Peyala ndi, mwinamwake, mtengo wachiwiri wotchuka kwambiri pambuyo pa mtengo wa apulo, umene umakula ndi wamaluwa wamaluso ndi wamaluwa wamaluwa m'mayiko ambiri a Russia ndi omwe kale anali mbali ya USSR. Mtengowo unakula kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphatikizapo zifukwa ziwiri - kuthekera kupirira m'malo ovuta a m'madera oyandikana ndi madera ena apakati a kumpoto (makamaka makamaka mitundu yowonjezereka ya chisanu), komanso kukoma ndi mafuta osakumbukira a mapeyala, omwe, kuphatikizapo ndi kusungidwa mosamalitsa, mosavuta kusinthidwa ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha monga maziko odyera ndi zakumwa, komanso monga zofunikira zofunika pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana mbale, soups ndi zokhwasula-khwasula.
Mukudziwa? Agiriki akale ankagwiritsa ntchito mapeyala kuti azichiza matenda oyendayenda ndi mitundu ina yodandaula, ndipo anachitira mwana wamasiye motero kuti amapereka nsembe kwa milungu yachiwiri yolemekezeka kwambiri, Gena ndi Aphrodite.
Malingana ndi nthawi yomwe mapeyala amakololedwa, mitengoyi imagawidwa mu chirimwe, m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira. Kukula kwa peyala "Otradnenskaya", yomwe idzafotokozedwa pansipa, ikugwa mu September, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti peyala iyi ndi ya mitundu ya autumn.
Mbiri ya kulenga mitundu ya mapeyala "Otradnenskaya"
Peyala "Otradnenskaya" anatengedwa ku Moscow Agricultural Academy. KA Timiryazev. Abusa S.T. Chizhov ndi S.P. Potapov, olemba ambiri a mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri ya mapeyala (mwachitsanzo, Rogneda, Moskvichka, ndi ena), analandira izo chifukwa cha kusakanizidwa kwa Forest Beauty ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mapeyala. Mu 2000, zosiyanasiyanazi zidaphatikizidwa mu Register Register of Breeding Achievements ya Russian Federation kumadera a North-West, East-Siberian ndi Central Black Earth.
Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za zosiyanasiyana
Peyala "Otradnenskaya" ili ndi boma: maonekedwe - 4 mfundo, zipatso - 3.7-4 mfundo. Zopindulitsa zazikuluzikulu ndizozitsutsa kwambiri matenda, makamaka nkhanambo, chisawawa, ndi kuzizira. Ngakhale kuti mtengo uli wokhazikika, umasonyeza kwambiri fruiting pa perefilming. Zowonongeka motere monga "Wokondedwa Yakovlev" ndi "Chizhovskaya" zimadziwonetsera ngati zowonongeka.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Kutalika kwa mtengo wa peyala ya Otradnenskaya ndiwowonjezera. Korona wa mitengo yaing'ono ndi yofanana ndi chingwe, ngakhale kuti msinkhu umakhala wozungulira kapena wozungulira, wa mawonekedwe osasintha. Sili wandiweyani, koma ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira pamthambi. Mtengo wa mtengo ndi wamba, makungwa a thunthu ndi nthambi za chigoba ndi zobiriwira zakuda (nthambi zimakhala zowala). Nthambi zamakhwala ndi thunthu zimapanga pang "ono kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti zimatha kuphulika nthawi yakucha. Mtengo uli ndi thupi lofiira, lopindika, lopakatikati. Nthawi zambiri kutuluka kwa mphukira kuli kochepa. Kuphulika kofiira, m'malo mwake, kuwuka mwangwiro, ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawoneka ngati khunyu, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku nthambi.
Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi ophimba pang'ono omwe ali ndi mapiri okwera ndi aatali kwambiri. Iwo ndi owonda, okonzeka ndi ofewa mpaka kukhudza. The inflorescences ndi brush wa 5-7 woyera masamba, ndipo kenako - sing'anga-kakulidwe maluwa mwa mawonekedwe a makapu ndi petals kukula pamodzi pamphepete. Zipatso za peyala "Otradnenskaya" amangiriridwa makamaka pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi nthambi zazing'ono.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Wotchulidwayo amayamba kubala chipatso ali ndi zaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Unyinji wa mapeyala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Otradnenskaya" sichiposa 15 g, kuti asapangitse mavuto omwe amayamba kusagwa msanga. Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena a chinuoconical, mtundu wa chikasu wobiriwira ndi mbali yofiira. Pambuyo kukolola, mapeyala apsa, kusinthira ku chikasu chodzaza ndi kutchulidwa kofiira. Zokoma za zipatso ndizokwanira, thupi ndi lakuda ndi lokoma, pamene mtengo wobala zipatso umakhala wosasunthika, ndipo zokolola za peyala "Otradnenskaya" zimaposa maonekedwe.
Amaluwa ambiri samakonda izi zosiyanasiyana chifukwa chosasangalatsa kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mavitamini osakanikirana, ngakhale kuti kukoma sikukhala kosangalatsa kwambiri: chipatso chosasunthika chogwera pakamwa sichikondweretsa aliyense. Kulimba kwachibale kumapereka bwino transportability wa Otradnenskaya peyala.
Zithunzi zina zobzala mbande mitundu ya "Otradnenskaya"
Kodi ndibwino kuti kudzala liti?
Kubzala mitundu ya peyala "Otradnenskaya" ikhoza kuchitidwa kasupe ndi yophukira, ndipo mbeu zomwe zimakula muzitsamba, zimabzalidwa m'nyengo iliyonse yotentha. Komabe, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti pamene mutabzala m'dzinja nthawi ilipo mwayi wopititsa patsogolo mtengo. Pachifukwa ichi, amaluwa ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti adzalitse peyala m'chaka, ngakhale mbewuyo itagulidwa kugwa.
Pamapeto pake, zimangowonongeka moponyera pansi, kotero kuti mtengowo umathamangitsidwa pansi. Mizu ya mmera iyenera kukhala yokutidwa bwino ndi masamba, agrofibre, udzu, utuchi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zilipo. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, sapling imeneyi imakumbidwa mosamala, kuyang'aniridwa kuti iwonongeke (iyenera kuchotsedwa) ndi kubzalidwa pamalo okonzeka.
Kumene kuli bwino kubzala
Agrotechnics pear "Otradnenskaya" kwenikweni imaphatikizapo kusankha bwino malo oti mutenge mtengo, chifukwa osati thanzi lake ndi moyo wake wathanzi, komanso kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zingakusangalatseni kumadalira pa izo. Ngakhale kuti zoganizira zosiyanasiyana sizikusiyana ndi kukula kwachangu ndi kukula, ndi bwino kusankha malo omwe sangaponderezedwe ndi oyandikana naye. Nkofunikanso kukhala ndi kuunika kwabwino ndi mpweya wabwino umene udzawombera mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi kulakwitsa kuchepetsa danga laling'ono ndi mapepala osiyanasiyana, mipanda kapena mitengo ina, monga momwe mukupangira sapling simungathe kupanga korona yoyenera, idzayamba kulowera dzuwa, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri fruiting ntchito.
Zowonongeka za peyala sizimafuna kwambiri nthaka, koma ngati dothi latha kwambiri, musanadzalemo liyenera kupindulitsidwa ndi zowonjezera zothandiza pa mbeu.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Chifukwa chodzala mapeyala "Otradnenskaya" sankhani sapling wamng'ono. Mtengo wachikulire kuposa zaka ziwiri sungathe kukhazikika, ndipo chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya peyala, mwayi wa kuika bwino umachepa. Pambuyo pa mmera ndi malo a peyala amasankhidwa, ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje la mamita awiri ndi mamita awiri kwambiri Ngati mukufuna kupanga mitengo ingapo, mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita atatu.
Mvula yamtunduwu imagawidwa ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi organic ndi mineral feteleza. (humus - 10 l, superphosphate - 0.25 l, potashi salt - 0.15 l, phulusa - 3-4 press). Kenaka, pansi pa dzenje, m'pofunika kumanga chingwe chaching'ono chofanana ndi chomera chaching'ono, chophwanyika pang'ono ndikuyika mmera pamwamba pake kuti mizu yake imayende kuzungulira phokosoli.
Ndiye mumayenera kuwawaza mokhazikika dzenje ndi kusakaniza kokonzedwa bwino, ndikusiya mizu ya mizu masentimita pang'ono pamwambapa. Izi ndizofunika kuti zisamakhale pansi pobisala, pamene nthaka idzathera pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuika dzenje kuti mkati simunakhalebe ophwanya mpweya, mwinamwake mizu ya mtengo idzayamba kuvunda, ndipo peyala idzafa.
Mukakumba dzenje mumatope, tetezani mzere wozungulira kuti madziwo alowe mkati mwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpanda wotere mungagwiritse ntchito nthaka yosabvunda, yomwe idakumbidwa pansi pa dzenje chifukwa chodzala mbande. Kenaka, mtengo wobzalidwa uyenera kuthiriridwa mochulukira ndi kumangidwa ku khola loponyedwa pambali kuti liziteteze ku mphepo yamphamvu. Nkhumbayo iyenera kuikidwa m'manda kuti isagwirizane ndi mmera ndipo sichiwononge mizu yake.
Malangizo ena okhudza peyala "Otradnenskaya"
Kusamalira peyala "Otradnenskaya" sikovuta kwambiri ndipo si kosiyana kwambiri ndi chisamaliro cha mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala. Komabe, mu njirayi pali ziganizo zina zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati woyang'anira munda.
Kuteteza ndi kuteteza mapeyala ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Peyala "Otradnenskaya" idatengedwa ngati mitundu yodzichepetsa, choncho mtengo sungatheke motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ngakhale kuti zowononga nthawi zonse sizingatheke.
M'chaka, ngakhale mbewuyo isanayambe kupanga impso, iyenera kupopedwa kuti ipewe matenda opatsirana. Gawo la ammonia la khumi ndiloyenera chifukwa chaichi, chifukwa limachotsa mitundu yonse ya tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi yomweyo maluwa asanatuluke, peyala imatulutsidwa kawiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe nkhupakupa, tsternbears ndi moths. Kwenikweni, kukonza mitengo kukutha apa. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti tizirombo ndi matenda zimakhudza makamaka mitengo yosasamalidwa, kukhazikika mu makungwa osungunuka, zipatso zomwe zavunda kapena zosasunthika pansi pa mtengo, ndi zina zotero.
Choncho, njira yabwino yothetsera matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndi kuyeretsa mitengo ya makungwa ndi mitengo kuchokera ku zinyalala, namsongole, zipatso zovunda, mosses ndi maluwa. Khungwa lakufa liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo malo opanda malo ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi njira ya 3% ya ferrous sulphate. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Ngati masamba kapena ovariya amakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo timapezeka pamtengo - ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga ndi kutenthedwa, ndiye pali mwayi wothetsa vutoli pachiyambi. Zipatso zikayamba kupanga, udzu mkati mwa bwalo la thunthu sayenera kusamba, koma kuti udye, koma nthaka sayenera kukumbidwa. Monga njira yothandizira, zimalimbikitsa kuyera peyala ndi kusakaniza dothi ndi laimu mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Iron sulphate (0,1 makilogalamu pa 10 l) imaphatikizidwanso ku zotsatira zake.
Momwe mungaphunzitsire madzi okwanira
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, chomeracho chimafunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa, koma chiyenera kuthiriridwa ngati pakufunika. Pambuyo kuthirira, pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa madzi chinyezi, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa. Kukumba magulu a pristvolnyh (pamaso pa fruiting) amalola chinyezi kulowa mkati bwino. Peyala silingalolere overmoistening; choncho, kukwanira mtengo wamtengo wapatali kamodzi pamwezi, komanso nthawi zambiri mvula.
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji kudyetsa
Kudyetsa mapeyala "Otradnenskaya" ayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse. Kenaka mtengo udzalandira chakudya chabwino ndikubweretsa zokolola zabwino. Mu kugwa, kumveka pamwamba ndikofunikira kuti chomera chikhale bwino nkhuni ndipo, motero, zovuta kupirira frosts. Pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito fetashi ndi feteleza phosphate.
Mavitrogeni sali oyenera nthawi ino ya nyengo, chifukwa amalimbikitsa kukula kwachangu kwa mphukira, zosafunika kwenikweni usiku wachisanu. Manyowa a mchere amaikidwa m'manda pafupi ndi mzere wa thunthu kuzungulira pafupifupi masentimita 20, ndiye amamwe madzi ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka youma. Kuvala kovala kumathandiza kuti mtengo ukhale wovuta kwambiri kuchoka m'nyengo yozizira dormancy ndikulowa mu zomera.
Pa nthawiyi, peyala amafunika organic ndi mineral (kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni) feteleza. Zakudya zowonjezereka, ngati zingakwaniritsidwe, zikhoza kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya chilimwe, zomwe zidzalimbikitsa mtengo ndi zakudya komanso kusintha zipatso za chipatso.
Momwe mungaphunzitsire kudulira
Mutangoyamba kubzala, kamera kamene kamapanga pachaka kamapangidwa kotero kuti kutalika kwake sikupitirira mamita 1, ndipo masamba onse omwe ali pamunsi mwa mtengo wachinyamata ayenera kuchotsedwa. Chaka chotsatira, ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa. Ngati mmera uli ndi zaka ziwiri, ndiye mutabzala udakali wochepa, ngakhale kuti siwowonjezereka (pafupifupi 1/3 ya msinkhu). Kudulira ndikofunikira kuti chomera chikuthandizeni kukula kwa mizu.
M'tsogolomu, peyala iyenera kuloledwa kuti ipangire korona, kulowetsa kosafunikira kungawononge mtengo. Atangomaliza kufika pa fruiting zaka (izi zikhoza kuchitika zaka zazaka 3-4), kuyera kudulira kwa mtengo kumachitika, kumene makamaka matenda ndi kuonongeka nthambi achotsedwa.
Kudulira mitengo yakale ndikofunikira kuti abwezeretsedwe. Kuti muchite izi, dulani mutu, ndiyeno kupatulira kwachitika: choyamba, zouma, nthambi zakale komanso zopanda ntchito zimadulidwa. Kuonjezera apo, mphukira zimadulidwa zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi thunthu kapena pang'onopang'ono kwambiri (zimakonda kuswa pansi pa kulemera kwa chipatso). Masamba otsala akhoza kufupikitsidwa ndi ¼ za kutalika kwake.
Mukudziwa? Peyala sayenera kudulidwa m'nyengo yozizira, mtengo umalekerera njirayi moipa kwambiri. Kudulira kungakhoze kuchitidwa mu kugwa, osati patapita nthawi ya September, kapena mu April, pamene mlengalenga ndi nthaka ziri zotentha mokwanira.
Nthawi yakucha ndi yosungiramo zipatso za mapeyala mitundu "Otradnenskaya"
Zipatso peyala "Otradnenskaya" yakucha kumapeto kwa September ndipo panthawi ino akhoza kuchotsedwa kale. Komabe, kugula kulawa kwathunthu kwa peyala, kumafunika kubzala masabata ena 2-3 mutatha kukolola. Kawirikawiri, mapeyala a mitundu yofotokozedwayo amawasungira kwa kanthawi kochepa, bwino, mpaka Chaka Chatsopano, ndipo amapereka kuti zipatsozo ziikidwa m'thumba ndipo zili pamalo ozizira. Mu chipinda chofunda, mapeyala amasungidwa nthawi yochuluka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawonongeka.
Fragility yosungirako mapeyala "Otradnenskaya" akulipiridwa mwangwiro ndi njira zambiri za kukonza ndi kukolola. Mavitamini, jams, jams, compotes nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso, zimatha kuuma kapena kuzizira, komanso vinyo wopangidwa kunyumba ndi zakumwa zopangidwa kuchokera ku peyala ndizosiyana ndi kunyada kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe.
Kukonzekera mitengo yambiri ya peyala m'nyengo yozizira
Peyala "Otradnenskaya" imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, choncho njira yodalirika yomwe imayenera kuti mtengo ukonzekere nyengo yozizira ndi kukolola kwa masamba opal ndi zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa ndi moto. Popeza nkhonoyi sichisokoneza mapeyalawa, zimatha kupewa kupopera mankhwala ena a mapeyala. 
Komabe, mbande zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakonzedweratu kuti zikhale zozizira kwambiri kuposa mtengo wamkulu, choncho muyenera kuzisamalira kwambiri. Pambuyo yotentha, dothi liyenera kukhala lopanda bwino, chifukwa, pokhala panthaka youma, zomera zimalolera kuzizira kwambiri. Komanso, mizu ya mtengo ikhoza kutenthedwa ndi masamba ogwa kapena zinthu zina zosapangidwira (koma osati ndi udzu wokha, chifukwa ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri a mbewa zomwe zimazizira m'nyengo yozizira).
Pofuna kuteteza makoswe ndi makoswe ena, amene amadya pamphuno la kamera kakang'ono ndi zosangalatsa, ayenera kumangiriridwa ndi nsalu yophimba kapena nsalu. Ngati kumapeto kwa kasupe kutulukira kuti peyala ikadali yozizira kwambiri, mphukira yowonjezera iyenera kulimbikitsidwa pamalo osakanikirana (omangirizidwa kapena kuthandizidwa), mwinamwake mazira osapanga.
Kawirikawiri, tikhoza kunena zimenezo mitundu ya peyala "Otradnenskaya" Ndibwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe samakonda zipatso zofewa kwambiri, samakhala ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri ndipo sali okonzeka kusokoneza ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
