Zipatso zamakono zikulowa mmoyo wathu. Ngati kale tinali okhutira ndi zipatso zamzitini ("zakudya zotentha zam'madzi", "chinanazi m'madzi athu", ndi zina zotero), panopa mumsika uliwonse mungagule zipatso kuchokera kumapeto ena a dziko lapansi. Maso amabalalika - mawonetseredwe ndi zakudya zam'madera otentha amakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yambirimbiri, fungo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kugula zipatso zosadziwika kungakhale kovuta (osati zonse, kupuma ku Thailand kapena Bali) ndi kufunsa mafunso ambiri: kodi zipatso za lychee ndi chiyani, kudya zipatso zotere ndi zomwe zimadyetsedwa mmenemo, momwe zimakondera komanso ngati ziri zathanzi.
Mukudziwa? Nkhani yakale kwambiri yonena za mtengo wa litchi yomwe inayamba chaka cha 59 (nthawi ya mafumu a ku China Han Han) ndi nkhani yokhudza mfumu yapamwamba yomwe inayesa chipatso cha Litchi mofulumira kukadziwitsa Emperor Liu Zhuang za zokoma zomwe anazipeza (ngakhale pali nthano za Emperor Wu Di yemwe akadali mu 2 BC Ndinkafuna kutsika zitsulo kumpoto kwa China). Zikuoneka kuti malo obadwira a litchi ali kum'mwera kwa China. Zikudziwika kuti m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, Emperor Tang Xuanzong anatumiza asilikali 600 kuti akatenge zipatso izi kwa mdzakazi wake wokondedwa, Yan Yuhuan (mwambo wachikazi wa chi China ku Japan), amene adawakonda kwambiri. Vietnamese akukhulupirira kuti litchi inatha ku China ngati mphatso kuchokera kwa mfumu ya Vietnam ya maina a Mai (ngakhale kuti akudziwika kuti panalibe mafumu oterewa ku Vietnam, kunali "mfumu yakuda ya May" - munthu wosauka yemwe anapandukira a Chitchaina ndipo anadzitcha yekha mfumu). Ntchito yayikuru yomwe inali ndi mphatso (yomwe inali pakati pa ma lychees) inapita ku China ndi woyambitsa Mac - Dang Zung. Koma anali kale mu 1529.
Kodi lychee ndi chiyani?
Lychee (Litchi chinensis) ndi mtengo wobiriwira womwe uli ndi korona waukulu. Amakula mpaka mamita 30. Amakula m'madera otentha ndi madera otentha a Eurasia, Africa ndi America. Lykee ili ndi mayina ena ambiri: "Chinese plum", "Limes", "diso la chinjoka", "mphesa zachi Chinese", "Lisi", "Linches". Masamba ndi odoriferous, lanceolate, mdima wobiriwira.
Pamene maluwa, maluwa opanda phala amapanga umbellate inflorescences. Lykee ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri chomera (mungu wochokera makamaka njuchi). Zipatso zimakula mu masango (13-15 zidutswa aliyense) ndi kucha mu May-June. Zokolola zimakhala zolemera 10 makilogalamu (m'nyengo yozizira) kufika pa makilogalamu 150 (muzikhalidwe zabwino).
Zipatso za Lykee zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a oval, kukula kwa masentimita 2 mpaka 4, kukula kwa magalamu 20. Chipatso chofiira choyera ndi khungu lachifuwa. Peyala ya Lykee imasiyanitsa mosavuta (yotsekedwa ndi kanema kuchokera mkati) ndipo imatsegula nyemba zoyera. Mnofu uli ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kowawasa, kokometsetsa pang'ono kwa plums ndi mphesa. Mkati mwa chipatso ndi fupa lakuda bulauni (limafanana ndi chigoba).
Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri (kuposa 100), otchuka kwambiri ndi:
- kupachika wobiriwira - imodzi mwa yakale kwambiri ndi yodabwitsa. Kusunga mwatsopano popanda peel kwa masiku atatu;
- mpunga wa mpunga. Zimasiyanitsa uchi ndi nyemba ya mpendadzuwa (nthawizina siilipo);
- Huaychi ("magulu a zipatso mu dzanja");
- March wofiira (amakukolola pamaso pa onse);
- Kumwetuka kwa Yang Yuhuan (kucha msanga, madzi ofiira mu peel);
- sweet osmanthus. Pezani fungo la maluwa osmanthus.
Amakolola zipatso za litchi m'magulu (ndi bwino kuwatsogolera, amasungidwa nthawi yayitali). Kawirikawiri, pofuna chitetezo chabwino paulendo, amakololedwa. Lykee imasungira kukoma kwake kopitirira masiku atatu mutatha kusonkhanitsa.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonekera ku Ulaya ndi kufalitsa kwa litchi padziko lonse lapansi kumafunika kwa botanist wa ku France Pierre Sonner (1748-1814). Wasayansi anapita ku Indochina, ku China ndipo sanabweretsere malingaliro chabe a zomera zosawoneka, komanso mbande zawo. A French adakonda kukoma kwa litchi kotero kuti mu 1764 pa Fr. Mbewu yoyamba ya chomera ichi idabzalidwa ndi Reunion (injini J.F. Charpentier de Cossigny de Palma). A French anaika litchi pafupi. Madagascar (anakhala wogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi). Lykee inayamba kukula kwambiri ku South Africa, Australia, ku zilumba za South Japan, ku Central America, Brazil ndi USA.
Kalori, phindu la zakudya ndi maonekedwe a lychee
Lychee imasiyanitsidwa ndi kalori yotsika ~ ~ 66 kcal, mafuta ochepa komanso mapuloteni. Zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi minerals. Ascorbic acid (71.5 mg) amatenga mavitamini. Malo ofunikira amakhala ndi mavitamini a gulu B - niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic ndi folic acid. Palinso vitamini K kapena phylloquinone yosafunika (yofunika kuti magazi azimitsidwe), E (tocopherol), D (viosterol) ndi H (biotin).
Vitamini gulu limaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu: phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium, mkuwa, magnesium, sodium, zinc, selenium, iron, manganese, ayodini.
Ndikofunikira! Peke ya ma Lykee ili ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira. Amapereka chipatso cha zipatso. Mu chakudya, mafupa ndi peel sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga lamulo, mazira amadyedwa mwatsopano kapena mazira (monga ali ndi zothandiza kwambiri). Ku India, Indochina ndi China mungapeze zotchedwa "litchi mtedza" ~ zipatso zouma mu peel. Panthawi yowuma, peel imakhala yolimba ndipo, ngati igwedezeka, nucleolus youma imatuluka mkati (pali mavitamini ochepa, koma mchere umasungidwa.)
Kodi litchi ndi yabwino kwa thupi?
Mavitamini ndi minerals omwe amadziwika, ma calorie otsika amapanga lychee zakudya zamtengo wapatali komanso mankhwala ochiritsira.
Kuteteza magazi
Kugwiritsa ntchito litchi zipatso nthawi zonse zimathandizira kwambiri kuteteza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Makilomita ambiri a litchi amathandiza kwambiri kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi.
Mukudziwa? Tiyi ya Congo imakonda kwambiri ku Asia. Mukamwetsa, imatulutsa fungo lamtengo wapatali wa zipatso, pamene tikulawa pali kukoma kokoma kwa lychee kukoma. Chinsinsi cha tiyiyi ndi kuwonjezera pa zidutswa zouma za peke za lychee. Ku Thailand, tiyi iledzera ndi ayezi ngati zakumwa zofewa.
Thandizani kuyamwa
Ma Lycees ali ndi ulusi wosasuntha, kumasula m'mimba ndi m'matumbo kuchokera ku zinthu zoopsa ndi zovulaza, kuimiritsa chimbudzi (kuthetsa kudzimbidwa). Mapira a Lychee ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amathetsa nkhanza, amathandiza ndi kutsekula m'mimba, acidity m'mimba ndi kupweteka. Nkhumba zowonjezera mbeu zamankhwala a India ndi Vietnam zinathandizira kuchotsa mphutsi, kuthana ndi matenda a m'mimba.
Kukongola kwa khungu
Maonekedwe a khungu la nkhope ndi thupi angakhudzidwe ndi thupi la litchi. Zili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwa khungu, zimadyetsa komanso zimakhala zowonongeka, zimakhala ndi antioxidant, zimathandiza kubwezeretsa collagen, kuyang'ana maonekedwe, kumatsuka makwinya. Kunyumba, n'zosavuta kupanga mask nkhope kumapazi atsopano. Mafuta ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi dothi la lychee amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofuna kusamalira khungu.
Mphamvu ya fupa
Mchere (phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, calcium, etc.) bwino kukhalabe ndi mafupa ndi mano. Mapira a Lychee ali ndi vitamini D (zomwe ndi zofunika kuti thupi lizikhala ndi calcium).
Mukudziwa? Lykee amadziwika ngati amphamvu ya aphrodisiac. Ku China, amakhulupirira kuti chipatso cha litchi chimapatsa mphamvu "Yang" - "chofanana ndi miuni itatu yamoto", chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi umuna. Malingaliro ofanana pa lychee alipo mu mankhwala amwenye a Amwenye - asanakumane pamodzi, zimalimbikitsa kuti okondedwa awiri adye chipatso cha lychee, ndipo ubwino wake udzawonetseredwa polimbikitsa mphamvu zachiwerewere ndi kugwirizana.
Kupepuka
Kuchokera pa mapira a litchi zipatso, oligonol inapangidwa, yomwe ili yothandiza amachepetsa mafuta ambiri komanso amathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Kuchokera kwa Lykee kumaphatikizidwanso mu mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kudziwa kudya lychee bwino (ndiko, kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano kufika 250 g patsiku) kudzathandiza omwe akufuna kulemera. Chipatso cha Lychee ndi 82% madzi, otsika kwambiri, mafuta a kolesterolini, ali ndi zamoyo zowonjezera ndi pectin.
Kwa mtima
Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols (15% kuposa zomwe zili mu mphesa), zakudya zambiri za nicotinic acid, potaziyamu, mkuwa ndi manganese zimapangidwanso Lykee ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto ndi mtima. Lykee imachotsa cholesterol wambiri, imachepetsa mitsempha ya mitsempha ya magazi, imayendetsa kayendedwe kambiri ka mitsempha ya mtima, imayendetsa mlingo wa mavuto, ndi zina zotero.
Zotsutsana ndi zoletsedwa muzogwiritsidwa ntchito
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa litchi ndi anthu akuluakulu alibe zopinga zapadera, ndipo palibe zotsutsana kwa iwo (kupatula kusagwirizana). Ngakhale mutagwiritsira ntchito litchi, chinthu choipitsitsa chimene chingachitike ndi mucosal kukwiya ndi mafuta mapangidwe m'matumbo, Choncho, ndi bwino kuchepetsa kumwa mankhwala asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri.
Ndikofunikira! Ana osakwanitsa zaka zitatu saloledwa kudya zipatso za litchi.. Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa zitatu ayenera kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ma lychees (ziwiri kapena zitatu) ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, kuti asapereke pazomwe zilibe kanthu. Mu 2017, asayansi anapeza chifukwa cha mliri wa chaka ndi chaka pakati pa ana a ku India: kwa zaka 25 kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa May mpaka June, matenda aakulu a ana omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteka kwambiri (odwala 40% anamwalira). Chifukwa chake chinali chakuti zipatso zachitsamba zokhala ndi mankhwala a hypoglycine ndi methylenecyclopropylglycin (zimateteza shuga). Ana onsewa amadya mazira osapsa nthawi ya mliriwu m'mimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo masikelo awo a shuga akugwa kwambiri.
Choncho, kunyalanyaza zomwe zili zothandiza lychee dKwa thupi la mwana, sikofunikira, koma nkofunika kutsatira malamulo osavuta: perekani zipatso pambuyo pa chakudya, musankhe zipatso zabwino, komanso zowonongeka.
Lykee mu mankhwala ndi cosmetology
Zipatso zamakono zomwe zimapezeka mu chipatso cha litchi zimakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito chipatsocho ndi zipangizo zake zopindulitsa mu mawonekedwe abwino komanso monga chochotsera mu zakudya zowonjezereka, monga mankhwala, pofuna kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda ambiri (makamaka yogwira ntchito ku China, Korea, Japan).
Asayansi amadziwika kuti polyphenol oligonol kuchokera ku litchi, zomwe kuchotsani thupi lamasewera omasuka. Zipatso za Lykee zimathandiza chifukwa chowona - muli zeaxanthin.
Litchi zosakongola zimaphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa kuteteza thupi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chitetezo cha mthupi, mtima, anti-edema, chifuwa ndi mankhwala ena. Siketi ya Lychee imathandiza kuchepa magazi m'thupi. Mankhwala am'mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zipatso, peel, mbewu, maluwa a lychee pofuna kuchiza matenda ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ambiri a litchi amapangidwa m'ma laboratories ku Thailand ndi ku China. Kuchotsa kumeneku kumapezeka kuchokera ku peeled zouma ndi zipatso zodulidwa zothandizidwa ndi organic solvents. Pambuyo poyeretsa ndi kuyanika, ufa wonyezimira popanda kulawa ndi fungo. Kuchotsa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Litchi imachokera mu zokonzekera zokongoletsera (usiku ndi usana, ma shamposi, mabala, dzuwa, masks, varnishes, sprays, etc.) ali ndi zotsatira zabwino: 
- kumachepetsa ndi kuchepetsa khungu louma ndi lovuta;
- kubwezeretsanso maselo;
- kumateteza ma radiation a ultraviolet;
- Kusunga madzi mu khungu;
- imathandiza kwambiri tsitsi (limadyetsa, limalimbitsa mizu ndi nsonga za tsitsi, kubwezeretsa malo owonongeka).
Momwe mungasankhire chipatso cha lychee pamene mukugula
Makedoniya amamera mu June-July. Poganizira nthawi yoyenera yopitako (ku Ulaya kuchokera ku Thailand, Vietnam, ndi zina zotere), zipatso zimachotsedwa osapsa (kuchapsa panjira), kotero muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasankhire mazira abwino. Maluwa okongola kwambiri amabwera m'mabasi athu kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Posankha zipatso ayenera kumvetsera:
- ndi mtundu. Chipatsocho chiyenera kukhala chofiira (mdima wamdima mpaka burgundy chidzanenapo za kuphulika, kuunika, kofiira-kosaoneka);
- pa phesi (ayenera kukhala wopanda banga);
- pa peel (popanda banga ndi kuwonongeka);
- pazowonjezera (muyenera kugwedeza - padzakhala kuwala kokha) Ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti palibe kuvunda);
- pa fungo (ayenera kumveka kuwala kofiira kobiri).
Ndikofunikira! Chipatso cha Lychee sichisungidwa kosungirako nthawi yaitali. Kutentha, amagona kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Mu firiji, mukhoza kuwonjezera alumali moyo mpaka sabata. Ngati simusiyanitsa chipatso kuchokera ku gulu - mpaka masabata awiri mu furiji. Zosankha - lychee ikhoza kuzizira (izi sizingakhudze kukoma, ndipo mavitamini onse adzasungidwa). Zipatso ziyenera kutsukidwa pamaso pa kuzizira.
