Fusariosis ndimatenda omwe amakhudza mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa komanso zakutchire. Garlic ndi chimodzimodzi. Matendawa amatha chifukwa cha bowa wopanda ungwiro kuchokera ku mtundu wa Fusarium. Mulingo wawo wogwira umatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo ndi nyengo
Mtundu wa Matenda a Fusarium
Wothandizirana ndi causative amalowa mkati mwa mitsempha ya mbewuyo mwakuwonongeka kwa mizu, masamba ndi zimayambira. Matendawa amafika pamadzi limodzi ndi madzi, nthaka ndi mbewu. Izi adyo matenda nthawi zambiri amatchedwa pansi zowola.
Zomera za babu zimafa chifukwa cha kuledzera komanso kuphwanya ntchito zonse zofunika. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kutentha. Zotayika kwambiri zili mu Ogasiti. Pakasungidwa, mitu yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwotcha kwa mankhwala, majeremusi ndi zida zamaulimi zimakonda kukhudzidwa.
Njira zopatsirana komanso zoyambitsa matenda a adyo ndi fusarium
Fusariosis imafalikira kudzera mu spores ndi masamba omera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mbewu. Wothandizila wa causative amalimbana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Imakumana ndi chisanu, kukhala m'nthaka komanso mababu.
Zomwe zimachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda zimaphatikizapo:
- mbewu yotsika mtengo;
- nkhanza za feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
- chinyezi chachikulu;
- kubzala adyo m'mabedi omwe amakhala m'chigwa;
- kuyanika kuchokera mu mizu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zomwe sizinadulitse matenda opha tizilombo;
- kuthirira kosayenera;
- makulidwe amtunduwu;
- kuchuluka kwa tizilombo;
- kusefukira kwamadzi pansi;
- kutentha kwapamwamba (kuposa +28 ° ะก).
Fusarium choyamba amenya pansi pamutu wa adyo. Pambuyo pake, dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo likuwonjezeka, popeza matendawa amatenga minofu yathanzi. Matendawa amatha kuchitika nthawi yonse yosungirako komanso nthawi yakula.
Chithunzi cha kuchipatala
Kukula kwa zotsatirazi kukusonyeza kukula kwa adyo fusariosis:
- mikwingwirima ya bulauni pa nthenga zobiriwira;
- chikhazikitso cha pinki-violet kapena pinki hue mu axils yamasamba, pa tsinde ndi mizu;
- zikwangwani zoyera m'munsi mwa babu;
- kufewetsa adyo cloves;
- peduncle afota;
- kuyera yoyera pakati pa sikelo;
- kuvunda ndi kufa kwa mizu.
Zomera zimatayidwa ngakhale pali zovala zingapo pabedi. Zomwezo zidzachitike ngati malo osungirako satsatiridwa. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso chinyezi chambiri m'chipinda chomwe wojambulayo amasunga adyo wokhazokha. Mitu yosungunuka siyabwino kubzala kapena kuphika zaluso zapamwamba.
Njira Zowongolera Garlic Fusarium
Mbewu ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides musanabzale. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumadziwika ndi mankhwala monga Quadris ndi Fundazole.
Kukhazikika sikuyenera kupitilira mphindi 30. Gawo lotsatira ndikuwonetsa mababu.
Matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndi ovuta kuchiza, kotero mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawonongeka. Odwala mababu mosakayikira kudzipatula kwa athanzi. Chifukwa chake, amachepetsa mwayi wofalitsa matendawa.
Mu magawo oyamba, matendawa amatha kuimitsidwa. Mwa izi, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwa iwo alipo:
- Fitosporin-M;
- Trichodermin;
- Vitaros;
- Baktofit.
Mankhwala aliwonse amathandizidwa ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Kuti akwaniritse bwino kwambiri, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa wopanga.
Zinthu zachilengedwe ndizotetezeka kwa nyama ndi nyama.
Nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, yodzadza ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena choko. Zigawo ziwiri zomaliza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhutiritsa dothi ndi calcium. Njira ya boric acid nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothira mafuta a adyo osadziwika.
Kupewa kwa Fusarium
Fusarium adyo ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa. Mndandanda wa njira zodzitetezera ndi zokulirapo.
- Chisamaliro chofunikira chikuyenera kulipidwa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino. Cog omwe amalembedwa ndi zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa saloledwa kubzala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi.
- Bedi la m'munda lopangidwira mbewuyi siliyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mbewu zina kuchokera ku banja ili. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi mafangasi a fungus.
- Nthaka ya adyo sayenera kukhala acidic kwambiri. Pa pH yayitali, ufa wa dolomite, laimu kapena dongo limayikidwa m'nthaka. Feteleza Mlingo wothira feteleza amafunikiranso. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi powadyetsa, omwe amaphatikizapo zonse zofunikira.
Pazolinga zopewera, njira zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Njira zothetsera mankhwalawa zimatha kukonzedwa pamaziko a koloko ndi whey. Njira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala fungicides.
Popewa matenda, ndikofunikira:
- samalira kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Zomera za banja lodziwika bwino sizingabzalidwe pamalo amodzi zaka zingapo motsatizana;
- Nthawi zonse gwiritsani feteleza wachilengedwe kuchokera m'nthaka. Izi zimakhudza chitetezo chamthupi cha adyo, kotero kuti chimayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi fusarium;
- gwiritsani mababu musanadzalemo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, Maxim, Fitosporin, potaziyamu permanganate kapena mankhwala ena amkuwa;
- kuthirira nthaka ndi fungicides masabata awiri musanafesere, pangani zokonzekera za EM. Yotsirizira imathandizira mapangidwe a humus. Ndikofunikira pakudya chamagulu azikhalidwe ndi zokongoletsera, chitetezo chawo ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono;
- chotsani udzu munthawi yake;
- kuwaza adyo ndi Bioreid, Mikosan ndi Biosporin. Biofungicides idzachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayambitsa fusarium wilt. Ndizoletsedwa kuphatikiza mankhwala ochokera pagululi ndi othandizira mankhwala;
- mukakolola, chotsani zotsalira zonse pamalowo;
- kupereka malo abwino osungira (chinyezi cha mpweya - kuchokera pa 75 mpaka 80%, kutentha - osapitirira +1 C C). Garlic imayikidwa yosungidwa pokhapokha kuyanika.
Fusarium wilting ndi matenda ofunda nyengo. Othandizira ake amathandizika kwambiri kumadera omwe amakhala ozizira komanso nyengo yotentha. Zowonongeka pamera izi zitha kukhala 70-80%. Kupatsira matenda nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'nthaka. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi vuto la fungal ili pakugonjetsedwa kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana, zimapereka zotsatira zofunikira pokhapokha ngati malangizo atsatiridwa mosamalitsa.
