Kodi pepino ndi funso lotani, mwinamwake, munthu aliyense amafunsa pamene amva dzina ili. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za chomera chodabwitsa ichi, komanso tipeze mfundo zoyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira pepino m'dzikoli.
Pepino - kodi chomera ichi ndi chiyani?
Pepino, wodziwika bwino monga vwende peyala, - shrub yobiriwira ku banja la nightshade, kuyambira ku South America. Chidwi chachikulu pa chomera ichi chinawonekera m'ma 80s a zaka zapitazo. Lero, pali mitundu 25 ya pepino. Kwa nyengo yathu, mitundu ya "Ramses" ndi "Consuelo" imadulidwa. Chipatso pepino, kapena vwende peyala amawoneka ngati vwende kapena dzungu, ali ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri. Pepino amadya ngati vwende yakuda, yomwe imapatsidwa vitamini C.
Mukudziwa? Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa pepino kunalibe mu 1553.
Mbali za kulima, zikhalidwe za vwende peyala
Pepino, kapena vwende peyala - kwambiri chomera chopanda pake, Kukula ndi kusamalira iwo kunyumba ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Pepino yakula kuchokera ku mbewu ndi cuttings. Pamene mukukula ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muthe nthambi zina, ngati simunachite, chomeracho sichimabala zipatso. Bwerezani njirayi sabata iliyonse. Chomera cha pepino (kapena vwende) chimakonda kuwala, chimagwirizana ndi zakudya zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mukamera biringanya.
Mukudziwa? Pepino ndi 92% madzi, omwe amachititsa kukhala yowutsa.
Momwe mungasankhire malo oti mukule, kuunikira
Kwa pepino, m'pofunikira kusankha malo abwino, odzola mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wochepa, monga zomera zimalolera kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chinyezi. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chomera masana ndi 22 ° C, kutentha kwa pamwamba pa 30 ° C kungasokoneze pepino, kutentha kwa usiku sikuyenera kuchepa kupitirira 18 ° C - mtundu ukhoza kugwa.
Dothi lodzala
Pepino imafuna kulima nthaka, yomwe sayenera kulowerera ndale, yosakhala ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe imapangitsa kukula kwakukulu kwa tsinde losabala. Ikuphatikizanso chitetezo chake ku mafinya. Kutentha kwa dothi sikuyenera kukwera kapena kupitirira madigiri 20 mpaka 22.
Momwe mungabzalitsire pepino, kusungunuka pear
Mavwende a peyala amafalitsidwa m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera ku mbewu ndi kumtengowo. Komabe ndi bwino ndi cuttings, chifukwa si mitundu yonse imabzala mbewu zonse, ndipo pepino wamkulu kumbewu kenako amadzala chipatso.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Mbewu ya peyala sizimera zonse, ndipo ngakhale mwapadera, ndi 50 peresenti ku Ramses ndi 80% ku Consuelo. Pofika mwezi wa November kapena December, n'zotheka kumera mbeu - mu chotengera chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba, chophimba pansi ndi fyuluta yosakanizidwa kapena pepala lakumbudzi. Chophimba chatsekedwa chiyenera kusungidwa kutentha kosapitirira madigiri 28. Mbewu imayamba kuswa kale kamodzi pamlungu kenako mpaka mwezi umodzi mutayikidwa mu chidebe.
Mbewu zikatha, pepino ikhoza kulowetsedwa mu mphika kapena tray ndi nthaka yowala, ndipo amafunikanso kuwala kosalekeza. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kuwalako kwacheperachepera kwa maola 16 ndi mwezi wina mpaka maola 14. Ndipo mkatikati mwa February mungathe kusintha ku kuwala kwachirengedwe. Pepino yabzalidwa poyera pakati pa mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pofuna kupewa chisanu. Mbande zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yonyowa pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 50 wina ndi mzake, owazidwa ndi nthaka youma, izi ziyenera kuchitika madzulo.
Komabe, pofuna kupewa chisanu pa mbande, amawotcha filimuyo ngati pali dontho pansi pa filimuyo, kuthirira kuthirira kungatheke. Pamene kutentha kumatuluka, mbali imodzi ya filimu ikhoza kutsegulidwa kuti ipite mpweya wabwino.
Cuttings
Mu mmera wamakono uli kale kuthekera kuti muthe kuchotsa cuttings ndi kuwakhazikitsa iwo, makamaka mu peat, popanda kuwabisa iwo. Kuti mukhale ndi rooting yabwino, muyenera kutenga cuttings ndi masamba 8. Izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti Pepino cuttings mizu bwino kwambiri.
Cuttings imaberekanso: malo okhala capricoleum, plumeria, zamiokulkas, mkungudza wachi China, diploadiya, bilberry, plum ndi korie.
Momwe mungakulire mu dziko, malamulo a chisamaliro
Ndikofunikira kusamalira peyala yamapiri komanso tomato. Chofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha pepino ndi: kuyendetsa wowonjezera kutentha, kuchotsa zitsulo, kubzala nthaka ndi kuchotsa namsongole, kuthirira ngati pakufunika, kuvala pamwamba.
Mbali za zomera zothirira
Kuthirira vwende mapeyala - zosavuta, mu no case pereuvlazhnyat. Pofuna kupeĊµa kuwonongeka ndi matenda, wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kuwonetsedwa. Pofuna kuchepetsa ulimi wothirira ndi kusunga gawo lapansi, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi udzu watsopano kapena utuchi - izi zimathandizanso kumsongole.
Kusamalira dothi
Pepino amakonda nthaka yochepa ndi yaying'ono yokhala ndi acidity. Ndi bwino kudzala peyala yamapiri m'malo omwe masamba, anyezi, ndi nkhaka zakula. Atatha kukolola, nthaka imamasulidwa, namsongole amakololedwa, kukumba ndi kuberekedwa ndi manyowa, omwe amawonongeka ndi kompositi.
Ndikofunikira! Pepino silingabzalidwe kumene amamera tomato kapena mbatata - amakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo ndi tizirombo.
Belt girter
Ndikofunika kumangiriza ndikupanga chitsamba chamatabwa mkati mwa sabata - ziwiri mutabzala. Mapesi amangiriridwa ngati zomera zikukula, zipatso sizimangirizidwa ku trellis - zikhoza kupachikidwa.
Kudyetsa vwende peyala
Dyetsani peyala ya peyala mwezi uliwonse. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, amadyetsa masabata awiri mutabzala pansi, kachiwiri - mutatha kudula masitepe, kenako masabata awiri kapena atatu. Chomeracho chimayankha bwino ku feteleza kuchokera ku manyowa kapena zitosi za mbalame, koma zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni ambiri, choncho timapitirira kuchuluka: 1: 6 kwa manyowa, 1:20 - zitosi.
Ndikofunikira! Zitsamba zosasunthika popanda mdulidwe pansi pa kulemera kwawo zimagwa pansi ndipo zimabereka zipatso zoipa.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Mavwendewo amakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga tomato, choncho kupewa matenda ndi ofanana. Tizilombo toopsa ndi Chirombo cha Colorado cha mbatata, whitefly, aphid; Zipatso zokoma zimakondwera kwambiri nyerere
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za tizirombo tomwe timakonda kwambiri: makungwa a khungwe, granary weevil, kangaude, mbewa, nsonga, nematodes, udzu wambiri, herme, earwig ndi apulo.
Kukolola ngale ya peyala
Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa zipatso kuchokera ku chomera mukamafika 10-12 masentimita ndikukhala otumbululuka chikasu, chobiriwira. Zipatso sizikumera pamtambo womwewo panthawi imodzimodzi, choncho zokolola ziyenera kukololedwa kangapo panthawiyi.
Mmene mungapulumutsire chomera m'nyengo yozizira
Pepino ili ndi nthawi yochepa, ndipo izi zimakupatsani kusunga chomera chaka chotsatira. Panthawiyi, kuthirira ndi kochepa, palibe kuwala kofunika konse, kutentha kumachepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 6. Chomeracho chimapanga masamba ndipo tsopano chikhoza kusungidwa. pafupi miyezi iwiri koma panonso.
Kuti mukhale ndi cuttings chaka chamawa, mitengo ya pepino yomwe imadulidwa kugwa ndi 1/3 ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe, ndi zina zotero.
Kumapeto kwa February, chiwerengero cha madzi awonjezeka ndipo kutentha kumabweretsa 16 ° C. Mphukira zimadulidwa, ndipo zidutswazo zimasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi kuziyika mu gawo lapansi. Pakuti bwino rooting, ndi cuttings amaikidwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi chinyezi pafupifupi 90%.
Zipatso za peyala zimakhala ndi zitsulo zochuluka, carotene, mavitamini C, PP, gulu B. Zili ndi shuga wambiri, koma zimagwidwa mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapiri azikhala osangalatsa kwambiri, komanso amatsitsimutsa.
