Elm, kapena elm - mtengo wawukulu wokhala ndi korona wandiweyani, Umawoneka wokongola, umapanga mthunzi wabwino ndipo umadulidwa mosavuta, choncho ndizochita nawo chidwi pa malo ozungulira midzi ndi midzi. Zitha kupezeka m'misewu, m'mapaki, m'misewu ndi m'minda yamapiri. Dzina lakuti "elm" limachokera kwa a Celt akale, omwe amatcha mtengo "elm". Dzina lachirasha "elm" limachokera ku mawu akuti "knit", monga kale bast yake idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope, zida ndi zinthu zina. Zina mwa mitundu yake zimatchedwa elm, birch makungwa, elm, ilmovik.
Ragweed
Mtundu woterewu (mumtengo wa masamba ndi masamba) umapezeka ku Ulaya, Central Asia, Africa ku Caucasus. Mtengo wodulidwa kuti amakonda malo abwino, ngakhale akukula mumthunzi. Kutalika kwake kutalika ndi 20-25 m, ndipo kutalika kwa korona ndi 10 mamita.
Mitundu imakula mofulumira ndikulekerera kudulira bwino. Pankhaniyi, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati khoma. Komanso, mtengo umawoneka wokongola pa udzu wokongola, kapena kuphatikiza ndi mitengo ya apulo, kumverera yamatcheri, mbalame yamatcheri ndi phiri phulusa.
Pa masamba ofiira ofiira pali nkhuku zophuka. Masambawa ndi aakulu, okwera, okwera kuchokera pamwamba, ndi ubweya wa pansi. M'nyengo ya chilimwe masambawo ndi obiriwira, ndipo kugwa kuli kowala. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe amasonkhana m'magulu, amamasula mpaka masamba awoneka. Zipatso-mtedza mkati mwa lionfish.
Imalekerera nyengo yozizira ndi matalala. Muzikhalidwe zabwino akhoza kukhala zaka 300. Kalulu Elm ndi wabwino kwa thanzi. Lili ndi diuretic, antimicrobial, diuretic ndi astringent. Makungwa amaletsa kuyamwa kwa kolesterolo. Kutumidwa kwake kumatentha ndi matenda a khungu.
Ndikofunikira! Elm grabber amakonda thanzi, nthaka yonyowa. Choncho, kuti ukhale wolimbikira kukula, uyenera kuthiriridwa ndi umuna, mwachitsanzo, ndi mandimu, yomwe imakhudza mtengo.
Smooth
Elm yosalala imatchedwanso elm wamba kapena yaikulu-leaved. Zimakula lonse ku Ulaya. Wake kutalika - 25 mamita (nthawi zina mamita 40), kutalika kwa korona waukulu - 10-20 mamita. Thunthu la mtengo ndi lolunjika ndi lakuda, kufika mamita 1.5 m'lifupi mwake. Makungwa a mphukira zazing'ono ndi ofewa, mwa akuluakulu ndi obirira, wandiweyani ndi exfoliates mbale zoonda. Masambawa amakhala aakulu (12 cm), ovoid, amtundu, wakuda pamwamba ndi kuwala kochepa pansipa.
M'nyengo yophukira, masambawo amatenga mtundu wofiirira wa brownish. Maluwa ndi aang'ono, ofiira ndi ofiira stamens. Chipatso ndi nsomba yozungulira ndi cilia kumbali.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya elm siimvunda m'madzi, kotero ku Middle Ages ku Ulaya madzi amapopi anapangidwa ndi mitengo yake. Komanso kuchokera ku mtengo umenewu anapangidwa zothandizira pa Bridge Bridge yoyamba.
Elm yosalala imakhala ndi mizu yolimba. Mitengo yosatha imakhala mtundu wothandizira: mizu ya plank 30-50 cm pamwamba pansi pa thunthu. Akukula mofulumira ndikukhala zaka 200-300 (nthawi zina zaka 400). Chilala sichitha, koma amakonda nthaka yonyowa. Kulekerera mosavuta kusefukira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mtengo wolimba wa nkhuni ndi wandiweyani, wamphamvu ndi zosavuta kuchita. Kuchokera pamenepo mumapanga mipando, zida zankhondo ndi zinthu zina. Poyamba, yosalala khungu la khungu linkagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuta zikopa, ndi phloem yophika zingwe, makapu ndikupanga zovala zowononga. Zopindulitsa zomwe zili ndi elm yosalala, zipatseni machiritso: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, astringent ndi diuretic.
Ndikofunikira! M'mizinda, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito fumbi pamasamba awo kusiyana ndi mitengo ina ya m'matawuni. Amabzalidwa kuteteza ndi kulimbikitsa mizati ndi mitsinje.
Androsova
Mtundu woterewu sungapezeke m'chilengedwe. Ndibwinja ndipo ndi wosakanizidwa wa squat ndi wakuda elm. Kutalika kwa mtengo wachikulire ndi mamita 20. Koti yake ili ndi mahema ndipo imapereka mthunzi wakuda. Makungwawo ndi imvi. Masamba ndi ofanana ndi mazira, otchulidwa.
Imakula pamtunda wochepetsetsa nthaka, mosavuta kupirira. Kukwanitsa kupereka mphukira pambali kumapangitsa mtengo kukhala wosonkhanitsa fumbi wabwino. Choncho, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kumatawuni. Chomeracho n'chosavuta kupanga ndipo chimawoneka wokongola kwambiri, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti chikhale chokondweretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo.
Kalonga wamtengo wapatali ukhoza kukhala "denga" la mthunzi wokonda osatha - aconite, mabelu, buzulnik, aquilegia, rogers, host, fern, astilbe. Kuchokera ku zitsamba zingabzalitse nyamakazi.
Odziwika
Kumalo otchire sikungokhalako. Akukula ku Central Asia. Mtengo wamtali uwu umakula kufika mamita 30. Umakhala ndi korona wambiri wa pyramidal, yomwe imapangitsa mdima wandiweyani. Makungwa pa nthambi zazing'ono ndi zachikasu kapena za imvi, pakale - mdima. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, 5-7 masentimita m'litali, nsalu, mazira oboola.
Chomera chachikulu - chomera chodzichepetsa, chisanu chosagwedezeka, mosavuta kulekerera chilala, ngakhale kuti chimakonda nthaka yothira. Kukaniza kwa gasi kumamuthandiza kuti azikhala wabwino mu zikhalidwe za mumzinda wa smog.
Wala
Mayina ena - elm split, kapena phiri. Anagawidwa ku East Asia, Far East, Japan ndi China. Amakula m'mitengo yosasunthika komanso yosakanikirana. Zitha kupezeka m'nkhalango zamapiri kumtunda wa mamita 700-2200 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kukula kwa mitengo - 27 mamita.
Mtundu wa makungwa ndi imvi ndi imvi. Mzere wa korona - wamkati, wozungulira, wozungulira. Masambawa ndi aakulu, amawoneka pamwamba, nthawi zina ndi 3-5 ankatulutsa lobes. Chomera chimalolera mthunzi, chisanu, mphepo yamphamvu ndi utsi wa m'mizinda.
Zotsutsana
Dzina lachiwiri ndi karagach peristovetvisty. M'chilengedwe, amapezeka ku Kazakhstan, ku Far East, ku Central ndi East Asia. Amakula pamapiri, mchenga, mchenga. Amakonda dzuwa lambiri. Mukhale ndi moyo zaka zoposa 100. Kutalika - 15-25 mamita. Korona ikufalikira, koma sapereka mthunzi.
Masamba ang'onoang'ono akukonzedwa mu mizere iwiri ndikupanga mawonekedwe a masamba akuluakulu a nthenga, omwe amapatsa dzina kwa mitundu. Chomera cholimba chachisanu, mfulu kulimbana ndi chilala ndipo zimasinthidwa kunthaka iliyonse. Amakula mofulumira, koma amafika kukula kwake pokhapokha m'chilengedwe chake: kummwera, pamtunda wouma. Kupirira mosavuta zinthu za m'midzi - asphalting, fumbi, smog. Zimatha kudulira ndipo zimapezeka popanga paki.
David
Chipinda cha David ndi shrub kapena mtengo womwe kutalika kwake ndi mamita 15. Masamba ndi owala, ovate, masentimita 10 ndi asanu masentimita. Chipatsocho ndi lionfish ya chikasu. Mitundu yodziŵika ndi Japan elm. Ndilofala ku Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan ndi Korea Peninsula.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa zaka zambiri, womwe uli ndi zaka zoposa 800, umakula mu Korea.
Small
Mitunduyi ili ndi mayina ambiri - elm, makungwa, karaich, cork elm, red elm, elm (mtengo pa chithunzi). Malo ogawidwa: Ukraine, Russia, Asia Minor, Western Europe. Amakhala m'nkhalango zovuta komanso zosakanikirana, m'mabanki a mumtsinje komanso m'mapiri.
Kutalika kwa mtengowu kumapanga 10 mpaka 30 mamita. Korona ndi yotsika. Masamba ndi oblong, obovate. Zamoyo zaka pafupifupi 400. Karagach amakonda sunlit malo, mosavuta amatha chilala, koma osati chisanu. Mbali yapadera - mtengo umapanga ukonde waukulu wa mizu ya pamwamba.
Momwemonso, pamwamba pake kulimbikitsidwa ndipo kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthaka. Choncho, munda wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kumangidwe kokwatawuni, komanso kumalo osungirako nkhalango. Kukula kwa nkhumba kumapezeka pamthambi, zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo kukhala mtengo.
Phunzirani zovuta kuzikula mitengo ina yokongola: Norway holly, mtengo wa ndege, mtengo wamtengo wapatali, catalpa, mtengo wa sitiroberi, mapulo ofiira.
Zipatso zazikulu
Miyoyo ikuluikulu ya Ilm ku Eastern Russia, Mongolia, China ndi Peninsula ya Korea. Amakula nthawi zambiri mumtsinje, pamapiri ndi miyala. Ndi shrub kapena mtengo wawung'ono, amene kutalika kwake ndi mamita 11, ndi korona yaikulu yofalitsa. Makungwawo ndi a imvi, ofiira kapena achikasu. Masamba ndi aakulu, owala, okhwima pamwamba, ndi ofewa kuchokera pansi.
Mtengowo umatchedwa zipatso zake, zazikulu zazikulu zamphongo zomwe zimakongoletsa. Very thermophilic chomera. Mitundu ya mtunduwu imasiyanasiyana ndi achibale ake mukumana kwakukulu kwa chilala. Choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kulimbikitsa nthaka ya makamoni, mapiri ndi miyala yamtunda.
Zovuta
Mphepete mwa phiri la Elm, kapena phiri lalitali, ndilofala kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi: Europe, North America, Asia. Amakula m'mitengo yosasunthika komanso yosakanikirana. Kutalika kwa elm ndi 30-40 mamita. Korona ndi yozungulira, yotalika ndi yandiweyani. Makungwawo ndi ofewa, amdima wakuda. Masamba akulu (masentimita 17), ovoid, ndi m'mphepete mwazitali. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo ali ovuta, ndi ochokera pansi-wolemera-ubweya.
Amakula mofulumira, amakhala ndi moyo zaka 400. Nthaka imakhala yovuta kwambiri: imakonda chonde komanso yamadzi, koma sichilola saline. Elm amalekerera momasuka chisanu, chilala ndi moyo wa mzindawo. Wood ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wokhazikika. Amapanga mipando, zipangizo zamkati ndi zipangizo zaulimi.
Mukudziwa? Elm akuwopsya sakuopa zinthu zoopsa: ku Norway angapezeke kunja kwa Arctic Circle, ndi ku Caucasus - m'mapiri pamtunda wa mamita 1400.
American
Kuchokera pa dzinali, zikuwonekeratu kuti malo okhala kumeneku ndi North America, kumene amagawidwa. Ku Ulaya, elm iyi inayamba m'zaka za zana la XVIII, koma siidatchuka, monga mtundu wa anthu uli ndi makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri.
American Ilm amakula m'nkhalango pafupi ndi mtsinjewu, koma amapezeka m'malo owuma. Kutalika kwa zomera - 20-30 mamita, nthawizina mamita 40. Korona ndi yayikulu, yozungulira. Makungwawo ndi oviira mu mamba. Masambawa amawoneka, mazira oboola, 5-10 masentimita m'litali. Kutentha kwachisanu. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 200.
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya elm ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana amakupatsani mwayi wosankha mtengo womwe uli woyenera kumbuyo kwanu.
