Garden sitiroberi ndi therere losatha la mtundu wa Strawberry ku banja la Rosy, malo omwe akugawidwa ndi Europe, kupatula kumpoto chakumwera ndi kumwera, North ndi South America. Pali matenda ambiri a sitiroberi m'munda. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, muyenera kudziwa matenda oyamba ndi njira zoyenera kuthana nawo.
Ndikofunikira! Strawberry ali ndi chisanu chotsutsa, koma amantha kwambiri chilala. Kukula kwake ndi fruiting zimachitika bwino panthawi yochepa mdima.
Kodi kuchiza strawberries ku zowola
Pali matenda ambiri a munda wa sitiroberi, ndipo mankhwala awo ayenera kuyambitsidwa mwamsanga kuti athe kupewa matenda akuluakulu ndi kusunga zokolola. Kawirikawiri zimakhudza mabedi a sitiroberi kuvunda. Matendawa ali ndi mitundu ingapo.
Grey kuvunda mankhwala
Choyamba, zizindikiro zofiira kwambiri zimapezeka pa mabulosi, ndikukula mofulumira ndi kukula ndi kukula kwa maluwa, kenako kamwana kamene kamasokonezeka kamene kamatuluka, kumatsatiridwa ndi mawanga otupa kapena ofiira. 
Mankhwalawa, prophylactic kupopera mankhwala ndi Bordeaux madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka, ndipo matendawo amachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa kuti ateteze kufalikira kwa bowa m'munda. Muyeneranso kusaiwala za kusintha kwa mbeu, musalole kuti zomera ziwonjezeke, nthawi zonse udzuwo ukhale udzu, ndipo madzulo a fruiting, dulani nthaka ndi udzu ndi kompositi, kuti zipatso zokolola zisakhudze nthaka. Apanso, tchire tiyenera kukonzedwa mu kugwa kuti tigwirizanitse zotsatira.
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi njira zabwino zowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi. Pofuna kupewa zinthu zopindulitsa, nkhungu yoyamba iyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Momwe mungachotsere zovunda zoyera pa strawberries
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndicho bowa chotchedwa ascomycete, chomwe chimakhudza masamba ndi zipatso. Mikangano yake imatengedwa ndi mphepo. Mukhoza kuona zovunda zoyera panthawi ya zipatso zokometsera zipatso, kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi chinyezi chakuda komanso zowonongeka. Pa chipatso chovunda ndipo fluff ndi yoyera, masamba amataya mtundu wawo ndi youma. N'zotheka kuchiza chomera mothandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yapadera ("Derozalom" kapena maonekedwe ake). Palinso chitetezo chophweka cha strawberries ku matenda: kupewa nyemba zowola, zomera zonse zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi, zomera zokhazokha ziyenera kubzalidwa, mabedi azikhala bwino. 
Mankhwala ovunda akuda
Zovunda zakuda zimakhudza zipatso, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zimakhala zokhala ndi bulauni, zimakhala zokoma, zimatulutsa kukoma, zimalawa, kenako zimazembedwa zokhala ndi mitundu yopanda utoto komanso kenako zimakhala zobiriwira, zomwe ndi mycelium ya bowa ndi sporangia. Kutentha ndi chinyezi zingayambitse matendawa. Pofuna kupeŵa matenda, strawberries ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuŵa ndi mvula, ndipo mu kugwa akukonzekera kupopera Kudzala, kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene pali kukula kwa masamba, ndi Euparen ndi Kusintha.
Kodi kuthana ndi wilting strawberries
Pachizindikiro choyamba cha wilting strawberries, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga, mukuwona njira zofunikira za ulimi.
Zowonongeka kwambiri za strawberries
Kufiira kwa petioles pa nthawi pafupi ndi mapeto a nyengo yokula, ndege ndi zachilendo za chitsamba ndi zizindikiro za matendawa. Choyamba, masamba achikale akale amafa, ndiye chitsamba chonse. M'nthaka yamchenga izi zimapezeka pawindo la mphenzi; nthaka loamy ndi mchenga zimachepetsa njirayi. Mu mawonekedwe osatha a verticillary wilting, masamba akuchedwa mu chitukuko, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa kwambiri.
Pali dongosolo lapadera la processing strawberries ku matenda:
- Kuteteza zipatso sizilangizidwa kubzala mitundu yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, m'madera omwe mwakhala mukubzala tomato, mbatata, mavwende, mabulosi akuda, biringanya. Mitengo imeneyi imayamba kudwala matendawa.
- Pofuna kubzala strawberries, nthaka yothira bwino, yokhala bwino bwino, ndi yabwino, koma madera ochepa ndi madera ouma kwambiri ayenera kupewa.
- Mbeu zokha zomwe zimayesedwa bwino ndi mabakiteriya Verticillium zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yowonongeka, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino zothetsera vutoli. Ngati mitundu ingakhale yowonongeka, nthaka isanafike, yomwe imathandizira kuthetsa tizilombo m'nthaka, namsongole, komanso mbewu zawo, mabakiteriya omwe amanyamula matenda, bowa, etc. Njira yabwino kwambiri imaperekedwa ndi 33% ya chloropicrin. ndi 66% ya methyl bromidi.
Phytophthora wilt
Wowonekera mu kubwezeretsanso kwa mizu yachitsulo, imafalikira kudzera mu mbande zopweteka ndi nthaka yomwe yayamba kale kuipitsidwa. Choyamba, masamba apansi amafota, ndiye axial cylinder wa chomera mizu amapeza pabuka mtundu, ndipo blackening ndi kufa zazing'ono njira zimachitika panthawi imodzi.. Muzitetezera, nkofunika kukonza mizu ya sitiroberi mu yankho la "Readzole" musanadzalemo. Amafunika kuti azitsatira matenda a strawberries omwe ali ndi matenda. Kuchiza mankhwala oyenera "Ridomil" ndi "Kvadris". Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti n'kosatheka kubzala mitengo ya sitiroberi panthaka yomwe mbatata idakula kale. Pambuyo pa njira yobzala, spray ndi fungicides - Fitosporin ndi Extrasol adzachita. Komanso, mbande sizingakhoze kubzalidwa patali pang'ono, wina masentimita 40.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti strawberries amawoneka ngati okoma zipatso, shuga wokhutira mmenemo ndi osachepera ndimu.
Fusarium wilt
Bowa limapangitsa mphukira kwathunthu, imfa imachitika mkati mwa masiku 45. Fusarium wilting imafesa mbewu m'nyengo ya chilimwe mwa kulowa mbande zokhudzidwa m'munda. Mphuno ya mchere imasiya kukula, masamba amafota ndi kufa. Froberberries ayenera kuthiridwa ndi "Fundazol" ndi "Trikhoderma", ndipo nthaka iyenera kuchitidwa ndi "Nitrafen". Musanabzala, imwani mizu ya zomera mu "Gumate-K" yankho, ndipo muyambe kuthira dziko ndi potassium okusayidi.
Nchifukwa chiyani madontho amawoneka pa masamba a sitiroberi
Mawanga pa sitiroberi masamba amanena za zomera zoonongeka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.
White malo
Matenda osakwanira. Zimakhudza kwambiri masamba, maluwa ndi mapesi a strawberries. Zipangizo za fungal zimafalikira pamodzi ndi madzi, timagulu ting'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga masamba omwe ali ndi mnofu woyera, womwe umatuluka kenako ndi dzenje likuwoneka m'malo mwake. Chithandizo chimaperekedwa kudzera mwa "Sinthani" ndi "Euparin", koma pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a matendawa, amayenera kupopera mphukira ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mkuwa kuti ayambe ovary. Nthawi zonse chotsani zomera zodwala. Pamaso maluwa, ndi zofunika kukonza 3-4% Bordeaux madzi; kwa iwo amene akudabwa, kuti aziwaza bwanji strawberries m'dzinja - kuti ayambirenso njirayi mapeto a fruiting.
Brown malo
Matendawa adzabweretsa mavuto ochulukirapo, ngati simukuyamba nthawi yokonza vutoli. Kukula kwa matendawa kumachitika mu Julayi - August, nthawi zambiri masamba amavutika, pang'ono ndi masewera ndi petioles. Mawanga akuluakulu amaoneka pamasamba, mofewa ndi maonekedwe ake, amdima wofiira, kenako amavala mtundu wofiirira. Mankhusu amwazikana pamtunda - matupi a chipatso cha causative wodwalayo, omwe pamapeto pake amatuluka, ndi spores zakuda omwe akuuma kunja. Kulima fungus, komwe kumathandiza kuti matendawa asatuluke, kutha, ndipo masambawo amapereka chithunzi cha zouma. Mawanga pa ndevu ndi mapesi amakhala ang'onoang'ono, amavutika maganizo ndipo sabala zipatso.
Mawanga aang'ono pa petioles ndi ndevu, opsinjika pang'ono, opanda kuzindikiritsa fruiting, komanso kukhala ofiira. Kutentha kotentha kumathandizira kuti chitukuko chikule. Spores amawongolera mwamphamvu ndikuwunika ndipo palibe. Matendawa amanyamulidwa ndi chinyezi, chomwe chimachepetsa mitsempha ya spore yomwe yauma palimodzi, ndipo chifukwa chake, imauluka mlengalenga. Kawirikawiri matendawa amachokera kumunsi kwa mbeu, ndipo nthawi yosakaniza ndi ya masiku asanu kapena asanu. Zolingazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "Fundazol"; monga tcheru, ndikofunikira kuti utsire strawberries m'chaka musanadzalemo Bordeaux osakaniza.
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi mabulosi okhawo padziko lapansi, omwe mbewu zake zili kunja, osati mkati.
Kodi kuchiza strawberries ku powdery mildew
Matendawa amadziwika ngati mawonekedwe oyera a mbali zonse ziwiri za masamba. Popanda kuphuka, masambawo amasiya mofulumira, zimakhala zowonongeka pakatikati, zomwe zimachitika ndi sitiroberi masharubu, komanso kusungunuka kwa masamba ndi khalidwe. Mpweya wofunda wotentha umachulukitsa matendawa. Momwe zimakhalira kumapeto kwa masamba, masamba akamakula, amawombera ndi fungicides, ndipo ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekera, amachizidwa ndi Readzole mutatha kukolola.
Kupopera masamba ndi 3% urea kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi boron yankho pa maluwa nthawi iliyonse masiku 3-4 adzakhala yabwino sitiroberi chakudya. Izi zidzathandiza kulimbikitsa zipatso zamtsogolo, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa ovary ndi zipatso.
Samalani strawberries anu, musanyalanyaze matenda omwe akufalikira, ndipo adzakuthokozani mowolowa manja kuti mutenge zokolola zabwino.
