifupi 15 ° C, chitukuko chimachepa, ndipo chimakhala chozizira kwambiri, zomera zimatha kudwala ndikufa. Zikatero, filimu yotchulidwa kale imatchedwanso kuteteza vwende. Chofunika chofanana ndi kuunikira - musadere mitengo. Pakati pa nyengo, nyengo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Zikatero, ingogwira zitsamba zina ndi maluwa.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Kuti musamalire mavwende musamamwe madzi nthawi zambiri, koma kuthirira kungakhale kochuluka. Pakati pa maluwa, kuyambira kwa madzi kumachitika kamodzi patsiku masiku 3-4, ndipo poyambira zipatso zoyamba, kupeza zipatso zowutsa mudyo, chinyezi cha nthaka chiyenera kuchepetsedwa kufikira 70-75% ndi kuthirira (pokhapokha ngati mpweya ulibe kwa mwezi umodzi). Kuthirira m'mphepete mwa grooves, madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda.
Nthaka feteleza
Mutabzala, dikirani masabata awiri, ndikudyetsani zomera ndi ammonium nitrate, madzi mullein kapena zitosi za nkhuku. Nthawi zina feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba. Tengani calcium chloride, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1.5.
Nthawi yokolola
Kawirikawiri, chivwende chimapsa masiku 30 mutapanga mazira. Za kukula kwake zidzakuuzani kuyanika kwa chifuwa, kugwa kwa tsitsi la tsinde, makungwa a glossiness. Onaninso mtundu wa zamkati ndi mbewu. Ndilo khalidwe la mtundu uliwonse ndipo lidzakuthandizani kuzindikira momwe zinthu zilili poyamba.
Mavwende amakololedwa posankha, pamene akukula, koma amaliza kukonza asanayambe chisanu.
Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya mtedza waukulu kwambiri inakhazikitsidwa mu 1994. Mabulosi omwe ankalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 69 adakula ku China (m'chigawo cha Heilongjiang).
Chozizwitsa chipatso, momwe mungakwerere vwende lapakati
Chozizwitsa choterocho chinapangidwa ku Japan mu zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo. Square, kapena kanikiki amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso za mitundu iliyonse. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira kubeti yoyerekeza 20 × 20 × 20, yopangidwa ndi zinthu zomveka, monga pulasitiki. Pamwamba kumtunda uko muyenera kukhala dzenje pafupi masentimita atatu. Mbali yoyandikana nayo iyenera kuchotsedwa. Mu ngodya akusowa mabowo a 5-8 mm.
Pamene mavwende amakula mpaka kukula kwa mpira wonyamulira - ikani mu cube, ndipo perekani tsinde kupyola khoma la pamwamba. Kuwonjezeka, mabulosi amadzaza chidebe ndipo amatenga mawonekedwe a cubic. Koma, popeza n'zovuta kufotokoza kukula kwa chipatsocho, nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuchotsa muchitsimecho ngati sichiri, kapena chikhoza kubzala kale ndipo sichitha konse.
Mulimonsemo, ichi ndi chodziwika kwambiri komanso chosasangalatsa pa nthawi yapadera.
Mwasonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza kukula kwavwende kumunda. Ngakhale chifukwa cha nyengo yathu si ntchito yosavuta, koma imatheka ndithu. Ngati mukulimbana ndi mavuto onse, posachedwa mutha kukondwera ndi chipatso chodabwitsa ichi kuchokera pa chiwembu chanu.
