"Herman F1" - ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka. Zingakhale zowonjezera popanda ntchito zambiri mu greenhouses, kapena m'munda wa penumbra. Izi zowakanizidwa zinachokera kwa obereketsa achi Dutch. Izi zosiyanasiyana nkhaka ndi oyambirira kucha, amene amakopa ambiri wamaluwa.
Nkhaka "Herman F1": kufotokoza za zosiyanasiyana
Kukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Herman F1" inagwidwa ndi kampani ya Dutch ku Monsanto Holland, yomwe ili gawo lake lachigawo la Seminis. Mu 2001, adalemba njira yolembera mu Russia State Register. Cholinga chachikulu cha obereketsa chinali kupanga nkhaka popanda kupsya mtima, ndi zamkati zokoma zomwe zimatha kudzipangira okha.
Mukudziwa? Kalata F yomwe imatchedwa "F1" imachokera ku liwu la Chiitaliya lakuti "figli" - "ana", ndipo nambala "1" ikutanthauza mbadwo woyamba.
Mitengo iyi imapanga kwambiri, ndi wandiweyani fruiting. Zipatso zili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mmene chipatsocho chimakhalira chimakhala ngati chimbudzi chokhala ndi masentimita 11-13. Khunguli limadzala ndi utoto woyera, chophimba chimakhala choda ndipo chimatha nthawi.
Zophatikiza sizimakhudza powdery mildew, makasitomala a mtundu wa makoswe ndi cladosporia. Nkhaka adzakhala chokoma onse mu salting ndi atsopano. Zokolola za nkhaka "Herman" pamtunda wa mamita pafupifupi 15-18 makilogalamu. Thupi la chipatsocho ndi yowutsa mudyo, chokoma komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, popanda kuwawa.
Ndikofunikira! Chipatso chosakanizidwa 95-97% ali ndi madzi, kotero akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi zakudya zovuta.
Wosakanizidwa amayamba kubala chipatso pa 38-41 tsiku litatha kutuluka. "Herman F1" amakonda dzuwa lambiri ndipo samasowa njuchi pollinating. Kuchokera mu thumba limodzi la mbeu mukhoza kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 20 a mbeu. Ngati mumabzala mbande, ndiye kuti muli ndi ma 8 omwe mungapeze makilogalamu 10-20 pamasabata awiri. 
Zochita ndi zowononga za wosakanizidwa
Nkhaka "Herman" ili ndi ndemanga zabwino wamaluwa. Mtundu uwu uli ndi ubwino wambiri kusiyana ndi ubwino. Ndipo chifukwa chabwino, chifukwa hybrids amachokera kuti abweretse zokolola zabwino ndi khama komanso nthawi. Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana za nkhaka:
- kudzipangira okha;
- kusowa kwachisoni;
- chilengedwe chonse: n'zotheka kusunga, mchere kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- otetezedwa ku cladosporia, powdery mildew ndi makasitomala;
- zosiyanasiyana zoyamba kucha;
- bwino;
- chiwerengero cha imfa chochepa cha mbeu ndi kumera (pafupifupi mbeu zonse zomwe zimabzalidwa zimamera ndipo posachedwa zimapatsa zipatso).
Kwa okonda zazikulu zobiriwira, nkhaka zowopsya, anapeza njira yowalola masamba kuti akhale atsopano kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zoonadi, munthu sangathe kuchita zopanda zolakwika, koma palibe ambiri mwa iwo:
- hybrid salola kulemba;
- kusalolera kulekerera ku kutentha kwakukulu;
- nkhaka za zosiyanasiyanazi zingakhudze "dzimbiri".
Mukudziwa? Dziko lakwawo la nkhaka limatengedwa kuti ndi India. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chomera ichi chinafotokozedwa m'zaka za m'ma 650 BC. Ku Ulaya, chikhalidwe ichi chinayamba kukula ndi Agiriki akale.
Monga mukuonera, pali zolakwika zitatu zokha, ndipo mosamala zamasamba angathe kuzipewa. Koma ubwino ndi wabwino, ndipo wamaluwa ambiri akhala aakulu "German F1".
Kufesa mbewu za nkhaka poyera
Mtundu wosakanizidwawu umakula bwino, kotero simukuyenera kukhala ndi vuto ndi kubzala. Ndi njira yoyenera, zomera izi zidzasangalatsa zipatso zokha. Nkhaka "Herman" imatha kumera, ngakhale mbeuyo ikaponyedwa pansi, kotero iwo akhoza kubzalidwa ndi oyamba kumene sakudziwa kufesa masamba. 
Kupereka mbewu yokonzekera
Asanafese mbewu m'nthaka akhoza (ndipo ngakhale amafunika) kuti ayambe kuumitsa. Sungani mbewu. Mu njira ya mchere wa 5%, ikani nyembazo ndikuzisakaniza kwa mphindi khumi. Zonse zomwe zimabwera, muyenera kutaya - sizili zoyenera kubwerera.
Musanabzala nkhaka "Mbeu za Herman" ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi feteleza zopatsa mphamvu. Mukhoza kuzigula, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni. Mbewu iyenera kusungidwa kwa maola 4-6 mu njira yothetsera phulusa, kenako ikatenge zofunikira zonse zofunikira.
Ndikofunikira! M'masiku oyambirira a nyengo yokula mu zosiyanasiyana "Herman F1"Mizuyi imatetezedwa bwino ku zinthu zowonongeka. Choncho, tikulimbikitsanso kubzala mbeu mu peat containers ndi mphamvu ya osachepera 0.5 l, kuti tipewe kuwononga mizu pamene tikulumikiza pamalo otseguka.
Komanso mbeu imatha kusinthidwa ndikuumitsidwa kwambiri. Kuti achite izi, kwa masiku awiri iwo amasungidwa kutentha kwa 48-50 ºї.
Madeti ndi kusankha malo a nkhaka
Ichi ndi chomera chokonda kutentha, kotero kukamatera sikuyenera kuchitika pasanafike kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Kutentha kwa masana kumafika pafupifupi 15 ºС, ndipo usiku sikuyenera kugwera pansi pa 8-10 ºС. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yochepa (perekopan ndi manyowa). Ndikoyenera kupanga mulch mu mawonekedwe a masamba ovunda.
"Herman F1" ndi yabwino kwambiri kubzala mthunzi. Zidzakhala bwino ngati chaka chatha chimanga kapena kasupe kakamera kudera.
Ndondomeko ya mbewu
Mbewu ingabzalidwe mu dzenje. Mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala wa 25-30 masentimita. Mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ikhale yosakwana masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri (70 cm) - kotero chitsamba chikhoza kukula, ndipo chidzakhala chosavuta kuti mukolole.
Manyowa opangira mavitamini kapena humus ndi mchenga amaphatikizidwa ku zitsime pamodzi ndi mbewu. Madzi ena ofunda amawonjezeranso. Pamwamba akhoza kuwazidwa ndi wochepa thupi wosanjikiza wa humus ndi kuphimba ndi filimu pamaso kuphuka zikumera.
Kusamalira ndi kulima nkhaka "German F1"
Nkhaka "Herman" mutabzala mutamafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Koma musachite mantha - simudzapatula nthawi yambiri yosamalira zomera.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka
Nkhuka zikamera, zimayenera kuthirira madzi nthawi zonse. Kuthirira kumachitika masiku atatu, makamaka madzulo. Pakati pa mita imodzi ya dothi ayenera kukhala ndi chidebe cha madzi (malita 10). Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, nthaka imatengedwa ndi kutumphuka, madzi ndi mchere sizifika pamzu wa mbeu, choncho nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kwa inu kudziwa momwe mungakonzere kuthirira chiwembu chanu, ndi zomwe zikufunika pa izi.
Kutsegula kumatha kuchitidwa ndi mathala, mapepala kapena alimi. Nthawi yabwino yotsatirayi ndi m'mawa kapena madzulo tsiku lotsatira pambuyo kuthirira. Kutsegula kumachitika mpaka dziko lapansi litayambika ndipo zonse zowumitsa ndi zipsera zimachotsedwa.
Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisawonongeke muzu wa mbewu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere thumba kapena kuthamanga ku kuya kwa masentimita 10.
Mukudziwa? M'madera ena m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Mississippi Mtsinje umathiridwa ndi zakumwa zabwino, Kool-Aid. Izi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ana.
Maluwa okwera
Hilling iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, popeza nthawi zonse imakhala yoopsa kwambiri. Ena agronomists ndi zochitika samalimbikitsa spud nkhaka baka. Komabe, ngati muli ndi chikhumbo chotero, ndiye kuti chikhoza kuchitika. Kupindula kwa mapiri:
- mizu yowonjezera ikukula;
- chitsamba sichitha kusefukira ndipo sichimawombera;
- Mchere ndi bwino.
Feteleza
Nkhaka "Herman" ndi zizindikiro zawo ndizosawopa zosiyana ndi mavairasi ndi kupereka zabwino zokolola. Koma nthawi yokolola ikhoza kuwonjezeka mwa kuwonjezera fetereza pang'ono. Feteleza akhoza kukhala mchere komanso organic feteleza. Kwa nyengo yonse yokula, muyenera nthawi 3-4 kumunda. Njira zothandizira feteleza ndizomwe zimakhala zosayenera.
Ndi bwino kudyetsa nkhaka 4 pa nthawi iliyonse. Nthawi yoyamba feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsiku la 15 mutabzala, nthawi yachiwiri - nthawi ya maluwa, lachitatu - panthawi ya fruiting. Nthawi yachinayi muyenera kuthirira manyowa kumapeto kwa fruiting, kuti maluwa atsopano ndi zipatso ziwonekere.
Pofuna kukolola bwino, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza monga ammonium nitrate, Azofoska, Ammophos, ndi feteleza. Mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito zitoko za nkhuku, manyowa monga nkhosa, nkhumba, ng'ombe komanso manyowa a kalulu.
Ngati wadyetsedwa ndi feteleza, ndiye kuti amafunika kuchitidwa pamzu. Pafupifupi zonse zamchere zamchere zimayambira mu nthaka monga mizu feteleza.
Manyowa opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu za nyama ndi zamasamba, zomwe zimatulutsa, zimapanga mchere, pamene carbon dioxide ikufunikira kuti zomera zinyama zikamasulidwe.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula uwu wosakanizidwa, zimalimbikitsidwa kupanga chomera mu tsinde limodzi ndikukula kumapitirira. Ngati ndi kotheka - kumangiriza tchire kuti asaswe.
Manyowa amchere ali ndi zakudya monga ma salt osiyanasiyana amchere. Malingana ndi zakudya zomwe zili m'thupi mwawo, feteleza zimagawanika mosavuta komanso zovuta. Zida zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomera za feteleza.
Nthaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zakudya zonse zomwe zomera zimayenera. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwanira kukula kwa zomera.
Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu
Nkhaka "Herman" ndi oyenera kukula onse m'nyumba, ndi kutseguka pansi. Pa zokolola sizikukhudzidwa kwambiri. Kodi izo ziri kumadera ozizira chilimwe, nyengo iyi yowakanizidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha idzakhala yabwinoko pang'ono.
Kukolola kwa nkhaka kumayamba pa 38-41 tsiku mutabzala, ndikupitirira mpaka chisanu choyamba. Ngati mutengako tchire ndi mchere wamchere, ndiye kuti zokololazo zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kukolola zambiri. Kawirikawiri, nkhaka iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa tsiku lililonse 1-2 masiku m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Zipatso 9-11 masentimita yaitali zingakhale zamzitini, zina zonse ndizoyenera salting. Koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kuti asatulukire nkhaka, kuti asakhale "chikasu".
Mukudziwa? Napoleon ankakonda kudya nkhaka zatsopano zobiriwira panthawi yaitali. Choncho, anapereka mphotho muyeso wokwana madola 250,000, kwa omwe amabwera njira yotetezera chipatso kwa nthawi yaitali. Mphoto iyi kotero palibe amene analandira.Nkhaka zimafunika kudula pafupi ndi phesi palokha. Dulani zipatso ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo ozizira, kotero zidzasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati mukufuna nthawi yaitali kusunga mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi watsopano, ndiye kuti pali njira zingapo:
- Chipatso chatsopano chikhoza kukulunga mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika pamalo ozizira. Kotero inu mukhoza kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri.
- Asanayambe chisanu, nkhaka zitsamba zingatulutse pamodzi ndi zipatso. Chomeracho chimayikidwa mu chotengera ndi madzi pansi pa mizu. Thirani madzi ambiri ndi osafunika, ndi bwino kuti 10-15 masentimita kuchokera pansi pa chotengera, ndi kusintha tsiku lililonse 2-3. Choncho nkhaka imatha pafupifupi masabata awiri.
- Zipatso zikhoza kuyaka ndi dzira loyera, pomwe angathe kukhala mwatsopano kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nkhaka siidzafuna kuzizira.
- Ngati mumakhala pafupi ndi dziwe laling'ono, ndiye kuti mbiya ya nkhaka ikhoza kumizidwa mmenemo. Koma dziwe siliyenera kuundana mpaka pansi pazizira kwambiri. Mwa kusunga nkhaka mwanjira iyi, mudzadya zipatso zatsopano m'nyengo yozizira yonse.
