Geicher: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Palibe vuto lililonse kulima giya wamuyaya pabwalo. Chachikulu ndikuti malo omwe mudzabzalidwe amasankhidwa molondola mogwirizana ndi zosowa zake. Mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, cylindrical heicher) imamera bwino m'malo a mapiri a North America. Duwa limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe wolemerera amawonekera, kutsika ndi kusamalira poyera.

Kubzala mbewu

Ndikotheka kufalitsa wolemera m'njira ziwiri: pogawa chitsamba ndi kudula.

Kugawanitsa

Kugawa tchire ndi njira yosavuta komanso yachangu kuposa kuphatikiza. Ndi iyo, ndizotheka kupitiliza kukongoletsa chitsamba. Ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena yophukira.

Momwe limathilira maluwa

Kuti mukwaniritse kugawidwa kwa chitsamba, muyenera:

1. Patulani phula ndi chomera.
2. Ikani chomera pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe mayi adabzala.

Ngati Heicher sanabzalidwe mu nthawi, ndiye kuti izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto monga:

• kulekerera bwino kwa nthawi yachisanu;
• kutentha ndi kutentha kuzunza chomera;
• kasupe, chomeracho chimatha kutenga matenda;
• Zoyipa zithyoka ndi mphepo yamphamvu.

Kudula

Kuchita izi kumafuna:

1. Patulani patsi ya 4-6cm ku chitsamba.
2. Balani iye mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Njira yonseyi imatenga masabata 3-4. Kenako ndikutulutsa maluwa ndikutuluka.

Zambiri zomwe zikukula

Kusamalira bwino kumafuna zazing'ono. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikusankha malo oyenera. Ndikwabwino kubzala maluwa pansi pa akorona amitengo, chifukwa pansi pa nthaka idzafota ndikufunika kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Ndikofunika kusankha malo omwe pali mthunzi yaying'ono. Komabe, mdima wandiweyani suyenera kusankhidwa, chifukwa cha izi mapangidwe ochokera masamba amatha.

Kusamalira geyhera ndikosavuta. Chomera chamuyaya ichi chimamera bwino mdzikolo. Itha kubzalidwe pafupi ndi makamu, herbaceous zomera, zitsamba ndi conifers.

Duwa lomwe likufunsidwalo siliyenera kunyengerera nthaka. Komabe, sichingathe kukula pamtunda wamtundu wina. Nthaka iti yomwe simalikonda:

• nthaka yokhala ndi acidity yambiri;
• malo okhalapo ali ndi malo ochulukirapo kwambiri;
• Malo opanda nthaka ngati nthaka, kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula m'nthaka.

Zomera zabwino kwambiri zimamasula dothi lotayirira, lomwe limakhala chinyezi chambiri.

Nthawi yayitali

Geichera m'munda amatha kufalitsa ndi mbewu ndi masamba. Njira yachiwiri ndi yomwe imakondedwa.

Nthawi yobzala zimatengera malo omwe mukukula. Nthawi yabwino yobzala ndiyambira Meyi mpaka June.

Mukadzala geyhera poyera

Zakukula kwa mbewu

Kodi kubzala heichera ku mbewu? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

• Mbeu zimatha kumera patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pakutola. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira tsiku lotha ntchito pamaphukusiwo. Mbeu zokhazikitsidwa mu zojambulazo zimasungidwa kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka;
• pobzala mbewu, muyenera kusankha mbale yayikulu. Kutalika kwa chidebe kuyenera kukhala osachepera 5 cm;
• nthaka ya mbewu iyenera kumasulidwa. Mchenga kapena perlite uyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka;
• musanabzale, dothi liyenera kuwotchera mu uvuni kwa mphindi 5-7;
• mbewu zofesedwa mu Marichi-Epulo;

Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa mbewu

• ndikofunikira kufesa panthaka yonyowa, yomwe idamasulidwa kale ndikugulitsidwa;
• chidebe chokhala ndi njere zofesedwa chimakutidwa ndi kanema kapena galasi;
• pakuti mbande zimafunikira kuwala kambiri, motero ndibwino kuyikanso kandalama pazenera;
• mbande zimamera masabata awiri ndi atatu. Munthawi imeneyi, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuti mutsegule galasi kuti mulowe mpweya wabwino;
• masamba atatu oyamba ataonekera, ndikofunikira kusankha, kumera mbande mtunda wa 4-6 cm;
• pofika mwezi wa Meyi, mutha kukakhala panja.

Kusankha malo okhala: pamthunzi kapena padzuwa

Momwe mungabzalare wolemera: mthunzi kapena dzuwa? Kusankha malo ndi malo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zimakhudza masamba ndi maluwa. Mitundu yambiri ya mbewu imafunika kubzalidwe m'malo osalala. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwe bwino m'malo abwino. Komabe, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti palibe zolemba.

Thirani

Kwa mitundu yina, ndikusintha kwa heichera pamafunika zaka zitatu zilizonse. Chomera sichimapitilira zaka zisanu. Kenako chitsamba chimavumbula pakati chonse. Mutha kuulutsa chomera mu nthawi yophukira kapena masika. Kuti mubzale mbewu, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Pambuyo maluwa, chotsani peduncles ndi wopanda zimayambira. Zomera zimayamba kutulutsa mu June mpaka August. Maluwa ake ndi ochepa. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala kirimu, yoyera, yofiira, yamagazi, yofiirira. Maluwa amawoneka ngati mabelu. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu panicles. Zipatso za geyhera ndi bokosi momwe mbewu zimakhalira. Kukula kwawo kuli ndi mbewu ya poppy.
2. Kumbani chitsamba chakale ndikugawa magawo angapo.
3. Mbewu yolandilidwa monga mwa malo osankhidwa.

Momwe amasamalira duwa

Momwe mungasamalire geyhera? Izi sizitengera kuyesetsa kwambiri.

Momwe mungasamalire geyhera poyera

Kuthirira

Ngati wolemera atathiridwa magazi, izi zimatsogolera ku chidziwitso chakuti mizu yake imatha kuvunda. Njira yabwino ikakhala kuthirira pang'ono osalekerera kuthirira kwam nthaka. Kutsirira kumachitika nyengo yotentha ndi youma, m'mawa kapena madzulo.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Heicher safuna kudyetsa pafupipafupi. Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika. Chapakatikati, feteleza amadzaza pamaso pa chomera, ndipo mchilimwe atayamba maluwa. Momwe mungadyetse geyher m'chilimwe: feteleza wovuta ndi wochepa wa nayitrogeni.

Momwe mungadyetsere wolemera

Kudulira nyengo yachisanu

Funso lofuna kudulira heichera nthawi yozizira ndiyokayikitsa. Masamba sayenera kuchotsedwa mu chomera, ndimagawo oyenda okhaokha omwe amachotsedwa. Udzu umateteza chomera ku chisanu. Pambuyo maluwa, mapesi a maluwa amatenga mphamvu kuchokera pachomera. Kudulira mwachidwi ndikofunikira kuti athe kukhalabe okongola.

Zovuta zamatenda ndi tizirombo

Anthu ena amafunsa chifukwa chiyani wolemera satukuka. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuti mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi matenda kapena tizirombo. Komabe, matenda otentemera samakhudzidwa kawirikawiri, koma ufa wa powdery ungachitike. Chimawoneka ngati chovala choyera pam masamba. Pankhaniyi, mmera umathandizidwa ndi fungicide.

Kuwona ma brown kumatha kuwononga maonekedwe. Amawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga a bulauni, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Masamba amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mbewuyo imakhudzidwa kwathunthu. Matendawa amadziwonetsera nthawi yachilimwe. Pakadwala matendawa, amafunika kumwaza maluwa ndi othandizira omwe ali ndi mkuwa. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa wa chloride. Kukonza ikuchitika 2-3 nthawi ndi imeneyi ya masiku 10-14.

Mwa tizilombo, heichera amadziwika kuti:

• takhuta. Mphutsi zake zimadya zipatso za mtengowo. Zotsatira zake, kumtunda kwa duwa kumawuma. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, gwiritsani ntchito utuchi. Akhathamira m'mawu. Kuti theka la ndowa ya utuchi mutenge 1 tbsp. spoonful of ndalama. Sakanizani onse ndi kuwaza kuzungulira tchire. Komanso, zimatha kuphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa mpiru (1 tbsp.spoon ya chopanda chowuma chimaphatikizidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre). Ndi yankho lake, chitsamba chimapopera mbali zonse;
• aulesi. Amadyera mabowo pamasamba ndikusiya mausi otchinga. Kwa iwo pukuta fumbi la dothi ndi laimu. Mwambowu umachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo. Nthawi izi, slugs amagwira ntchito kwambiri.

Ndi matenda ati omwe Hehera ali nawo

Kukula ndi kusamalira duwa lotukuka ndi njira zosavuta. Itha kumera ku Siberia kapena ku Urals. Chofunikira kuchita ndikusankha malo oyenera kukafikako. Kwa ena onse, kuthilira pang'ono komanso kuvala zovala zapamwamba ndizofunikira.